Survival Outcomes in Patients With Previously Untreated BRAF Wild-Type Advanced Melanoma Treated With Nivolumab Therapy: Three-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Open accessAbstract
Importance: This analysis provides long-term follow-up in patients with BRAF wild-type advanced melanoma receiving first-line therapy based on anti-programmed cell death 1 receptor inhibitors. Objective: To compare the 3-year survival with nivolumab vs that with dacarbazine in patients with previously untreated BRAF wild-type advanced melanoma. Design, Setting, and Participants: This follow-up of a randomized phase 3 trial analyzed 3-year overall survival data from the randomized, controlled, double-blind CheckMate 066 phase 3 clinical trial. For this ongoing, multicenter academic institution trial, patients were enrolled from January 2013 through February 2014. Eligible patients were 18 years or older with confirmed unresectable previously untreated stage III or IV melanoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 but without a BRAF mutation. Interventions: Patients were treated until progression or unacceptable toxic events with nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus dacarbazine-matched placebo every 3 weeks) or dacarbazine (1000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks plus nivolumab-matched placebo every 2 weeks). Main Outcome and Measure: Overall survival. Results: At minimum follow-ups of 38.4 months among 210 participants in the nivolumab group (median age, 64 years [range, 18-86 years]; 57.6% male) and 38.5 months among 208 participants in the dacarbazine group (median age, 66 years [range, 25-87 years]; 60.1% male), 3-year overall survival rates were 51.2% (95% CI, 44.1%-57.9%) and 21.6% (95% CI, 16.1%-27.6%), respectively. The median overall survival was 37.5 months (95% CI, 25.5 months-not reached) in the nivolumab group and 11.2 months (95% CI, 9.6-13.0 months) in the dacarbazine group (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36-0.59; P < .001). Complete and partial responses, respectively, were reported for 19.0% (40 of 210) and 23.8% (50 of 210) of patients in the nivolumab group compared with 1.4% (3 of 208) and 13.0% (27 of 208) of patients in the dacarbazine group. Additional analyses were performed on outcomes with subsequent therapies. Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 15.0% (31 of 206) of nivolumab-treated patients and in 17.6% (36 of 205) of dacarbazine-treated patients. There were no deaths due to study drug toxic effects. Conclusions and Relevance: Nivolumab led to improved 3-year overall survival vs dacarbazine in patients with previously untreated BRAF wild-type advanced melanoma. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01721772.
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“2 months.(22) Weber compared nivolumab (3 mg/kg q2 w) with chemotherapy chosen by investigators (dacarbazine or carbopla-”
MethodB cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanomaPreprint
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Uncoupling Therapeutic Efficacy from Immune-Related Adverse Events in Immune Checkpoint Blockade
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“Immunotherapy has achieved substantial improvement in the overall survival of patients with cancer [1-3].”
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“Indeed, DTIC was used as a control drug for clinical trials estimating the efficacy of nivolumab [23,24], vemurafenib [25] or dabrafenib [27].”
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- Authors
- Ascierto, P. A., Long, G. V., Robert, C., Brady, B., Dutriaux, C., Di Giacomo, A. M., Mortier, L., Hassel, J. C., Rutkowski, P., McNeil, C., Kalinka-Warzocha, E., Savage, K. J., Hernberg, M. M., Lebbé, C., Charles, J., Mihalcioiu, C., Chiarion-Sileni, V., Mauch, C., Cognetti, F., Ny, L., Arance, A., Svane, I. M., Schadendorf, D., Gogas, H., Saci, A., Jiang, J., Rizzo, J., & Atkinson, V.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale" (IT)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Institut Gustave Roussy (FR)
- Cabrini Hospital (AU)
- Université de Bordeaux (FR)
- UOC Oncological Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
- Inserm (FR)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (PL)
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- BC Cancer Agency (CA)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Centre d’Investigation Clinique, University Paris Diderot INSERM U976, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- McGill University (CA)
- Melanoma Cancer Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
- University Hospital Cologne (DE)
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena (IT)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ascierto, Paolo A.
- ORCID
- Ascierto, Paolo A.
- Long, Georgina V.
- Robert, Caroline
- Dutriaux, Caroline
- Mortier, Laurent
- Hassel, Jessica C.
- Rutkowski, Piotr
- McNeil, Catriona
- Savage, Kerry J.
- Hernberg, Micaela M.
- Charles, Julie
- Mihalcioiu, Catalin
- Mauch, Cornelia
- Cognetti, Francesco
- Ny, Lars
- Arance, Ana
- Svane, Inge Marie
- Schadendorf, Dirk
- Gogas, Helen
- Saci, Abdel
- Atkinson, Victoria
- Venue
- JAMA Oncology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2019-02-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187
- ISSN
- 2374-2437 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6439558
- OpenAlex
- W2898510820
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 17.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Keywords
- BRAF wild-type melanoma, advanced melanoma, nivolumab, dacarbazine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, first-line therapy, overall survival, long-term follow-up, complete response, partial response, treatment-related adverse events, immunotherapy, progression-free survival, treatment discontinuation
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Nivolumab, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dacarbazine, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Skin Neoplasms, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Young Adult
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