Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be documented in various tissues, but the frequency of cardiac involvement as well as possible consequences are unknown. Objective: To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the myocardial tissue from autopsy cases and to document a possible cardiac response to that infection. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used data from consecutive autopsy cases from Germany between April 8 and April 18, 2020. All patients had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swab tests. Exposures: Patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in cardiac tissue as well as CD3+, CD45+, and CD68+ cells in the myocardium and gene expression of tumor necrosis growth factor α, interferon γ, chemokine ligand 5, as well as interleukin-6, -8, and -18. Results: Cardiac tissue from 39 consecutive autopsy cases were included. The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 85 (78-89) years, and 23 (59.0%) were women. SARS-CoV-2 could be documented in 24 of 39 patients (61.5%). Viral load above 1000 copies per μg RNA could be documented in 16 of 39 patients (41.0%). A cytokine response panel consisting of 6 proinflammatory genes was increased in those 16 patients compared with 15 patients without any SARS-CoV-2 in the heart. Comparison of 15 patients without cardiac infection with 16 patients with more than 1000 copies revealed no inflammatory cell infiltrates or differences in leukocyte numbers per high power field. Conclusions and Relevance: In this analysis of autopsy cases, viral presence within the myocardium could be documented. While a response to this infection could be reported in cases with higher virus load vs no virus infection, this was not associated with an influx of inflammatory cells. Future investigations should focus on evaluating the long-term consequences of this cardiac involvement.
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The SARS-CoV-2 genome has been detected by PCR in cardiac tissues from autopsies of patients with COVID-19, suggesting the virus can infect the heart.
“The SARS-CoV-2 genome has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cardiac tissues from autopsies of patients with COVID-19, 20,21 suggesting the virus can infect the heart.”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
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- Authors
- Lindner, D., Fitzek, A., Bräuninger, H., Aleshcheva, G., Edler, C., Meissner, K., Scherschel, K., Kirchhof, P., Escher, F., Schultheiss, H.-P., Blankenberg, S., Püschel, K., & Westermann, D.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Westermann, Dirk
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Cardiology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-11-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1281
- ISSN
- 2380-6583 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7385672
- OpenAlex
- W3045195423
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 191 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 100 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 22.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, myocardial infection, cardiac involvement, autopsy findings, viral load, cytokine gene expression, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration, myocardium
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Autopsy, Female, Germany, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Male, Myocarditis, Myocardium, Peptide Fragments, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Cohort Studies, Interleukin-6, Incidence, Interleukin-8, Chemokines, Viral Load, Interleukin-18, Cardiovascular Infections, Pandemics
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