Trends of Myocarditis and Endocarditis Cases before, during, and after the First Complete COVID-19-Related Lockdown in 2020 in France
Open accessAbstract
Background. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalization for cardiac infections is not well known. We aimed to evaluate the nationwide trends in hospital stays for myocarditis and endocarditis cases before, during and after the nationwide lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic in France. We then aimed to describe the proportion of myocarditis and endocarditis patients with and without COVID-19 and their clinical characteristics. Methods. Hospitalized cases of cardiac infection were extracted from the French National Discharge database, which collects the medical records of all patients discharged from all public and private hospitals in France. Age, sex, and available cardiovascular risk factors were compared between stays with and without COVID-19 during the lockdown. Results. The number of myocarditis cases was 11% higher in 2020, compared to the average of the three prior years. In 2020, 439 of 3727 cases of myocarditis were associated with COVID-19. For endocarditis, there was an increase in cases by 7% in 2020 versus prior years. For endocarditis, 3% (240 of 8128 cases) of patients with endocarditis had COVID-19. For myocarditis, older age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and atrial fibrillation were more frequent in patients with COVID-19 than in those without. For endocarditis, only hypertension was more frequent in patients with COVID-19 than in those without. Conclusion. Our study reports an increase in hospitalizations for both myocarditis and endocarditis in 2020, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, the trends differ according to the COVID-19 status. Knowledge of the factors associating myocarditis or endocarditis and COVID-19 may improve the quality and the type of monitoring for people with COVID-19, the identification of patients at risk of cardiac infections, and the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Myocarditis occurs predominantly in male patients aged 12 to 40 years regardless of whether the cause was virus-like SARS-CoV-2 or associated with a vaccine.
“Importantly, the findings highlight that myocarditis occurs predominantly in male patients aged 12 to 40 years regardless of whether the cause was due to a virus-like SARS-CoV-2 or associated with a vaccine-a demographic that has been reported before COVID-19.”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [105]
Table 1 reports a male majority among myocarditis patients with and without COVID-19, and the Discussion describes reported post-vaccination cases in a predominantly male, young population. But the paper does not establish that patients aged 12–40 predominate regardless of cause: Table 1 gives mean ages of 61.1 years for COVID-19 patients and 50.2 years for non-COVID-19 patients. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMyocarditis typically occurs more often in young men aged 16 to 30 years, and the sex ratio for COVID-19 studies is typically observed to be 60% men to 40% women.
“Myocarditis typically occurs more often in young men aged 16 to 30 years, and the sex ratio for COVID-19 studies is typically observed to be 60% men to 40% women.”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [105]
Table 1 (page unavailable) shows that men made up 67.7% of myocarditis patients with COVID-19 and 58.4% of those without it, supporting a male predominance but not a typical 60:40 ratio across COVID-19 studies. Section 3.3 reports mean ages of 61 and 50 years, respectively; the paper does not establish that myocarditis typically occurs in men aged 16–30. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCOVID-19-associated myocarditis occurs more often in men than women (60%-70% men to 30%-40% women).
“Similarly, myocarditis associated with COVID-19 occurs more often in men than in women (60%-70% men to 30%-40% women). 103-105”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Pommier, T., Benzenine, E., Bernard, C., Mariet, A.-S., Béjot, Y., Giroud, M., Morgant, M.-C., Steinmetz, E., Guenancia, C., Bouchot, O., & Quantin, C.
- Affiliations
- Université de Bourgogne (FR)
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Department of Cardiology, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- Corresponding author
- Pommier, Thibaut
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedicines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-05-25
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1231
- ISSN
- 2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9219624
- OpenAlex
- W4281486301
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- French National Research Agency (ANR-20-COV1-0005-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- myocarditis, endocarditis, COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, hospitalization trends, cardiac infection, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, SARS-CoV-2
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