Reports of Anaphylaxis After Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in the US—December 14, 2020-January 18, 2021

Safety monitoring in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)

Shimabukuro, T. T., Nguyen, M., Martin, D., & Destefano, F. R. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.035 · Cited by 627

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020

Oliver, S. E., Gargano, J. W., Marin, M., Wallace, M. M., Curran, K. G., Chamberland, M. E., McClung, N. M., Campos-Outcalt, D. E., Morgan, R. L., Mbaeyi, S. A., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6950e2 · Cited by 536

Anaphylaxis: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Rüggeberg, J. U., Gold, M., Bayas, J. M., Blum, M. D., Bonhoeffer, J., Friedlander, S. F., Brito, G. D. S., Heininger, U., Imoukhuede, E. B., Khamesipour, A., et al. (2007) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.064 · Cited by 383

Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19, by Age and Race and Ethnicity — United States, January 26–October 3, 2020

Rossen, L. M., Branum, A. M., Ahmad, F. B., Sutton, P., & Anderson, R. N. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e2 · Cited by 373

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Shimabukuro, T. T., & Nair, N. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0600 · Cited by 327

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020

Oliver, S. E., Gargano, J. W., Marin, M., Wallace, M. M., Curran, K. G., Chamberland, M. E., McClung, N. M., Campos-Outcalt, D. E., Morgan, R. L., Mbaeyi, S. A., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm695152e1 · Cited by 317

Vaccine-associated hypersensitivity

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Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 21, 2020–January 10, 2021

CDC COVID-19 Response Team, & Administration, F. A. D. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7004e1 · Cited by 270

Suspected Anaphylactic Reaction Following Second Dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) Coronavirus Vaccine in a Geriatric Female

Hong, A., & Sardinas, G. (2022) · HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine · doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1452

Short-Term Safety and Psychosocial Impact of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Cancer Patients—An Italian Single-Center Experience

Persano, I., Cani, M., Rio, B. D., Ferrari, G., Garbo, E., Parlagreco, E., Pisano, C., Cetoretta, V., Delcuratolo, M. D., Turco, F., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11010165

Anaphylaxis: from Bench to Bedside Issue: Current Update on Anaphylaxis

Gelincik, A. A. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161282903230208104942

Criminal Justice Issues and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0008

Litigation and Legal Challenges to Emergency Orders

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0006

Production, Regulation, and Distribution of COVID-19 Treatments and Vaccines

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0012

Foreword

Gostin, L. O. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0006

Risk, Impact, and Disadvantage

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0007

COVID-19, Law, and Regulation

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0001

About the Authors

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0008

List of Abbreviations

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0009

Past Legal and Regulatory Responses to Infectious Diseases

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0002

Domestic Laws and Emergency Measures

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0005

Law, Regulation, and Rights: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0013

Table of Legislation

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0011

A Global Emergency

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0003

Table of Cases

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0010

Dedication

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0004

Copyright Page

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0003

Civil Liability, Regulation, and Accountability

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0009

Preface and Acknowledgements

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.002.0005

COVID-19 and Workplace and Occupational Health and Safety

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0010

Development of COVID-19 Treatments and Vaccines

Bennett, B., Freckelton, I. R., & Wolf, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192896742.003.0011

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine skin testing and graded challenges in vaccine-hesitant patients

Heffes-Doon, A., Horne, N. S., Okpara, C. E., Akerman, M. B., & Fonacier, L. S. (2023) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2023.03.034

Evaluation of the Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines

Sheykhangafshe, F. B. (2022) · Epidemiology and Health System Journal · doi:10.34172/ijer.2022.25

Uveitis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: Is it real?

Murugan, S. B., & Somanath, A. (2023) · Indian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_3202_22

Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function after COVID-19 vaccination in adults

Wahdan, H., Biomy, R., & Haseeb, W. A. (2023) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.egy-s4-47

Vaccination approach in patients with an allergic reaction to COVID-19 vaccines or at risk of developing allergic reactions

Özden, Ş., Tepetam, F. M., & Atik, Ö. (2023) · Tuberkuloz ve Toraks · doi:10.5578/tt.20239920

Immunization in midlife

Brown, V. (2023) · Canadian Primary Care Today · doi:10.58931/cpct.2023.1213

Reações de hipersensibilidade a vacinas

Marinho, A. K. B. B., Antunes, A. A., Guimarães, B. N. A., Gerhardt, C. M. B., Valente, C. F. C., Anagusko, C. L. Y., SARINHO, E. S. C., Fernandes, F. R., Saciloto, G., Casado, G. F. Z., et al. (2023) · Arquivos de Asmas Alergia e Imunologia · doi:10.5935/2526-5393.20230002

Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines

Marinho, A. K. B. B., Antunes, A. A., Guimarães, B. N. A., Gerhardt, C. M. B., Valente, C. F. C., Anagusko, C. L. Y., SARINHO, E. S. C., Fernandes, F. R., Saciloto, G., Casado, G. F. Z., et al. (2023) · Arquivos de Asmas Alergia e Imunologia · doi:10.5935/2526-5393.20230002-en

P27: DELAYED‐ONSET ANAPHYLAXIS TO AN MRNA COVID‐19 VACCINE IN A PAEDIATRIC PATIENT

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COVID-19 booster vaccine acceptance following allergy evaluation in individuals with allergies

Stehlin, F., Khoudja, R., Al-Otaibi, I., ALMuhizi, F., Fein, M. N., Gilbert, L., Tsoukas, C. M., Ben‐Shoshan, M., Copaescu, A. M., & Isabwe, G. A. C. (2023) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.09.037

Reply to “comment on Post-vaccination incidence and side effects of COVID-19 in a cohort of Brazilian healthcare professionals: an internet-based survey”

Ballestero, M. F. M., de Souza, R. L. P., Sakae, T. M., da Costa, L. G. V., Furlanetti, L. L., & de Oliveira, R. S. (2023) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ce0572

Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Smokers and Diabetic Individuals: Unveiling the Efficacy and Unraveling Side Effects in Al Jouf Region, KSA

Hamza, M. O., Ganji, K. K., Bandela, V., Sonune, S. J., Dafaalla, A. H., Almutairi, H. A., Fatil, S., & Alessa, M. Y. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.49272

Autopsy and COVID-19

Watanabe, M., Usugi, E., Usui, M., Hayashi, A., HIROKAWA, Y. S., & Sobti, R. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3126-2_33

Detection of Over Expression of Adeb and Acrb –Tolc Efflux Systems Confers Ceftriaxone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Bumannii and Klebsiella Pneumoniae

AL-FAHDAWI, S. S., Khudhair, N., & Lyassin, H. A. (2023) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012164

Immunization against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review on the Leading Vaccines

Srinivasan, A., Rajesh, V., Thamilvanan, D., Ganesh, S. K., & Chandrasekaran, S. D. (2023) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/0126667975285709231219080802

Pharmacovigilance surveillance of menstrual cycle irregularities following primary and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine among Saudi females: A large cross-sectional analysis

Alanazi, A. S. (2023) · Journal of Medicine and Health Studies · doi:10.37881/jmahs.223

TINGKAT SEBARAN DAN PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI S1 FARMASI UNIVERSITAS BAKTI TUNAS HUSADA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN VAKSIN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN COVID-19

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Medical occurrence and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination outside of the hospital setting

Ferrari, F., Sodi, F., Madotto, F., Carlesso, E., Florio, G., Pelliccia, M. R., Laquintana, D., Bisesti, A., Piatti, A., Letzgus, M., et al. (2024) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-024-03641-4

mRNA Vaccine: The Starting Point of the Human Body Revolution

Jiang, W. (2024) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/4edpd319

Sex, Gender, and Other Factors That Influence Infections for Men and Women

Johnson, C. E., Baldwin, A. E., Bruner, L. P., Rohr-Kirchgraber, T. M., Lin-Greenberg, A., & Rosenthal, K. S. (2024) · Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/ipc.0000000000001405 · Cited by 1

Behcet's disease-related panuveitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

Lin, R.-T., Liu, P., Chang, C.-W., Cheng, K., Chen, K., & Chang, Y. (2024) · World Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4329/wjr.v16.i9.460

Incidence and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Skin Symptoms of Allergic Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines

Thanborisutkul, K., Kulalert, P., Methaset, K., Nanthapisal, S., Chunthatikul, T., Phangpanya, N., Charoenying, P., Atsawutmangkru, W., Srijaroen, S., Punyashthira, P., et al. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13030289

SARS-Coronavirus-2: The Unexpected Plague

Wilson, V. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87562-5_13

Allergy-like nocebo events reported with COVID-19 vaccines: a case control study

Brès, V., Fadhel, N. B., Trouillet, R., Broc, G., Chiriac, A. M., & Faillie, J. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2025.2497397

Association of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Vaccination in the Post-COVID Era

Sultan, K., Khan, S., Tariq, S., Maaz, M., Shahmina, & Akhund, I. I. (2025) · Indus journal of bioscience research. · doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1659

Safety of COVID-19 revaccination in patients with prior hypersensitivity reactions: a retrospective study

Mahathumnuchok, T., Koosakulchai, V., Sangsupawanich, P., Intapiboon, P., Rachatawiriyakul, P., Sangiemchoey, A., Kaewpiboon, K., & Yuenyongviwat, A. (2025) · Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines · doi:10.1186/s40794-025-00266-z

6 important truths about COVID-19 vaccines

Lynch, S. E., & Nagaraju, K. (2021) · doi:10.64628/aai.a6934rkum

Vaccine Injury

Kazama, I. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40858-8_502-1

Managing allergy-related COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A multi-methods analysis of practitioner notes and referral outcomes

Clarke, R. M., O'Hickey, S. P., Walklet, E., Bradley, E., & Mahoney, B. (2025) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2025.2561457

High levels of nonblocking anti-interferon and anticytokine autoantibodies in individuals with mRNA vaccine–induced systemic allergic reactions

Kalaycıoğlu, M., Feng, A., Dhingra, S., Khalid, M. B., Nadeau, K. C., Utz, P. J., & Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio, P. A. (2025) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global · doi:10.1016/j.jacig.2025.100622

Construction of Spleen-Accumulated Polysorbate 20-Containing Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery

Liu, H., Li, S., Chen, K., Yao, S., Tang, X., & Han, X. (2025) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano15241844

Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid review

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Additional file 2 of The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa

Osuagwu, U. L., Mashige, K. P., Ovenseri-Ogbomo, G., Envuladu, E. A., Abu, E. K., Miner, C. A., Timothy, C. G., Ekpenyong, B. N., Langsi, R., Amiebenomo, O. M.-A., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22606067

Additional file 1 of The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa

Osuagwu, U. L., Mashige, K. P., Ovenseri-Ogbomo, G., Envuladu, E. A., Abu, E. K., Miner, C. A., Timothy, C. G., Ekpenyong, B. N., Langsi, R., Amiebenomo, O. M.-A., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22606064

Combinational adjuvants delivered by ink-jet potentiate naked mRNA vaccines for robust protection against infectious diseasesPreprint

Qiao, N., Ishikawa, J., Yasui, F., Sano, K., Miyakawa, K., Hayashi, A., Amiry, A. F., Haonan, L., Xueyang, Z., Sato, T., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.24.696305

Factors affecting menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in Korean women of reproductive age: an exploratory correlational study

Lee, S., Bae, K.-E., & Park, H.-J. (2025) · Women s Health Nursing · doi:10.4069/whn.2025.12.09

Association between nucleic acid COVID-19 vaccines and acute myocardial infarction in adults: a systematic review

Castellanos-Hernández, D. I., Mayoral-Chávez, M. A., Matias‐Cervantes, C. A., & Alpuche, J. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1752169

Nanochemistry in Vaccine Delivery: Lipid Nanoparticles, Polymers, and Hybrid Systems

Chandipwisa, C., Shimilimo, A., Zenda, T., & Banda, H. (2026) · Sciences of Pharmacy · doi:10.58920/sciphar0501525

Predicting cardiovascular and neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights from a comprehensive review

Sannathimmappa, M. B., Nambiar, V., & Satti, S. (2026) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03269

LNP-mRNA immunogenicity and toxicity

Thalla, M., Pasika, S. R., Bulusu, R., Reddy, D. S., Mundrathi, V., & Shukla, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45006-8.00008-2

Évaluer la balance bénéfices-risques des médicaments

Cracowski, J., Molimard, M., Richard, V. J., Roustit, M., & Khouri, C. (2026) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2026040

Optimising a mRNA Vaccine platform against HIV-1 : from the in vitro transcription design to envelope protein expression

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Cationic nanolipoplexes for high-performance mRNA transfection at the nasal mucosa

Dechbumroong, P., Lapmanee, S., Keaswejjareansuk, W., Yimsoo, T., Treesuppharat, W., Ariyachayut, A., Liang, X.-J., Namdee, K., & Zhu, M. (2026) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2026.115089

Prevention of mRNA vaccine-induced anaphylaxis by peripheral cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an anti-PEG hyperimmune pig model: clinical relevance for nanomedicine-induced infusion reactionsPreprint

Barta, B. A., Radovits, T., Dobos, A. B., Spiesshofer, S., Toth, A., Kornev, G., Gabizon, A., Merkely, B., & Szebeni, J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.27.727997

Cardiac arrhythmias following COVID-19 vaccination: insights from the U.S. vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS), December 2020—January 2025, United States

Lu, Y., Jiang, H., & Ding, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1762082

Rationally Modified SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs ACE2 Binding While Preserving Immunogenicity in Mice

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Vaccine Injury

Kazama, I. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11375-7_502

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine Across the Sub‐Saharan African Region: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Ekpenyong, B. N., Mashige, K. P., Osuagwu, U. L., Ishaya, T., Ovenseri-Ogbomo, G. O., Charwe, D. D., Timothy, C. G., Abu, E. K., Oloruntoba, R., Miner, C. A., et al. (2026) · Advances in Public Health · doi:10.1155/adph/6621930

Protein Corona in Nanomedicine: Regulatory Science, Translational Barriers, and the Path Toward Evidence-Based Characterization Frameworks

Sahu, A., & Fatima, S. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation · doi:10.1007/s12247-026-10972-6

The Role of Vaccines in Complementing Antiviral Treatments and Reducing Viral Spread

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Nanotechnology-Enabled Vaccines for Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV, and Dengue: Translational Evidence and Implementation in the Global South

Mohamed, A. A., Khairy, A., Nageh, M., Mohamed, A. A., Hemida, M. F., Aisha, M., Ahmed, M., Dixon, L., & Alnasser, Y. S. (2026) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano16201326

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Shimabukuro, T. T., & Nair, N. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0600 · Cited by 327

Allergic Reactions to the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines: Early Reports

Baum, S. G. (2021) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/nejm-jw.na53087 · Cited by 2

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 21, 2020–January 10, 2021

CDC COVID-19 Response Team, & Administration, F. A. D. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7004e1 · Cited by 270

Anaphylaxis to vaccinations: A review of the literature and evaluation of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations

Kuder, M. M., Lang, D. M., & Patadia, D. D. (2021) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.88a.ccc075 · Cited by 10

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020

CDC COVID-19 Response Team, & Administration, F. A. D. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7002e1 · Cited by 481