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World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants
Abstract
This JAMA Special Communication presents the 2024 revision of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, a set of principles to guide the ethical treatment of participants in medical research.
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“The study adhered to established ethical guidelines [3] and received approval from the relevant Institutional Review Board (IRB).”
From How Do Human Creators Embrace Human-AI Co-Creation? A Perspective on Human Agency of Screenwriters (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“The study was conducted after approval from the ethics committees of the local committee of the Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, Tunisia, with reference number Sp-0030⁄2024 dated 10 February 2024. The study was carried out in accordance with the latest Declaration of Helsinki [50].”
In the citing paper
“The study followed widely recognized ethical frameworks [5], prioritizing the safety, rights, and dignity of all participants.”
From Understanding Screenwriters' Practices, Attitudes, and Future Expectations in Human-AI Co-Creation (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“SPIRIT 2025 encompasses and builds upon recommendations from the International Council for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice E6(R3) guidance36 and 2024 Declaration of Helsinki,32 including the Declaration of Helsinki’s requirement that the protocol address potential conflicts of interest and provision of post-trial care.”
From SPIRIT 2025 statement: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- World Medical Association
- Corresponding author
- World Medical Association
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2025-01-07
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4403560518
- Cited by
- 1,695
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1088 · 2025: 579
- FWCI
- 697.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Keywords
- Declaration of Helsinki, research ethics, human subjects research, informed consent, medical research ethics, World Medical Association
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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