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Cited by 27Nutritional Studies and DietDiet and metabolism studiesAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Effect of a Plant-Based vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet on Weight and Lipid Levels Among African American Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle M., Wilcox, Sara, Frongillo, Edward A., Murphy, E. Angela, Hutto, Brent, Wilson, Mary, Davey, Marty, Bernhart, John A. +3 more·2023·JAMA Network Open
DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50626PMC PMC9857469
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Abstract

Importance: More African American individuals die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than any other chronic disease condition. Despite this disparity, African American individuals are underrepresented in nutrition and CVD interventions. Objective: To compare the effects of an entirely plant-based (vegan) or low-fat omnivorous (omni) diet on change in body weight and lipids during a 2-year intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Nutritious Eating With Soul (NEW Soul) study was a 2-year, randomized clinical trial conducted in 2 cohorts (2018-2020 and 2019-2021) that took place in a university teaching kitchen in Columbia, South Carolina (before March 2020), and via online videoconference sessions (after March 2020). Participants included African American adults aged 18 to 65 years with overweight or obesity (body mass index of 25.0-49.9) and without type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled thyroid disease, recent weight loss, or pregnancy. Data assessors and statisticians were blinded to study condition. Data analysis was performed from March to June 2022. Interventions: The intervention included weekly nutrition classes for 6 months biweekly classes for 6 months, and monthly classes for 12 months. Dietary interventions either emphasized no animal product intake (vegan) or a low-fat omnivorous diet (omni). Both dietary patterns emphasized soul food cuisine (traditional African American southern foodways). Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes included change in body weight and lipid measures at 12 months. Results: There were 568 participants who completed an online screening questionnaire; 409 were excluded and 159 were randomized (77 to the vegan group and 82 to the omni group). Of the 159 participants (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [10.6] years; 126 female [79%]) who began the study, the main outcome of body weight was obtained for 121 participants (76%) at 12 months. There were no differences in outcomes between groups, including 12-month changes in weight (mean, –2.39 kg [95% CI, –3.48 to –1.30 kg] for the vegan group vs –2.03 kg [95% CI, –3.07 to –1.00 kg] for the omni group; P = .64), total cholesterol (–1.05 mg/dL [95% CI, –9.60 to 7.50 mg/dL] for the vegan group vs 1.66 mg/dL [95% CI, –7.20 to 10.50 mg/dL] for the omni group; P = .67), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean, –2.56 mg/dL [95% CI, –9.52 to 4.40 mg/dL] for the vegan group vs –0.79 mg/dL [95% CI, –7.98 to 6.40 mg/dL] for the omni group; P = .73). Weight loss at 12 months among cohort 1, whose weight was assessed in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, was significantly greater than that for cohort 2, whose weight was assessed summer 2020 during COVID-19 (–3.45 kg [95% CI, –4.67 to –2.22 kg] vs –1.24 kg [95% CI, –2.24 to –0.25 kg]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial examining weight loss and CVD risk factor reduction among African American adults, there were no differences between the groups, and the magnitude of changes overall was small. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03354377

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  • A recently completed 2-year dietary intervention trial among African Americans randomized to a vegan or low-fat omnivorous diet found improvements in body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

    “Our results also mirror a recently completed 2-year dietary intervention trial among African Americans randomized to a vegan or low-fat omnivorous diet, finding improvements in body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors.39”

    From Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [39]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [3]Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB,; GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377(1): 13- 27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362 28604169 PMC5477817 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [13]Miller A. Soul Food: The Surprising Story of an American Cuisine, One Plate at a Time. UNC Press Books; 2013.
  3. [29]Sequist TD. The disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on communities of color. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery. July 6, 2020. Accessed June 23, 2021. https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.20.0370 · DOI

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Authors
Turner-McGrievy, G. M., Wilcox, S., Frongillo, E. A., Murphy, E. A., Hutto, B., Wilson, M., Davey, M., Bernhart, J. A., Okpara, N., Bailey, S., & Hu, E.
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
  • University of South Carolina (US)
ORCID
Venue
JAMA Network Open
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2023-01-12
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
e2250626
ISSN
2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50626
PMC
PMC9857469
OpenAlex
W4315706052
Cited by
27
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6
FWCI
6.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL135220)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Keywords
plant-based diet, vegan diet, soul food, African American adults, obesity, overweight, weight change, serum lipids, nutrition education, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary intervention, teaching kitchen, racial disparities in cardiovascular disease, dietary adherence, cooking skills
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Adult, Black or African American, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Lipids, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pregnancy, Weight Loss, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Pandemics

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