Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health
Open accessAbstract
Plant-based diets, defined in terms of low frequency of animal food consumption, have been increasingly recommended for their health benefits. Numerous studies have found plant-based diets, especially when rich in high quality plant foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, to be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes and intermediate risk factors. This review summarizes the current evidence base examining the associations of plant-based diets with cardiovascular endpoints, and discusses the potential biological mechanisms underlying their health effects, practical recommendations and applications of this research, and directions for future research. Healthful plant-based diets should be recommended as an environmentally sustainable dietary option for improved cardiovascular health.
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Abundant evidence from observational and intervention studies indicates that vegan diets are associated with improved cardiovascular health and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.
“Abundant evidence from observational and intervention studies7,8,9,10,11,12,13 indicates that vegan diets are associated with improved cardiovascular health and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, likely because of the higher daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, legumes, whole grains and nuts, and seeds compared with other different types of dietary patterns.14”
From Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The Associations with cardiovascular endpoints and intermediate risk factors section reports lower cardiovascular risk in observational studies of vegetarian or plant-based diets and improved risk factors in intervention studies. It does not establish those findings specifically for vegan diets, and it notes that randomized trials have not examined hard cardiovascular endpoints. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAt a population level, wider adoption of a culturally appropriate dietary pattern that is higher in plant foods and lower in animal foods can promote health and environmental benefits.
“At a population level, wider adoption of a culturally appropriate dietary pattern that is higher in plant foods and lower in animal foods can promote health and environmental benefits.3,4,10,52”
From Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Diets emphasizing whole, minimally processed foods—such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and lean protein sources—have been consistently associated with a reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [164–167].”
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“These effects are attributed to the diets' low saturated fat and high potassium content [5].”
- Authors
- Satija, A., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Frank B.
- Venue
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 437-441
- ISSN
- 1050-1738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6089671
- OpenAlex
- W2790192129
- Cited by
- 550
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060712, R01HL118264)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA095589)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- plant-based diet, cardiovascular health, cardiovascular risk, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, dietary recommendations, biological mechanisms, environmental sustainability of diets, animal product consumption
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Healthy, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Risk Factors, Diet, Vegetarian, Risk Reduction Behavior, Protective Factors
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