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Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1978 Through 1981: The National Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Study
Abstract
From 1977 to 1981, 18,642 cases of bacterial meningitis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed data from 27 states with full participation from 1978 through 1981.Hemophilus influenzaewas the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis (48.3%), followed byNeisseria meningitidis(19.6%) andStreptococcus pneumoniae(13.3%). Overall attack rates for males were greater than for females (3.3 v 2.6 cases per 105 population per year). Attack rates were highest in children under 1 year of age (76.7 per 105 population per year). Case-fatality ratios were highest for gram-negative and miscellaneous causes of bacterial meningitis (33.7%) and lowest for meningitis caused byH influenzae(6.0%).Neisseria meningitidisandS pneumoniaemeningitis occurred preponderantly during the winter, whileH influenzaemeningitis had peak activity in the spring and fall. Ampicillin resistance amongH influenzaeincreased from 18.7% in 1978, to 23.9% in 1981. SerogroupB Neisseria meningitidiswas the most common serogroup identified during the reporting period (51.1%), followed by serogroup C (22.3%), serogroup Y (5.8%), and serogroup A (4.7%) infections. (JAMA1985;253:1749-1754)
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“Prior to the availability of H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in the United States, H. influenzae accounted for 45 to 48% of all cases of bacterial meningitis (276, 344); it now accounts for only 7% of cases (281, 305).”
From Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis (2010) · cites this paper as [276]
In the citing paper
“The overall attack rate was 3.0 cases per 100,000 population with variability based on age (76.7 cases per 100,000 for children under 1 year of age), race, and sex (males versus females of 3.3 versus 2.6 cases per 100,000, respectively).”
From Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis (2010) · cites this paper as [276]
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Cited by
Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults -- A Review of 493 Episodes
Durand, M. L., Calderwood, S. B., Weber, D. J., Miller, S. I., Southwick, F. S., Caviness, V. S., & Swartz, M. N. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199301073280104 · Cited by 1,344
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Brouwer, M. C., Tunkel, A. R., & van de Beek, D. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00070-09 · Cited by 930
Decline of Childhood Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Disease in the Hib Vaccine Era
Adams, W. G. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500020055031 · Cited by 696
Dando, S. J., Mackay-Sim, A., Norton, R., Currie, B. J., St. John, J. A., Ekberg, J. A. K., Batzloff, M., Ulett, G. C., & Beacham, I. R. (2014) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00118-13 · Cited by 428
Santosham, M., Wolff, M., Reid, R., Hohenboken, M., Bateman, M., Goepp, J., Cortese, M., Sack, D., Hill, J., Newcomer, W., et al. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199106203242503 · Cited by 283
Metadata
- Authors
- Schlech, W. F.
- Corresponding author
- Schlech, Walter F.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1985-03-22
- Volume
- 253
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1749
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W7214150807
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Keywords
- bacterial meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, case fatality rate, seasonal variation, serogroups, ampicillin resistance, attack rate, infants under one year, United States
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1978 Through 1981: The National Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.1985.03350360075022
- The paper
- Schlech, W. F. (1985). Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1978 Through 1981: The National Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Study. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350360075022
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
