The DOI matches its OpenAlex record.
Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship
Abstract
We shall outline four models of the physician-patient interaction, emphasizing the different understandings of (1) the goals of the physician-patient interaction, (2) the physician's obligations, (3) the role of patient values, and (4) the conception of patient autonomy. To elaborate the abstract description of these four models, we shall indicate the types of response the models might suggest in a clinical situation. Third, we shall also indicate how these models inform the current debate about the ideal physician-patient relationship. Finally, we shall evaluate these models and recommend one as the preferred model.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Charles, C., Gafni, A., & Whelan, T. (1997) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00221-3 · Cited by 4,137
Charles, C., Gafni, A., & Whelan, T. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00145-8 · Cited by 2,333
An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters
Makoul, G., & Clayman, M. L. (2006) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.010 · Cited by 1,621
The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: principles, practice, and scientific inquiry
Borrell-Carrio, F. (2004) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.245 · Cited by 1,546
Interacting with cancer patients: the significance of physicians' communication behavior
Arora, N. K. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00449-5 · Cited by 661
Metadata
- Authors
- Emanuel, E. J.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1992-04-22
- Volume
- 267
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2221
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4236935986
- Cited by
- 510
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.267.16.2221
- The paper
- Emanuel, E. J. (1992). Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.16.2221
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
