Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes — 5-Year Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term results from randomized, controlled trials that compare medical therapy with surgical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes are limited. METHODS: We assessed outcomes 5 years after 150 patients who had type 2 diabetes and a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 27 to 43 were randomly assigned to receive intensive medical therapy alone or intensive medical therapy plus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The primary outcome was a glycated hemoglobin level of 6.0% or less with or without the use of diabetes medications. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients who underwent randomization, 1 patient died during the 5-year follow-up period; 134 of the remaining 149 patients (90%) completed 5 years of follow-up. At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of the 134 patients was 49±8 years, 66% were women, the mean glycated hemoglobin level was 9.2±1.5%, and the mean BMI was 37±3.5. At 5 years, the criterion for the primary end point was met by 2 of 38 patients (5%) who received medical therapy alone, as compared with 14 of 49 patients (29%) who underwent gastric bypass (unadjusted P=0.01, adjusted P=0.03, P=0.08 in the intention-to-treat analysis) and 11 of 47 patients (23%) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (unadjusted P=0.03, adjusted P=0.07, P=0.17 in the intention-to-treat analysis). Patients who underwent surgical procedures had a greater mean percentage reduction from baseline in glycated hemoglobin level than did patients who received medical therapy alone (2.1% vs. 0.3%, P=0.003). At 5 years, changes from baseline observed in the gastric-bypass and sleeve-gastrectomy groups were superior to the changes seen in the medical-therapy group with respect to body weight (-23%, -19%, and -5% in the gastric-bypass, sleeve-gastrectomy, and medical-therapy groups, respectively), triglyceride level (-40%, -29%, and -8%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (32%, 30%, and 7%), use of insulin (-35%, -34%, and -13%), and quality-of-life measures (general health score increases of 17, 16, and 0.3; scores on the RAND 36-Item Health Survey ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health) (P<0.05 for all comparisons). No major late surgical complications were reported except for one reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Five-year outcome data showed that, among patients with type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 27 to 43, bariatric surgery plus intensive medical therapy was more effective than intensive medical therapy alone in decreasing, or in some cases resolving, hyperglycemia. (Funded by Ethicon Endo-Surgery and others; STAMPEDE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00432809 .).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recidivism in glycemia is typically observed across all interventions in diabetes, including pharmaceutical interventions.
“Although recidivism in glycemia is typically observed across all interventions in diabetes [4,5,6,29] including pharmaceutical interventions [3,37]”
From 5-Year effects of a novel continuous remote care model with carbohydrate-restricted nutrition therapy including nutritional ketosis in type 2 diabetes: An extension study (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
The Results (Primary End Point; page not provided) describe relapse of glycemic control across the trial’s groups, which included intensive medical therapy and two surgical procedures. That supports relapse occurring under these interventions, but this trial does not establish that it is typically observed across all diabetes interventions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMBS is proven superior to diet, exercise, and other lifestyle interventions in attaining significant and durable weight loss and improving obesity-related co-morbid conditions.
“MBS is proven superior to diet, exercise, and other lifestyle interventions in attaining significant and durable weight loss, and improving obesity-related co-morbid conditions in multiple observational and prospective studies [9, 32, 116].”
From 2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results (Weight Loss and Glycemic Control; page unavailable) report greater, sustained weight and glycemic improvements after surgery over five years. But the trial compared surgery plus intensive medical therapy with intensive medical therapy alone in patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI 27–43—not with diet or exercise alone. The Discussion (page unavailable) also says that benefits for clinical outcomes such as stroke or renal failure remain unestablished. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExpected benefits of metabolic surgery include improved quality of life, reduced cardiovascular events, and decreased risk of hepatocellular, colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers.
“In addition to weight reduction and decreased glycemia (with diabetes remission in some patients), expected benefits of metabolic surgery include improved quality of life, reduced cardiovascular events, and decreased risk of hepatocellular, colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers.14,123–126”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [123]
The Results (Quality of Life) and Discussion report better quality-of-life outcomes after surgery than after medical therapy at five years. The Discussion says the trial was too small and short to detect differences in cardiovascular events; it does not establish a reduction in those events. Our copy does not address risk reductions for the listed cancers. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral approaches have been reported to elicit T2D remission including surgery, intensive insulin therapy upon diagnosis, and nutrition therapy utilizing significant caloric and/or dietary carbohydrate restriction.
“Several approaches have been reported to elicit T2D remission including surgery, intensive insulin therapy upon diagnosis, and nutrition therapy utilizing significant caloric and/or dietary carbohydrate restriction [4][5][6][7].”
MBS yields superior diabetes improvement and weight loss in randomized controlled trials that include the subset of patients with BMI <35 kg/m2.
“Ikramuddin et al. [31] and Schauer et al. [32] demonstrated superior diabetes improvement and weight loss following MBS in randomized controlled trials that include the subset of patients with BMI <35 kg/m2.”
In people with type 2 diabetes, surgical weight loss proved more effective than pharmacotherapy in reducing or even resolving hyperglycemia and was further associated with a reduction in microvascular and macrovascular complications.
“In people with type 2 diabetes, surgical weight loss proved more effective than pharmacotherapy in reducing or even resolving hyperglycemia [90] and was further associated with a reduction in microvascular and macrovascular complications [91].”
From Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease? (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
Metabolic surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, are very effective interventions to achieve both weight and glycemic goals and have additional health benefits beyond improving metabolism.
“Metabolic surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, are very effective interventions to achieve both weight and glycemic goals and have additional health benefits beyond improving metabolism (162).”
From 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [162]
The first dedicated kidney outcome trial with a GLP-1RA (injectable semaglutide) demonstrated benefit in reducing major kidney disease events.
“The first dedicated kidney outcome trial with a GLP-1RA (injectable semaglutide) demonstrated benefit in reducing major kidney disease events.110”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [110]
The Methods (Trial Outcomes; page unavailable) describe a bariatric-surgery-versus-medical-therapy trial whose primary outcome was glycemic control. The Results (Renal Outcomes; page unavailable) report albumin-to-creatinine ratios, not major kidney disease events from a semaglutide trial. Searches for injectable semaglutide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and a dedicated kidney outcome trial found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe larger evidence base for surgical outcomes compared with AOMs may have shaped clinical preferences.
“The larger body of evidence supporting surgical outcomes compared to AOMs may have influenced clinical preferences (31–33).”
From Regional trends and disparities in newer <scp>GLP1</scp> receptor agonist initiation among real‐world adult patients eligible for obesity treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
Clinical trials of bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes have consistently shown improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, including better glycemic control, lower blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower triglyceride levels.
“clinical trials of bariatric surgery in patients with T2DM have consistently shown improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, including better glycemic control, lower blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower triglyceride levels”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [175]
Fifteen RCTs were identified comparing weight loss after bariatric surgery or medical therapy.
“Fifteen RCTs were identified comparing weight loss after bariatric surgery or medical therapy (5 reporting on RYGB, 3 on LAGB and the rest on mixed patient populations undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, BPD/DS, sleeve gastrectomy and/or banding) [21–35].”
In an extension of a semaglutide 2.4 mg trial, participants lost 17.3% of initial weight; discontinuation of the drug and associated lifestyle intervention led to regain of two-thirds of the lost weight in the ensuing year, with similar reversion in improvements of cardiometabolic variables.
“in an extension of a clinical trial of semaglutide 2.4mg in which participants lost 17.3% of their initial weight, discontinuation of the drug and associated lifestyle intervention led to regain of two-thirds of the lost weight in the ensuing year, with similar reversion in improvements of cardiometabolic variables.98”
From Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [98]
Visceral adipose tissue reduction following bariatric surgery rapidly decreases blood pressure.
“VAT reduction following bariatric surgery (for example, vertical sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) rapidly decreases BP16,17.”
From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Bariatric surgery is superior to medical/lifestyle interventions in the maintenance of weight loss and the remission of diabetes and dyslipidemia.
“Data from short- and long-term studies corroborate the superiority of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle interventions in the maintenance of weight loss and the remission of diabetes and dyslipidemia [117, 118].”
From Bariatric surgery: remission of inflammation, cardiometabolic benefits, and common adverse effects (2020) · cites this paper as [118]
This distinction may be a central reason for the wide difference in long-term weight loss response rates between negative energy balance approaches and bariatric surgery procedures.
“Indeed, this may be a central reason for the wide difference seen in long-term weight loss response rates between negative energy balance approaches and bariatric surgery procedures [117, 118].”
From Bariatric surgery: remission of inflammation, cardiometabolic benefits, and common adverse effects (2020) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery
Sjöström, L., Lindroos, A.-K., Peltonen, M., Torgerson, J., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., Dahlgren, S., Larsson, B., Narbro, K., Sjöström, C. D., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035622 · Cited by 4,457 · see citing works
Pan, X.-R., Li, G.-W., Hu, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Yang, W.-Y., An, Z.-X., Hu, Z.-X., Juan-Lin, Xiao, J.-Z., Cao, H.-B., et al. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.537 · Cited by 4,320 · see citing works
The rand 36‐item health survey 1.0
Hays, R. D., Sherbourne, C. D., & Mazel, R. M. (1993) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4730020305 · Cited by 2,893 · see citing works
Pories, W. J., Swanson, M. S., MacDonald, K. G., Long, S. B., Morris, P. G., Brown, B. M., Barakat, H. A., deRamon, R. A., Israel, G., Dolezal, J. M., et al. (1995) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199509000-00011 · Cited by 2,293 · see citing works
Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes
Schauer, P. R., Kashyap, S. R., Wolski, K., Brethauer, S. A., Kirwan, J. P., Pothier, C. E., Thomas, S., Abood, B., Nissen, S. E., & Bhatt, D. L. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200225 · Cited by 2,164 · see citing works
Self-citationBariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes — 3-Year Outcomes
Schauer, P. R., Bhatt, D. L., Kirwan, J. P., Wolski, K., Brethauer, S. A., Navaneethan, S. D., Aminian, A., Pothier, C. E., Kim, E. S. H., Nissen, S. E., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1401329 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
Self-citationDixon, J. B., O’Brien, P. E., Playfair, J., Chapman, L., Schachter, L. M., Skinner, S., Proietto, J., Bailey, M., & Anderson, M. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.3.316 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Outcomes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity
Schauer, P. R., Ikramuddin, S., GOURASH, W. F., Ramanathan, R. K., & Luketich, J. D. (2000) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200010000-00007 · Cited by 1,328 · see citing works
Self-citationMingrone, G., Panunzi, S., De Gaetano, A., Guidone, C., Iaconelli, A., Nanni, G., Castagneto, M., Bornstein, S., & Rubino, F. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00075-6 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Schauer, P. R., Burguera, B., Ikramuddin, S., Cottam, D., Gourash, W., Hamad, G., Eid, G. M., Mattar, S., Ramanathan, R., Barinas-Mitchel, E., et al. (2003) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000089851.41115.1b · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Self-citationSjöström, L., Peltonen, M., Jacobson, P., Ahlin, S., Andersson-Assarsson, J., Anveden, Å., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., Karason, K., Lönroth, H., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5988 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
Wittgrove, A. C., & Clark, G. W. (2000) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089200321643511 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Complications after laparoscopic gastric bypass: a review of 3464 cases.
Podnos, Y. D., Jimenez, J. C., Wilson, S. E., Stevens, C. M., & Nguyen, N. T. (2003) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/archsurg.138.9.957 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Cottam, D., Qureshi, F. G., Mattar, S. G., Sharma, S., Holover, S., Bonanomi, G., Ramanathan, R. C., & Schauer, P. R. (2006) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-005-0134-5 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Self-citationOne Thousand Health-Related Quality-of-Life Estimates
Tengs, T. O., & Wallace, A. E. (2000) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200006000-00004 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Results of 281 Consecutive Total Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypasses to Treat Morbid Obesity
DeMaria, E. J., Sugerman, H. J., Kellum, J. M., Meador, J. G., & Wolfe, L. G. (2002) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200205000-00005 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Brethauer, S. A., Aminian, A., Romero-Talamás, H., Batayyah, E., Mackey, J., Kennedy, L., Kashyap, S. R., Kirwan, J. P., Rogula, T., Kroh, M., et al. (2013) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3182a5034b · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Self-citationMortality and survival in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
Panzram, G. (1987) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00274216 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Early Worsening of Diabetic Retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
(1998) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.116.7.874 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Multi-purpose Bariatric Operation
Baltasar, A., Serra, C., Pérez, N., Bou, R., Bengochea, M., & Ferri, L. (2005) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/0960892055002248 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Survival
Arterburn, D. E., Olsen, M. K., Smith, V. A., Livingston, E. H., Van Scoyoc, L., Yancy, W. S., Eid, G., Weidenbacher, H., & Maciejewski, M. L. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16968 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity at eighteen years
Scopinaro, N., Gianetta, E., Adami, G., Friedman, D., Traverso, E., Marinari, G. M., Cuneo, S., Vitale, B., Ballari, F., Colombini, M., et al. (1996) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80111-5 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Courcoulas, A. P., Belle, S. H., Neiberg, R. H., Pierson, S. K., Eagleton, J. K., Kalarchian, M. A., DeLany, J. P., Lang, W., & Jakicic, J. M. (2015) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2015.1534 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Potential of Surgery for Curing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Rubino, F., & Gagner, M. (2002) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200211000-00003 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Initial management of glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Nathan, D. M. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp021106 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Results of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) at 1 Year in Morbidly Obese Korean Patients
Han, S. M., Kim, W. W., & Oh, J. H. (2005) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089205774859227 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review
Vest, A. R., Heneghan, H. M., Agarwal, S., Schauer, P. R., & Young, J. B. (2012) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301778 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationDixon, J. B., & O’Brien, P. E. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.358 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Cummings, D. E., Arterburn, D. E., Westbrook, E. O., Kuzma, J. N., Stewart, S. D., Chan, C. P., Bock, S. N., Landers, J. T., Kratz, M., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., et al. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3903-x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Effects of four maintenance programs on the long-term management of obesity
Perri, M. G., McAllister, D. A., Gange, J. J., Jordan, R. C., McAdoo, W. G., & Nezu, A. M. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.4.529 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Moderate Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Kashyap, S. R., Bhatt, D. L., Wolski, K., Watanabe, R. M., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., Abood, B., Pothier, C. E., Brethauer, S. A., Nissen, S. E., Gupta, M. K., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1596 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-adherence to cardiovascular medications
Kolandaivelu, K., Leiden, B. B., O’Gara, P. T., & Bhatt, D. L. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu364 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationHalperin, F., Ding, S.-A., Simonson, D. C., Panosian, J., GOEBEL-FABBRI, A. E., Wewalka, M., Hamdy, O., Abrahamson, M. J., Clancy, K. A., Foster, K., et al. (2014) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.514 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Outcome of Pregnancies after Biliopancreatic Diversion
Marceau, P., Kaufman, D., Biron, S., Hould, F., Lebel, S., Marceau, S., & Kral, J. G. (2004) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089204322917819 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Ikramuddin, S., Billington, C. J., Lee, W.-J., Bantle, J. P., Thomas, A. J., Connett, J. E., Leslie, D. B., Inabnet, W. B., Jeffery, R. W., Chong, K., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00089-3 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Liang, Z., Wu, Q., Chen, B., Yu, P., Zhao, H., & Ouyang, X. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.04.005 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Metz, J. A., Stern, J. S., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Reusser, M. E., Morris, C. D., Hatton, D. C., Oparil, S., Haynes, R. B., Resnick, L. M., Pi-Sunyer, F., et al. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.2150 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Pontiroli, A. E., Pizzocri, P., Librenti, M. C., Vedani, P., Marchi, M., Cucchi, E., Orena, C., Paganelli, M., Giacomelli, M., Ferla, G., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.8.8708 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Karason, K., Lindroos, A. K., Stenlöf, K., & Sjöström, L. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.12.1797 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Wentworth, J. M., Playfair, J., Laurie, C., Ritchie, M. E., Brown, W. A., Burton, P., Shaw, J. E., & O'Brien, P. E. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70066-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Parikh, M., Chung, M., Sheth, S., McMacken, M., Zahra, T., Saunders, J. K., Ude-Welcome, A., Dunn, V., Ogedegbe, G., Schmidt, A. M., et al. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000919 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ding, S.-A., Simonson, D. C., Wewalka, M., Halperin, F., Foster, K., GOEBEL-FABBRI, A. E., Hamdy, O., Clancy, K. A., Lautz, D. B., Vernon, A. H., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1443 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Uusitupa, M. I. J. (1996) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899608999106 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Paisey, R., Frost, J., Harvey, P., Paisey, A., Bower, L., Paisey, R., Taylor, P., & Belka, I. (2002) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-277x.2002.00342.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kashyap, S. R., Bhatt, D. L., & Schauer, P. R. (2009) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01172.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationO'Brien, P. E., Dixon, J. B., Laurie, C., Skinner, S., Proietto, J., McNeil, J., Strauss, B., Marks, S., Schachter, L., Chapman, L., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
ROSS, P. L., Littenberg, B., Fearn, P., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462303000138 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pharmacologic induction of weight loss to treat type 2 diabetes.
Redmon, J. B., Raatz, S. K., Kwong, C. A., Swanson, J. E., Thomas, W. T. B., & Bantle, J. P. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.6.896 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effect of Bariatric Surgery Versus Intensive Medical Management on Diabetic Ophthalmic Outcomes
Singh, R. P., Gans, R., Kashyap, S. R., Bedi, R., Wolski, K., Brethauer, S. A., Nissen, S. E., Bhatt, D. L., & Schauer, P. R. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-2035 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing treatment outcomes using utility assessment for health-related quality of life.
Kattan, M. W. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., Dalton, B. E., Duprey, J., Cruz, J. A., Hagins, H., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01301-6 · Cited by 4,681 · see citing works
“64 68 Both options involve close oversight and are unlikely to be scalable at a population level globally.”
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0033 · Cited by 3,518 · see citing works
Kleindorfer, D. O., Towfighi, A., Chaturvedi, S., Cockroft, K. M., Gutierrez, J., Lombardi-Hill, D., Kamel, H., Kernan, W. N., Kittner, S. J., Leira, E. C., et al. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000375 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement
Neeland, I. J., Ross, R., Després, J.-P., Matsuzawa, Y., Yamashita, S., Shai, I., Seidell, J., Magni, P., Santos, R. D., Arsenault, B., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30084-1 · Cited by 1,603 · see citing works
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001168 · Cited by 1,598 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5 · Cited by 1,455 · see citing works
Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Adults: A Review
Arterburn, D. E., Telem, D. A., Kushner, R. F., & Courcoulas, A. P. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12567 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
Cusi, K., Isaacs, S., Barb, D., Basu, R., Caprio, S., Garvey, W. T., Kashyap, S., Mechanick, J. I., Mouzaki, M., Nadolsky, K., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.010 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Self-citationEisenberg, D., Shikora, S. A., Aarts, E., Aminian, A., Angrisani, L., Cohen, R. V., De Luca, M., Faria, S. L., Goodpaster, K. P. S., Haddad, A., et al. (2022) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.013 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight and Metabolic Outcomes 12 Years after Gastric Bypass
Adams, T. D., Davidson, L. E., Litwin, S. E., Kim, J., Kolotkin, R. L., Nanjee, M. N., Gutierrez, J. M., Frogley, S. J., Ibele, A. R., Brinton, E. A., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1700459 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
KANALEY, J. A., COLBERG, S. R., CORCORAN, M. H., MALIN, S. K., RODRIGUEZ, N. R., CRESPO, C. J., KIRWAN, J. P., & ZIERATH, J. R. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002800 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Self-citationSalminen, P., Helmiö, M., Ovaska, J., Juuti, A., Leivonen, M., Peromaa-Haavisto, P., Hurme, S., Soinio, M., Nuutila, P., & Victorzon, M. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.20313 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
O’Brien, P. E., Hindle, A., Brennan, L., Skinner, S., Burton, P., Smith, A., Crosthwaite, G., & Brown, W. (2019) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-018-3525-0 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a nexus of metabolic and hepatic diseases
Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.002 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss
Maciejewski, M. L., Arterburn, D. E., Van Scoyoc, L., Smith, V. A., Yancy, W. S., Weidenbacher, H. J., Livingston, E. H., & Olsen, M. K. (2016) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2317 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Eisenberg, D., Shikora, S. A., Aarts, E., Aminian, A., Angrisani, L., Cohen, R. V., de Luca, M., Faria, S. L., Goodpaster, K. P. S., Haddad, A., et al. (2023) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06332-1 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
“Furthermore, data suggest that the benefits of RYGB on T2D and hypertension are greater in adolescents than adults [52–55].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationObstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetes
Reutrakul, S., & Mokhlesi, B. (2017) · Chest · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.05.009 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links
Hall, J. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., & Hall, M. E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0145-4 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Mechanick, J. I., Apovian, C., Brethauer, S., Garvey, W. T., Joffe, A. M., Kim, J., Kushner, R. F., Lindquist, R., Pessah-Pollack, R., Seger, J., et al. (2020) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2019.10.025 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citationLassailly, G., Caiazzo, R., Ntandja-Wandji, L.-C., Gnemmi, V., Baud, G., Verkindt, H., Ningarhari, M., Louvet, A., Leteurtre, E., Raverdy, V., et al. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.006 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation
Lingvay, I., Sumithran, P., Cohen, R. V., & le Roux, C. W. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01919-x · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.003 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Mingrone, G., Panunzi, S., De Gaetano, A., Guidone, C., Iaconelli, A., Capristo, E., Chamseddine, G., Bornstein, S. R., & Rubino, F. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32649-0 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Syn, N. L., Cummings, D. E., Wang, L. Z., Lin, D. J., Zhao, J. J., Loh, M., Koh, Z. J., Chew, C. A., Loo, Y. E., Tai, B. C., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00591-2 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Mechanick, J. I., Apovian, C., Brethauer, S., Garvey, W. T., Joffe, A. M., Kim, J., Kushner, R. F., Lindquist, R., Pessah-Pollack, R., Seger, J., et al. (2019) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/gl-2019-0406 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Self-citationAminian, A., Zajichek, A., Arterburn, D. E., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., Kattan, M. W., & Nissen, S. E. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.14231 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Self-citationLife expectancy after bariatric surgery in the Swedish obese subjects study
Carlsson, L. M. S., Sjöholm, K., Jacobson, P., Andersson-Assarsson, J. C., Svensson, P.-A., Taube, M., Carlsson, B., & Peltonen, M. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002449 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Di Lorenzo, N., Antoniou, S. A., Batterham, R. L., Busetto, L., Godoroja, D., Iossa, A., Carrano, F. M., Agresta, F., Alarçon, I., Azran, C., et al. (2020) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-020-07555-y · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Consensus report: definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes
Riddle, M. C., Cefalu, W. T., Evans, P. H., Gerstein, H. C., Nauck, M. A., Oh, W. K., Rothberg, A. E., le Roux, C. W., Rubino, F., Schauer, P., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0034 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Self-citationLeitner, D. R., Frühbeck, G., Yumuk, V., Schindler, K., Micic, D., Woodward, E., & Toplak, H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000480525 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Lingvay, I., Cohen, R. V., Roux, C. W. L., & Sumithran, P. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01210-8 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Aminian, A., Al-Kurd, A., Wilson, R., Bena, J., Fayazzadeh, H., Singh, T., Albaugh, V. L., Shariff, F. U., Rodriguez, N. A., Jin, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19569 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationJakobsen, G. S., Småstuen, M. C., Sandbu, R., Nordstrand, N., Hofsø, D., Lindberg, M., Hertel, J. K., & Hjelmesæth, J. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21055 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Arslanian, S., Bacha, F., Grey, M., Marcus, M. D., White, N. H., & Zeitler, P. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0052 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Bariatric Procedures for Weight Loss: A PCORnet Cohort Study
Arterburn, D., Wellman, R., Emiliano, A., Smith, S. R., Odegaard, A. O., Murali, S., Williams, N., Coleman, K. J., Courcoulas, A., Coley, R. Y., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-2786 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Arnold, S. V., Bhatt, D. L., Barsness, G. W., Beatty, A. L., Deedwania, P. C., Inzucchi, S. E., Kosiborod, M., Leiter, L. A., Lipska, K. J., Newman, J. D., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000766 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationSchiavon, C. A., Bersch-Ferreira, A. C., Santucci, E. V., Oliveira, J. D., Torreglosa, C. R., Bueno, P. T., Frayha, J. C., Santos, R. N., Damiani, L. P., Noujaim, P. M., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032130 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Ambery, P., Parker, V. E., Stumvoll, M., Posch, M. G., Heise, T., Plum-Moerschel, L., Tsai, L.-F., Robertson, D., Jain, M., Petrone, M., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30726-8 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor co-agonists for treating metabolic disease.
Baggio, L. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101090 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s008 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s008 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s008 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
The ketogenic diet: Pros and cons
O'Neill, B., & Raggi, P. (2020) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.021 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Doumouras, A. G., Wong, J. A., Paterson, J. M., Lee, Y., Sivapathasundaram, B., Tarride, J.-E., Thabane, L., Hong, D., Yusuf, S., & Anvari, M. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.052386 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s008 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function
Stadler, J. T., & Marsche, G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238985 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Miras, A. D., Pérez-Pevida, B., Aldhwayan, M., Kamocka, A., McGlone, E. R., Al-Najim, W., Chahal, H., Batterham, R. L., McGowan, B., Khan, O., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30157-3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents
Inge, T. H., Laffel, L. M., Jenkins, T. M., Marcus, M. D., Leibel, N. I., Brandt, M. L., Haymond, M., Urbina, E. M., Dolan, L. M., Zeitler, P. S., et al. (2018) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5763 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Courcoulas, A. P., Gallagher, J. W., Neiberg, R. H., Eagleton, E. B., DeLany, J. P., Lang, W., Punchai, S., Gourash, W., & Jakicic, J. M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease?
Huttasch, M., Roden, M., & Kahl, S. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155937 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
The role of bariatric surgery to treat diabetes: current challenges and perspectives
Koliaki, C., Liatis, S., le Roux, C. W., & Kokkinos, A. (2017) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-017-0202-6 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
O'Brien, R., Johnson, E., Haneuse, S., Coleman, K. J., O'Connor, P. J., Fisher, D. P., Sidney, S., Bogart, A., Theis, M. K., Anau, J., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-2383 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sharples, A. J., & Mahawar, K. (2020) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-019-04235-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Long term outcomes of metabolic/bariatric surgery in adults
Courcoulas, A. P., Daigle, C. R., & Arterburn, D. E. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071027 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s008 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Hypertension in Obesity and the Impact of Weight Loss
Cohen, J. B. (2017) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-017-0912-4 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Kalyani, R. R., Neumiller, J. J., Maruthur, N. M., & Wexler, D. J. (2025) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5956 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
le Roux, C. W., & Heneghan, H. M. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.011 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity
Kheniser, K., Saxon, D. R., & Kashyap, S. R. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab091 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationStefanakis, K., Kokkorakis, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156057 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Sarma, S., & Palcu, P. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23563 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Late Relapse of Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Not Rare, but Not a Failure
Aminian, A., Vidal, J., Salminen, P., Still, C. D., Nor Hanipah, Z., Sharma, G., Tu, C., Wood, G. C., Ibarzabal, A., Jimenez, A., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1057 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationMasse, K. E., & Lu, V. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1169624 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Twelve key nutritional issues in bariatric surgery
Thibault, R., Huber, O., Azagury, D. E., & Pichard, C. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.012 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Addressing Knowledge and Clinical Practice Gaps
Mechanick, J. I., Farkouh, M. E., Newman, J. D., & Garvey, W. T. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.046 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Benichou, O., Coskun, T., Gonciarz, M. D., Garhyan, P., Adams, A. C., Du, Y., Dunbar, J. D., Martin, J. A., Mather, K. J., Pickard, R. T., et al. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.011 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Insulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: What can be done?
Brown, A., Guess, N., Dornhorst, A., Taheri, S., & Frost, G. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
ASMBS updated position statement on bariatric surgery in class I obesity (BMI 30–35 kg/m2)
Aminian, A., Chang, J., Brethauer, S. A., & Kim, J. J. (2018) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2018.05.025 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationKhorgami, Z., Shoar, S., Saber, A. A., Howard, C. A., Danaei, G., & Sclabas, G. M. (2019) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-018-3552-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Aguilar-Olivos, N. E., Almeda-Valdes, P., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Uribe, M., & Méndez-Sánchez, N. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Aminian, A., Zajichek, A., Arterburn, D. E., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., Nissen, S. E., & Kattan, M. W. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2057 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcomes in bariatric and metabolic surgery: an updated 5-year review
Roth, A. E., Thornley, C. J., & Blackstone, R. P. (2020) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00389-8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review
Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8526 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Khera, R., Pandey, A., Chandar, A. K., Murad, M. H., Prokop, L. J., Neeland, I. J., Berry, J. D., Camilleri, M., & Singh, S. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.024 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes
Riddle, M. C., Cefalu, W. T., Evans, P. H., Gerstein, H. C., Nauck, M. A., Oh, W. K., Rothberg, A. E., le Roux, C. W., Rubino, F., Schauer, P., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab585 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationGut adaptation after metabolic surgery and its influences on the brain, liver and cancer
Sinclair, P., Brennan, D. J., & le Roux, C. W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0057-y · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Alqahtani, A. R., Elahmedi, M., Abdurabu, H. Y., & Alqahtani, S. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.678 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Obesity Treatment With Bariatric Surgery vs GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Barrett, T. S., Hafermann, J. O., Richards, S., LeJeune, K., & Eid, G. M. (2025) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.3590 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cardiovascular effects of bariatric surgery
Beamish, A. J., Olbers, T., Kelly, A. S., & Inge, T. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.162 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
English, W. J., & Williams, D. B. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.06.003 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Weight Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass Compared to Nonsurgical Treatment
Arterburn, D. E., Johnson, E., Coleman, K. J., Herrinton, L. J., Courcoulas, A. P., Fisher, D., Li, R. A., Theis, M. K., Liu, L., Fraser, J. R., et al. (2021) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000003826 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Sjöholm, K., Carlsson, L. M. S., Svensson, P.-A., Andersson-Assarsson, J. C., Kristensson, F., Jacobson, P., Peltonen, M., & Taube, M. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1335 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in the Medicare Population
Mentias, A., Aminian, A., Youssef, D., Pandey, A., Menon, V., Cho, L., Nissen, S. E., & Desai, M. Y. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.01.047 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPipek, L. Z., Moraes, W. A. F., Nobetani, R. M., Cortez, V. S., Condi, A. S., Taba, J. V., Nascimento, R. F. V., Suzuki, M. O., do Nascimento, F. S., de Mattos, V. C., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57724-5 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Guan, B., Chen, Y., Yang, J., Yang, W., & Wang, C. (2017) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2965-2 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Gil, S., Kirwan, J. P., Murai, I. H., Dantas, W. S., Merege‐Filho, C. A. A., Ghosh, S., Shinjo, S. K., Pereira, R. M. R., Teodoro, W. R., Felau, S. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12815 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise and bariatric surgery: an effective therapeutic strategy
Coen, P. M., Carnero, E. A., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2018) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000168 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Bariatric surgery: remission of inflammation, cardiometabolic benefits, and common adverse effects
Biobaku, F., Ghanim, H., Monte, S. V., Caruana, J. A., & Dandona, P. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa049 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
An evaluation of liraglutide including its efficacy and safety for the treatment of obesity
Lin, C.-H., Shao, L., Zhang, Y.-M., Tu, Y.-J., Zhang, Y., Tomlinson, B., Chan, P., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1695779 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Role of Momordica charantia in Resisting Obesity
Fan, M., Kim, E.-K., Choi, Y.-J., Tang, Y., & Moon, S.-H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183251 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nielsen, M. S., Ritz, C., Wewer Albrechtsen, N. J., Holst, J. J., le Roux, C. W., & Sjödin, A. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa061 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Schneider, J., Peterli, R., Gass, M., Slawik, M., Peters, T., & Wölnerhanssen, B. K. (2016) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2015.07.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Simon, R., & Lahiri, S. W. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2017-0221 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ndumele, C. E., Rodriguez, F., Dixon, D. L., Khan, S. S., Mukherjee, D., Bajaj, M., Bangalore, S., Bozkurt, B., Breathett, K., Clarke, S. L., et al. (2026) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Crawford, M. R., Pham, N. N., Khan, L. A., Bena, J. F., Schauer, P. R., & Kashyap, S. R. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2017-0072 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationDantas, W. S., Roschel, H., Murai, I. H., Gil, S., Davuluri, G., Axelrod, C. L., Ghosh, S., Newman, S. S., Zhang, H., Shinjo, S. K., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-1180 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAminian, A., Zajichek, A., Tu, C., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., Kattan, M. W., & Nissen, S. E. (2020) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004369 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes after Bariatric Surgery
Shah, A., & Laferrère, B. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.12.009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schauer, P. R., Bhatt, D. L., Kirwan, J. P., Wolski, K., Aminian, A., Brethauer, S. A., Navaneethan, S. D., Singh, R. P., Pothier, C. E., Nissen, S. E., & Kashyap, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2017-02-16
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 641-651
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC5451258
- OpenAlex
- W2915948028
- Cited by
- 2,934
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 243 · 2025: 253 · 2024: 265 · 2023: 278 · 2022: 300 · 2021: 364 · 2020: 370 · 2019: 313 · 2018: 287 · 2017: 172 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 320.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK089547)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, intensive medical therapy, HbA1c, long-term outcomes, weight loss, insulin requirement, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, obesity, diabetes remission, weight loss maintenance, randomized controlled trials, intention-to-treat analysis, five-year follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Gastrectomy, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides, Gastric Bypass, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
