The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 11 of the 22 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium
Open accessAbstract
Multicenter retrospective cohort of 3,283 patients who survived repair for simple TOF; 25-year survival after repair was 94.5%, with analysis of patient- and surgery-associated risk factors affecting survival.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
41 Own result · 6 Own method · 6 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 3 Supported · 3 Sources not found · 2 No full text of the sources · 2 No basis given · 1 Supported so far · 1 Not supported · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“There are also important limitations in the use of NDI for ascertainment of COD as highlighted by some comparison studies of assigned COD between NDI-based vs direct review methods.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Strengths and Limitations
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [27] 27. Olubowale OT, Safford MM, Brown TM, et al. Comparison of expert adjudicated coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality with the national death index: results from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5): e004966. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004966 source
The Introduction explains that NDI cause-of-death classifications may disagree with expert adjudication using medical records and other available information. The Discussion reports substantial CHD and CVD misclassification and advises caution when using NDI alone to determine cause of death. This supports the cited sentence's point about limitations identified through comparison with direct review. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“More specifically, NDI data tended to overestimate coronary disease as the COD, especially in older patients with multiple comorbidities.27”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Strengths and Limitations
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [27] 27. Olubowale OT, Safford MM, Brown TM, et al. Comparison of expert adjudicated coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality with the national death index: results from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5): e004966. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004966 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that older participants were more likely to have a CHD death recorded by NDI when expert adjudicators found another cause. It does not support the added claim that this occurred especially in patients with multiple comorbidities; it instead says disagreement was less likely among participants with a history of CHD or CVD. The Discussion also reports similar overall mortality rates despite classification discrepancies, so the overestimation finding is best confined to older participants. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Linkage of the PCCC to the registries of the National Death Index (NDI) and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) extends the follow-up time of PCCC-enrolled persons for major outcomes with nearly 90% sensitivity and almost 100% specificity for death and transplant events.14,15”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [14] 14. Spector LG, Menk JS, Vinocur JM, et al; In-Hospital Vital Status and Heart Transplants After Intervention for Congenital Heart Disease in the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium. In-hospital vital status and heart transplants after intervention for congenital heart disease in the pediatric cardiac care consortium: completeness of ascertainment using the National Death Index and United Network for Organ Sharing Datasets. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(8):e003783. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.003783 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites [15] 15. Spector LG, Menk JS, Knight JH, et al. Trends in long-term mortality after congenital heart surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(21):2434-2446. doi:10. 1016/j.jacc.2018.03.491 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“with the exception of the high incidence of deaths from unintentional injury and suicides, which were not confirmed in our cohort.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] 10. Chiu SN, Wang JK, Chen HC, et al. Long-term survival and unnatural deaths of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in an Asian cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(1):120-125. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963603 source
The Results report eight late deaths from accidents or suicide and a significantly higher rate of unnatural deaths than in the age-comparable Taiwanese population. The Importance of Unnatural Deaths section gives the combined accident-or-suicide mortality rate as more than twice that of the general population. The statement that this finding was not confirmed in the citing authors’ cohort is their own comparison, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The rates of sudden death and heart failure in our cohort are similar to those reported in other studies.9,18”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [9] 9. Nollert G, Fischlein T, Bouterwek S, Böhmer C, Klinner W, Reichart B. Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of Fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the first year after surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(5):1374- 1383. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(97)00318-5 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that sudden cardiac death remained the major cause of late death after tetralogy of Fallot repair. The follow-up passage (page unavailable) reports symptoms of congestive heart failure, but it does not establish a comparable heart-failure rate; the source also cannot assess similarity to the citing authors’ cohort. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Partly supportedcites [18] 18. Nørgaard MA, Lauridsen P, Helvind M, Pettersson G. Twenty-to-thirty-seven-year follow-up after repair for Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(2):125-130. doi:10.1016/ S1010-7940(99)00137-2 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports seven late sudden deaths and says that incidence was identical to that in another study. Table 1 lists deaths involving heart failure, but our copy does not compare heart-failure rates with other studies. Nor can this source establish whether either rate is similar to the citing authors’ own cohort. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The CODs in our cohort were similar to those reported in a study from Taiwan, 10”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] 10. Chiu SN, Wang JK, Chen HC, et al. Long-term survival and unnatural deaths of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in an Asian cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(1):120-125. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963603 source
The Results (page unavailable) report causes of late death in a Taiwanese cohort with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, including cardiovascular causes, accidents, and suicide. The cited paper supports the attribution of those cause-of-death findings; the comparison with the citing authors’ own cohort is their conclusion, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twenty-five-year survival following TOF repair was 94.5%.”
- Also stated in: § Long-term Survival After Complete TOF Repair · plain
“Overall long-term transplant-free survival following discharge alive after TOF repair was 98.6%, 97.8%, 97.1%, 95.5%, and 94.5% at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 25 years after repair (Figure 1A).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Abstract
plainn = 3,283- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Long-term Survival After Complete TOF Repair · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the survival of those with a genetic abnormality was significantly disadvantaged compared with those without during the whole postoperative study period (Figure 2E).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Factors Associated With Long-term Mortality
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In-hospital mortality following TOF repair was 4.1% and occurred more commonly in infants, patients weighing less than 2.5 kg (proxy for prematurity) at repair, patients with prior shunt palliation, in earlier surgical eras (1982-1989 and 1999-2000), and concurrent genetic syndrome (Table 1).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > In-Hospital Mortality After TOF Repair
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(2) a late period with low but steadily increasing hazard beyond 6 years following repair and with acceleration around 20 years postoperatively.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Long-term Survival After Complete TOF Repair
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earlier surgical eras had an inverse association with the chances of survival in the early postoperative phase, indicating higher residual postoperative morbidity, which is consistent with previous reports.8,9,17,19”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] 8. Hickey EJ, Veldtman G, Bradley TJ, et al. Late risk of outcomes for adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot from an inception cohort spanning four decades. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;35(1):156- 164. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.06.050 source
- Disputedcites [9] 9. Nollert G, Fischlein T, Bouterwek S, Böhmer C, Klinner W, Reichart B. Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of Fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the first year after surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(5):1374- 1383. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(97)00318-5 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Survival according to date of operation” (page unavailable), the paper says operative and 1-year mortality were exactly the same before and after 1970. It reports improved long-term survival in the later era, not an early postoperative survival disadvantage in the earlier era; the passage does not establish higher residual postoperative morbidity. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. Cuypers JA, Menting ME, Konings EE, et al. Unnatural history of tetralogy of Fallot: prospective follow-up of 40 years after surgical correction. Circulation. 2014;130(22):1944-1953. doi:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009454 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] 19. Kim H, Sung SC, Kim SH, et al. Early and late outcomes of total repair of tetralogy of Fallot: risk factors for late right ventricular dilatation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013;17(6):956-962. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivt361 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In regards to the use of valve vs nonvalve-sparing approach, prior studies detected no significant difference in long-term survival between patients treated with transannular patch (TAP) vs those with valve-sparing operation despite less valve replacements in the valve-sparing group.23,24”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] 23. Kim GS, Han S, Yun TJ. Pulmonary annulus preservation lowers the risk of late postoperative pulmonary valve implantation after the repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36(2):402- 408. doi:10.1007/s00246-014-1021-4 source
- Supportedcites [24] 24. Luijten LW, van den Bosch E, Duppen N, et al. Long-term outcomes of transatrial-transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(3):527-534. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezu182 source
The Abstract reports no significant difference in overall survival between the transannular-patch (TP) and non-TP groups at 10 and 25 years (P = 0.958). The Long-term outcomes section reports significantly fewer pulmonary valve replacements in the non-TP group: 1 of 159 patients versus 51 of 294 in the TP group (P < 0.001). The comparison is specifically among patients who underwent transatrial-transpulmonary repair. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This difference may be associated with local factors and the relatively small number of patients and death events in the Taiwanese study, limiting generalization for reported COD in categories with relatively rare events.10”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [10] 10. Chiu SN, Wang JK, Chen HC, et al. Long-term survival and unnatural deaths of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in an Asian cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(1):120-125. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963603 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most frequent CODs outside CHD/CVD were external causes (n = 16 [11%]), other medical causes (n = 19 [13.1%]), other congenital anomalies (n = 10 [6.9%]), and neoplasms (n = 5 [3.5%]).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death
plainn = 19- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cardiovascular disease, without reference to TOF, accounted for 15.2% of deaths (n = 22), while 41.4% (n = 60) were assigned to a non-CHD/non-CVD condition.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death
plainn = 22- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three thousand one hundred sixty-eight underwent primary repair, while 726 had a staged approach with initial shunt followed by repair.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Results
plainn = 3,894- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In-hospital mortality following TOF repair was 4.1% and occurred more commonly in infants, patients weighing less than 2.5 kg (proxy for prematurity) at repair, patients with prior shunt palliation, in earlier surgical eras (1982-1989 and 1999-2000), and concurrent genetic syndrome (Table 1).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > In-Hospital Mortality After TOF Repair
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over a median follow-up period of 18.5 years (maximum, 33 years; IQR, 14.6-22.4years), 145 deaths (3 following transplant) and 5 transplants occurred.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Results
plainn = 3,283- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A more rapid early mortality was noted for those who underwent repair in the earliest era, but long-term survival was similar across all eras (Figure 2F).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Factors Associated With Long-term Mortality
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is also a trend toward increased mortality in the subgroup undergoing right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit placement, at a time when procedures for an outgrown conduit are expected to take place, but the relatively small number of this group limits conclusions.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the study period, there was a trend toward earlier primary repair (aged <1 year), but otherwise, there was no significant difference in the use of staged vs primary repair or between valve-sparing vs non-valve-sparing strategies (eTable 1 in the Supplement).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Results
plainn = 3,894- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of these, 3283 patients had direct identifiers available and compose the cohort submitted to the NDI/OPTN, while 450 had insufficient identifiers and were excluded.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Results
plainn = 3,283- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This group experienced a higher number of deaths 2 to 4 years after TOF repair compared with the other non-valve-sparing patients, but the number of events is too small to detect a significant difference in long-term survival (eFigure 2 in the Supplement).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Factors Associated With Long-term Mortality
plaincorrelationaln = 88- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the PCCC cohort, the late-phase survival and COD have not substantially changed over time.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insert: zoomed view of the hazard function that shows the trough of the hazard around 6 years followed by a slow steady increase throughout the follow-up period.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hazard function shows an early peaking hazard that rapidly decreases during the first year and reaches a minimum at 4 years following discharge followed by an increasing late hazard period through 30 years following TOF repair.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients with repaired TOF have a biphasic hazard for mortality, an early steep hazard during the first 4 years after TOF repair, and a late hazard with a slow increase in mortality after 6 years and acceleration 20 years later.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Staged repair and non-valve-sparing operation were both associated with increased early-phase hazard for death following repair, ultimately translating to worsened long-term survival.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Non-valve-sparing operation exposes patients to a higher likelihood of subsequent reoperation and perioperative complications.
In the paper
“Survival in the PCCC cohort exceeds 94% at 25 years after TOF repair, which is comparable with single-center US and international registry studies reporting 30-year survival between 80% and 98%.[7][8][9]17”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7][8][9]17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The large number of participating centers in the PCCC allows us to leverage center variation in the TOF surgical strategy and compare the effectiveness of each strategy in a quasiexperimental design based on center and regional variation.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Extrapolating to our study, it is possible that some of the deaths in the TOF population may have been misclassified.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Strengths and Limitations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary strengths of our study are the large number of patients and participating centers as well as the length of follow-up.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Strengths and Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The data highlight the shortcomings of early repair, staged, and non-valve-sparing approaches in the early period following repair.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, there is limited information regarding the status of the RVOT following surgery.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Strengths and Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Type of surgical RVOT reconstruction and valve approach were assigned by the respective PCCC surgical codes; manual review of operative notes was performed when ambiguity existed.”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Data Collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (PCCC) is the oldest and one of the largest clinical registries for interventions for congenital heart disease in the United States.[11][12][13]”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11][12][13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Non-valve-sparing operation exposes patients to a higher likelihood of subsequent reoperation and perioperative complications.
“Patients with non-valve-sparing approach are exposed to higher likelihood for subsequent reoperation and perioperative complications.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The risk-benefit balance of VS procedures compared with TAP remains unclear in this setting even if studies3,16,17,18,19,20 based on multicenter surgical registries found increased survival and decreased reintervention rates among patients who underwent a VS procedure compared with those who underwent TAP.”
From Comparison of Long-term Outcomes of Valve-Sparing and Transannular Patch Procedures for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Smith et al3 found that patients with TAP had a 3.5-fold increased risk of undergoing a PVR compared with patients who did not undergo TAP.”
From Comparison of Long-term Outcomes of Valve-Sparing and Transannular Patch Procedures for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The 2019 Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium study3 reported an overall survival of 94.5% and a 3.8-fold increased risk of mortality for the non-VS group.”
From Comparison of Long-term Outcomes of Valve-Sparing and Transannular Patch Procedures for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Causes of Death After TOF Repair
“Hazard function shows an early peaking hazard that rapidly decreases during the first year and reaches a minimum at 4 years following discharge”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Long-term Survival After Complete TOF Repair
“an early postdischarge period with high hazard that decreases rapidly before reaching a minimum at 6 years following discharge”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Factors Associated With Long-term Mortality
“Stratified transplant-free survival patterns (Figure 2A-F) demonstrated a rapid decrease in survival in the first 2 years following repair for those undergoing staged repair and non-valve-sparing repair, resulting in a long-term survival advantage over single-stage and valve-sparing approaches throughout the subsequent 20 years (Figure 2C and D, respectively).”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Patterns of Long-term Survival After TOF Repair
“Staged repair and non-valve-sparing operation were both associated with increased early-phase hazard for death following repair, ultimately translating to worsened long-term survival.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Factors Associated With Long-term Mortality
“non-valve-sparing approach (HR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.53-9.91)”
§ Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium > Residual Risk After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair
“| Non-valve-sparing operation | 3.76 (1.53-9.19) | .004 |”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, C. A., McCracken, C., Thomas, A. S., Spector, L. G., St Louis, J. D., Oster, M. E., Moller, J. H., & Kochilas, L.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine
- Corresponding author
- Kochilas, Lazaros
- Venue
- JAMA Cardiology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2019-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34
- ISSN
- 2380-6583 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6439686
- OpenAlex
- W2904473257
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 8.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL122392)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Keywords
- tetralogy of Fallot, long-term survival, transplant-free survival, cyanotic congenital heart disease, surgical repair, staged repair, genetic abnormalities, mortality risk factors, pediatric cardiac surgery
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cardiac Care Facilities, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Pediatrics, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tetralogy of Fallot, United States, Cohort Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Young Adult
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