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Association of Bariatric Surgery With Major Adverse Liver and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: No therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term relationship between bariatric surgery and incident major adverse liver outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with obesity and biopsy-proven fibrotic NASH without cirrhosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In the SPLENDOR (Surgical Procedures and Long-term Effectiveness in NASH Disease and Obesity Risk) study, of 25 828 liver biopsies performed at a US health system between 2004 and 2016, 1158 adult patients with obesity were identified who fulfilled enrollment criteria, including confirmed histological diagnosis of NASH and presence of liver fibrosis (histological stages 1-3). Baseline clinical characteristics, histological disease activity, and fibrosis stage of patients who underwent simultaneous liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery were balanced with a nonsurgical control group using overlap weighting methods. Follow-up ended in March 2021. EXPOSURES: Bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) vs nonsurgical care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the incidence of major adverse liver outcomes (progression to clinical or histological cirrhosis, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or liver-related mortality) and MACE (a composite of coronary artery events, cerebrovascular events, heart failure, or cardiovascular death), estimated using the Firth penalized method in a multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis framework. RESULTS: A total of 1158 patients (740 [63.9%] women; median age, 49.8 years [IQR, 40.9-57.9 years], median body mass index, 44.1 [IQR, 39.4-51.4]), including 650 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 508 patients in the nonsurgical control group, with a median follow-up of 7 years (IQR, 4-10 years) were analyzed. Distribution of baseline covariates, including histological severity of liver injury, was well-balanced after overlap weighting. At the end of the study period in the unweighted data set, 5 patients in the bariatric surgery group and 40 patients in the nonsurgical control group experienced major adverse liver outcomes, and 39 patients in the bariatric surgery group and 60 patients in the nonsurgical group experienced MACE. Among the patients analyzed with overlap weighting methods, the cumulative incidence of major adverse liver outcomes at 10 years was 2.3% (95% CI, 0%-4.6%) in the bariatric surgery group and 9.6% (95% CI, 6.1%-12.9%) in the nonsurgical group (adjusted absolute risk difference, 12.4% [95% CI, 5.7%-19.7%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.02-0.63]; P = .01). The cumulative incidence of MACE at 10 years was 8.5% (95% CI, 5.5%-11.4%) in the bariatric surgery group and 15.7% (95% CI, 11.3%-19.8%) in the nonsurgical group (adjusted absolute risk difference, 13.9% [95% CI, 5.9%-21.9%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.12-0.72]; P = .007). Within the first year after bariatric surgery, 4 patients (0.6%) died from surgical complications, including gastrointestinal leak (n = 2) and respiratory failure (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with NASH and obesity, bariatric surgery, compared with nonsurgical management, was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident major adverse liver outcomes and MACE.
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“Long-term results of MBS consistently demonstrate safety and efficacy.”
From 2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Furthermore, MBS is associated with an 88% risk reduction of progression of NASH to cirrhosis [18].”
From 2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are associated with significant metabolic improvements and reductions in NAFLD severity [13,14,15], including reductions in liver fat, liver enzymes, and fibrosis [16,17,18].”
From Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Endoscopic Therapies on Liver Health in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Notably, the 15 mg tirzepatide group in this trial exhibited an average weight decrease of 20.9%, and an impressive 36.2% of participants successfully achieved the≥25% weight-loss goal, approaching the effects observed with bariatric surgery [32, 33].”
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“After surgery, the significant improvement of metabolic disease, as well as the decrease in overall mortality, has been reported in multiple studies further supporting the importance of this treatment modality [15–19].”
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“Surgical, compared to non-surgical treatment, was related to reduce risk of major liver-related and cardiac events in patients with MASH and obesity [88].”
From Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease? (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
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“In line with data from prospective studies, the large retrospective SPLENDOR study found signi fi cantly lower rates of adverse liver-related outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals who underwent metabolic surgery compared to non-surgical controls.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [439]
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“After surgery, the significant improvement of metabolic disease, as well as the decrease in overall mortality, has been reported in multiple studies further supporting the importance of this treatment modality [15–19].”
From 2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
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“…review of the value of bariatric surgery for the NASH patient had the objective of investigating the long-term relationship between bariatric surgery, major adverse liver outcomes, and major adverse cardiovascular events in obese patients with biopsy-proven fibrotic NASH without cirrhosis (3).”
Chew, N., Pan, X. H., Chong, B., Chandramouli, C., Muthiah, M. D., & Lam, C. S. P. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111652 · Cited by 63
Qin, W., Yang, J., Ni, Y., Deng, C., Ruan, Q., Ruan, J., Zhou, P., & Duan, K. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-03896-z · Cited by 55
“Notably, the 15 mg tirzepatide group in this trial exhibited an average weight decrease of 20.9%, and an impressive 36.2% of participants successfully achieved the ≥ 25% weight-loss goal, approaching the effects observed with bariatric surgery [32, 33].”
ResultInfluentialNdumele, C. E., Rodriguez, F., Dixon, D. L., Khan, S. S., Mukherjee, D., Bajaj, M., Bangalore, S., Bozkurt, B., Breathett, K., Clarke, S. L., et al. (2026) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056 · Cited by 90
Krishnan, A., Hadi, Y. B., Alqahtani, S. A., Woreta, T. A., Fang, W., Abunnaja, S., Szoka, N. L., Tabone, L. E., Thakkar, S. J., & Singh, S. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7188 · Cited by 54
Gries, J. J., Lazarus, J. V., Brennan, P., Siddiqui, M. S., Targher, G., Lang, C. C., Virani, S. S., Lavie, C. J., Isaacs, S. D., Arab, J. P., et al. (2024) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00310-8 · Cited by 59
“…and liver biopsies, bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of incident major adverse liver (adjusted HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.63, P = .01) and cardiovascular outcomes (adjusted HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.72, P = .007) in patients living with biopsy-proven MASLD compared to controls 148 .”
InfluentialLuca, M. D., Shikora, S. A., Eisenberg, D., Angrisani, L., Parmar, C. D., Alqahtani, A. R., Aminian, A., Aarts, E. O., Brown, W. A., COHEN, R. V., et al. (2024) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2024.05.009 · Cited by 62
Self-citationAssessing the risk of surgery in patients with cirrhosis
Kaltenbach, M. G., & Mahmud, N. (2023) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000086 · Cited by 50
“[65] For individuals with compensated cirrhosis and no significant portal hypertension, bariatric surgery is a viable weight loss option and is associated with a decreased risk of liver adverse outcomes.[66] There are small studies that have reported feasibility in performing bariatric surgery in patients with clinica…”
BackgroundMASLD treatment—a shift in the paradigm is imminent
Machado, M. V. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1316284 · Cited by 51
Chew, N., Ng, C. H., Muthiah, M. D., & Sanyal, A. J. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01027-5 · Cited by 49
Cosentino, F., Verma, S., Ambery, P., Treppendahl, M. B., van Eickels, M., Anker, S. D., Cecchini, M., Fioretto, P., Groop, P., Hess, D. A., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad445 · Cited by 66
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Isaacs, S. D. (2022) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2022.06.007 · Cited by 50
Long‐term all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality for four bariatric surgery procedures
Adams, T. D., Meeks, H., Fraser, A. M., Davidson, L. E., Holmen, J. R., Newman, M. G., Ibele, A. R., Richards, N. G., Hunt, S. C., & Kim, J. (2023) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23646 · Cited by 47
“After median follow-up of 7 years, bariatric surgery was significantly associated with a lower risk of major adverse liver outcomes, with five surgical and 40 non-surgical patients experiencing the adverse liver outcomes [37].”
BackgroundLam, C. S. P., Rodríguez, Á., Aminian, A., Ferrannini, E., Heerspink, H. J. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Laffin, L. J., Pandey, A., Ray, K. K., Ridker, P. M., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24332 · Cited by 51
“The substantial and sustained weight reduction with continued tirzepatide use may offer the potential for outcome benefits similar to those observed in metabolic surgery studies across multiple organ systems impacted by obesity, including cardiovascular event reduction [10, 23].”
Self-citationHepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Pan, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002092 · Cited by 42
“([74])Nodrugs have been approved for NASHtreatment,althoughsomepharmacological therapies atvariousphasesof clinical trials showpromisingoutcomes.”
BackgroundAminian, A., Aljabri, A., Wang, S. Z., Bena, J., Allende, D. S., Rosen, H., Arnold, E., Wilson, R. L., Milinovich, A., Loomba, R. S., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03480-y · Cited by 42
“In a long-term follow-up study of 1,158 patients with biopsy-proven noncirrhotic MASH, metabolic surgery, compared with nonsurgical management, was associated with an 88% lower risk of incident MALO and a 70% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events 21 .”
Self-citationHagström, H., Hegmar, H., & Moreno, C. (2024) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12524 · Cited by 40
“94 Furthermore, secondary prevention by improved treatment of metabolic risk factors other than obesity in the metabolic syndrome is also important.”
BackgroundThe interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Finney, A. C., Das, S., Kumar, D., McKinney, M. P., Cai, B., Yurdagul, A., & Rom, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861 · Cited by 40
Incretin-based investigational therapies for the treatment of MASLD/MASH
Brouwers, B., Rao, G., Tang, Y., Rodríguez, Á., Glass, L. C., & Hartman, M. L. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111675 · Cited by 40
MetALD: Clinical aspects, pathophysiology and treatment
Gratacós‐Ginès, J., Ariño, S., Sancho‐Bru, P., Bataller, R. A., & Pose, E. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101250 · Cited by 45
“145,146 However, some studies have also shown an increase in AUD diagnoses after surgery and more frequently when performing bypass procedures compared to sleeve gastrectomy.”
Suresh, M. G., Mohamed, S., Geetha, H. S., Prabhu, S., Trivedi, N., Mehta, P. D., Damodaran, U. K., Brar, A., Sohal, A., Hatwal, J., et al. (2025) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2025.0212 · Cited by 47
Tantu, M. T., Farhana, F. Z., Haque, F., Koo, K. M., Qiao, L., Ross, A. G., & Shiddiky, M. J. A. (2025) · npj gut and liver. · doi:10.1038/s44355-025-00030-2 · Cited by 45
“However, it is contraindicated for patients with established cirrhosis due to elevated perioperative risks 119 .”
Review article: current and emerging therapies for the management of cirrhosis and its complications
Tapper, E. B., Ufere, N. N., Huang, D. Q., & Loomba, R. S. (2022) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.16831 · Cited by 41
Li, M., Cui, M., Li, G., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Eftekhar, S. P., & Ala, M. (2024) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-2266-1503 · Cited by 37
“Consistently, a significant weight loss achieved either by lifestyle modification, medication, or surgery can vigorously lower the risk of NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases or alleviate the pre-existing disease [11–13].”
Hsu, J. L., & Farrell, T. M. (2023) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348231220576 · Cited by 42
A multistakeholder approach to innovations in NAFLD care
Schattenberg, J. M., Allen, A. M., Jarvis, H., Zelber‐Sagi, S., Cusi, K., Dillon, J. F., Caussy, C., Francque, S., Younossi, Z. M., Alkhouri, N., et al. (2023) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00228-y · Cited by 36
Self-citationHepatic Fibrosis and Cancer: The Silent Threats of Metabolic Syndrome
Friedman, S. L. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0240 · Cited by 37
“These patients have reduced fibrosis stage and improved overall outcomes for years after bariatric surgery [72].”
BackgroundA roadmap for clinical trials in MASH-related compensated cirrhosis
Pericàs, J. M., Anstee, Q. M., Augustín, S., Bataller, R. A., Berzigotti, A., Ciudin, A., Francque, S., Abraldeṣ, J. G., Hernández–Gea, V., Pons, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00955-8 · Cited by 38
Key takeaways from the updated multidisciplinary European MASLD guidelines
Horn, P., & Tacke, F. (2025) · eGastroenterology · doi:10.1136/egastro-2025-100196 · Cited by 40
“45 Consequently, the current guidelines recommend considering bariatric surgery in adults with non-cirrhotic MASLD and an approved indication for bariatric surgery.”
Ballestri, S., Mantovani, A., Girolamo, M. D., Baldelli, E., Capitelli, M., & Lonardo, A. (2023) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2022.23 · Cited by 33
Moreira, R. O., Valério, C. M., Villela‐Nogueira, C. A., Cercato, C., Gerchman, F., Lottenberg, A. M., Godoy‐Matos, A. F., Oliveira, R. D. A., Brandão‐Mello, C. E., Álvares‐da‐Silva, M. R., et al. (2023) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0123 · Cited by 45
Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery
Salazar, N., Alonso, M. P., Garriga, M. J., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Hernández‐Barranco, A. M., Redruello, B., Fernández, M., Botella-Carretero, J. I., Vega‐Piñero, B., Galeano, J., et al. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2106102 · Cited by 34
The cardiovascular effects of novel weight loss therapies
Usman, M., Davies, M. J., Hall, M. E., Verma, S., Anker, S. D., Rosenstock, J., & Butler, J. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad664 · Cited by 31
Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Indications and post-operative management
Geerts, A. M., & Lefere, S. (2022) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0373 · Cited by 33
“A recent retrospective cohort study conducted by Aminian et al.32 was the first to demonstrate a significant lower risk for major adverse liver and cardiac outcomes in the bariatric surgery group compared with nonsurgical management in patients with biopsy-proven NASH and obesity.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRole of steatotic liver disease in prediction and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases
Stefan, N., Lonardo, A., & Targher, G. (2023) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-023-00880-2 · Cited by 30
“In patients with obesity and biopsy-proven MASH, bariatric surgery resulted in a 70% reduction in the relative risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with nonsurgical care 7 .”
Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zunica, E. R. M., Heintz, E. C., Axelrod, C. L., & Kirwan, J. P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14164051 · Cited by 30
Medical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity
Reid, T. J., & Körner, J. (2022) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2022.03.002 · Cited by 33
Care of the Patient After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Bramante, C., Wise, E., & Chaudhry, Z. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc202205170 · Cited by 28
Chhatwal, J., Dalgic, O. O., Chen, W., Samur, S., Bethea, E. D., Xiao, J., Hur, C., Corey, K. E., & Loomba, R. S. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.30426 · Cited by 28
Impacts of bariatric surgery on adverse liver outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, G., Huang, Y., Yang, H., Lin, H., Zhou, S., & Qian, J. (2023) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2022.12.025 · Cited by 29
Cui, B., Wang, G., Li, P., Li, W., Song, Z. J., Sun, X., Zhu, L., & Zhu, S. (2023) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000000066 · Cited by 28
“[ 29 – 49 ] .”
Nixdorf, L., Hartl, L., Ströhl, S., Felsenreich, D. M., Mairinger, M., Jedamzik, J., Richwien, P., Mozayani, B., Semmler, G., Balcar, L., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67415-w · Cited by 26
“However, in obese patients, weight loss substantially improves liver health by reducing insulin resistance, decreasing hepatic steatosis, and improving liver enzymes 5,6 .”
BackgroundRinella, M. E., & Sookoian, S. C. (2026) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01187-8 · Cited by 31
“Bariat-ric surgery can deliver substantial benefits 40,41 , although its role might narrow as increasingly effective weight-loss drugs become more available.”
Giannakogeorgou, A., & Roden, M. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17848 · Cited by 30
“…surgery has demonstrated effective sustainable weight loss with remission of T2D 16,101 as well as reduction of MASH 102-105 and cardiovascular events, 106 its invasive nature and risk of long-term side effects 107– 109 continued stimulating efforts to develop drugs with comparable weight loss.”
BackgroundDiagnosis and non‐invasive assessment of MASLD in type 2 diabetes and obesity
Chan, W., Petta, S., Noureddin, M., Goh, G. B., & Wong, V. W. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17866 · Cited by 25
HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications
Capone, F., Häseli, S. P., Liu, L., Strocchi, S., Langenberg, C., Lusis, A. J., Pietzner, M., Muoio, D. M., Rider, O. J., Raman, B., et al. (2026) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01257-z · Cited by 35
“SGLT2 inhibitors induce modest but stable weight loss, blood pressure reduction and protection from MACE, including HF 342 .”
InfluentialAdverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity
Aminian, A., Wang, L., Jabri, A., Wilson, R. L., Bena, J., Milinovich, A., Jin, J., Heinzinger, C. M., Peña-Orbea, C., Foldvary‐Schaefer, N., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.008 · Cited by 27
Self-citationLong-term systemic effects of metabolic bariatric surgery: A multidisciplinary perspective
Rajabi, M. R., Rezaei, M., Abdollahi, A., Gholi, Z., Mokhber, S., Farsani, G. M., Abdoli, D., Mousavi, S. D., Amini, H., & Ghandchi, M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34339 · Cited by 26
“Research has documented improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, insulin sensitivity, and hormonal balances post-surgery [13 – 15].”
BackgroundInfluentialLassailly, G., Caiazzo, R. J., Goemans, A., Chetboun, M., Gnemmi, V., Labreuche, J., Baud, G., Verkindt, H., Marciniak, C., Daoud, N. O., et al. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.10.025 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Aminian, A., Al-Kurd, A., Wilson, R., Bena, J., Fayazzadeh, H., Singh, T., Albaugh, V. L., Shariff, F. U., Rodriguez, N. A., Jin, J., Brethauer, S. A., Dasarathy, S., Alkhouri, N., Schauer, P. R., McCullough, A. J., & Nissen, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nissen, Steven E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2021-11-23
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2031
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC8587225
- OpenAlex
- W3214171772
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 51.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK061732)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, liver fibrosis, major adverse liver outcomes, major adverse cardiovascular events, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, cirrhosis progression, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, cardiovascular mortality, liver-related mortality, long-term outcomes, overlap weighting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biopsy, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Retrospective Studies, Incidence, Bariatric Surgery, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Propensity Score, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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