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Cited by 4,804

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review

Waks, Adrienne G., Winer, Eric P.·2019·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.2018.19323
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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer will be diagnosed in 12% of women in the United States over the course of their lifetimes and more than 250 000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States in 2017. This review focuses on current approaches and evolving strategies for local and systemic therapy of breast cancer. OBSERVATIONS: Breast cancer is categorized into 3 major subtypes based on the presence or absence of molecular markers for estrogen or progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2): hormone receptor positive/ERBB2 negative (70% of patients), ERBB2 positive (15%-20%), and triple-negative (tumors lacking all 3 standard molecular markers; 15%). More than 90% of breast cancers are not metastatic at the time of diagnosis. For people presenting without metastatic disease, therapeutic goals are tumor eradication and preventing recurrence. Triple-negative breast cancer is more likely to recur than the other 2 subtypes, with 85% 5-year breast cancer-specific survival for stage I triple-negative tumors vs 94% to 99% for hormone receptor positive and ERBB2 positive. Systemic therapy for nonmetastatic breast cancer is determined by subtype: patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors receive endocrine therapy, and a minority receive chemotherapy as well; patients with ERBB2-positive tumors receive ERBB2-targeted antibody or small-molecule inhibitor therapy combined with chemotherapy; and patients with triple-negative tumors receive chemotherapy alone. Local therapy for all patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer consists of surgical resection, with consideration of postoperative radiation if lumpectomy is performed. Increasingly, some systemic therapy is delivered before surgery. Tailoring postoperative treatment based on preoperative treatment response is under investigation. Metastatic breast cancer is treated according to subtype, with goals of prolonging life and palliating symptoms. Median overall survival for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is approximately 1 year vs approximately 5 years for the other 2 subtypes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Breast cancer consists of 3 major tumor subtypes categorized according to estrogen or progesterone receptor expression and ERBB2 gene amplification. The 3 subtypes have distinct risk profiles and treatment strategies. Optimal therapy for each patient depends on tumor subtype, anatomic cancer stage, and patient preferences.

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Metadata

Authors
Waks, A. G., & Winer, E. P.
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2019-01-22
Volume
321
Issue
3
Pages
288
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.2018.19323
OpenAlex
W2912993657
Cited by
4,804
References
15
FWCI
134.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.2018.19323
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Waks, A. G., & Winer, E. P. (2019). Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19323

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