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Prevalence of ESR1 Mutations in Cell-Free DNA and Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the BOLERO-2 Clinical Trial

Open access
Chandarlapaty, Sarat, Chen, David, He, Wei, Sung, Patricia, Samoila, Aliaksandra, You, Daoqi, Bhatt, Trusha, Patel, Parul, Voi, Maurizio, Gnant, Michael, Hortobagyi, Gabriel, Baselga, José, Moynahan, Mary Ellen·2016·JAMA Oncology

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Estrogen receptor α (ESR1) mutations found in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) promote ligand-independent receptor activation and resistance to estrogen-deprivation therapy in laboratory models. The prevalence of these mutations and their potential impact on clinical outcomes has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of ESR1 mutations (Y537S and D538G) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MBC and determine whether mutation is associated with inferior outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From December 16, 2014, to August 26, 2015, we analyzed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from baseline plasma samples from participants in the BOLERO-2 double-blind phase 3 study that randomized patients from 189 centers in 24 countries with MBC to exemestane plus placebo or exemestane plus everolimus. The study enrolled postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of MBC and prior exposure to an aromatase inhibitor. Baseline plasma samples were available from 541 of 724 patients (74.7%). We assessed the effect of mutation on overall survival of the population and the effect of mutation on progression-free survival (PFS) by treatment arm. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to treatment with exemestane (25 mg oral daily) together with everolimus (10 mg oral daily) or with placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The 2 most frequent mutations in ESR1 (Y537S and D538G) were analyzed from cfDNA using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and samples scored as wild-type, D538G, Y537S, or double mutant. Cox-proportional hazards model was used to assess PFS in patient subgroups defined by mutations, and the effect of each mutation on overall survival. RESULTS: Of 541 evaluable patients, 156 (28.8%) had ESR1 mutation D538G (21.1%) and/or Y537S (13.3%), and 30 had both. These mutations were associated with shorter overall survival (wild-type, 32.1 months [95% CI, 28.09-36.40 months]; D538G, 25.99 months [95% CI, 19.19-32.36 months]; Y537S, 19.98 months [13.01-29.31 months]; both mutations, 15.15 months [95% CI, 10.87-27.43 months]). The D538G group (hazard ratio, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.02-0.57]) derived a similar PFS benefit as wild type from addition of everolimus to exemestane. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: ESR1 mutations are prevalent in ER-positive aromatase inhibitor-treated MBC. Both Y537S and D538G mutations are associated with more aggressive disease biology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00863655.

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Metadata

Authors
Chandarlapaty, S., Chen, D., He, W., Sung, P., Samoila, A., You, D., Bhatt, T., Patel, P., Voi, M., Gnant, M., Hortobagyi, G., Baselga, J., & Moynahan, M. E.
Venue
JAMA Oncology
Published
2016-10-01
Volume
2
Issue
10
Pages
1310
ISSN
2374-2437 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2514365970
Cited by
494
References
15
FWCI
47.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prevalence of ESR1 Mutations in Cell-Free DNA and Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the BOLERO-2 Clinical Trial. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1279
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Chandarlapaty, S., Chen, D., He, W., Sung, P., Samoila, A., You, D., Bhatt, T., Patel, P., Voi, M., Gnant, M., Hortobagyi, G., Baselga, J., & Moynahan, M. E. (2016). Prevalence of ESR1 Mutations in Cell-Free DNA and Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the BOLERO-2 Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1279

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