The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men vs Women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: When men are depressed they may experience symptoms that are different than what is included in the current diagnostic criteria. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether sex disparities in depression rates disappear when alternative symptoms are considered in the place of, or in addition to, more conventional depression symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally represented mental health survey, we evaluated sex differences in symptom endorsement in 2 new scales that included alternative depression symptoms. We analyzed sex differences in symptom endorsement using 2-sided, design-based, .05-level t tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of depression. RESULTS; Men reported higher rates of anger attacks/aggression, substance abuse, and risk taking compared with women. Analyses using the scale that included alternative, male-type symptoms of depression found that a higher proportion of men (26.3%) than women (21.9%) (P = .007) met criteria for depression. Analyses using the scale that included alternative and traditional depression symptoms found that men and women met criteria for depression in equal proportions: 30.6% of men and 33.3% of women (P = .57). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: When alternative and traditional symptoms are combined, sex disparities in the prevalence of depression are eliminated. Further study is needed to clarify which symptoms truly describe men's experiences of depression.
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“as men have a higher rate of minimizing self-reported symptoms due to societal ideals of masculinity (Martin et al., 2013), it is possible that symptoms are minimized by this patient group.”
From Time in treatment: Examining mental illness trajectories across inpatient psychiatric treatment (2020) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“epidemiological studies indicate that there is a higher prevalence of depression among women, however, this may result from a skewed diagnosis due to clinical scales of depression measuring symptoms that occur more frequently among women21.”
From Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The list of symptoms and signs in Table 1 - almost identical to that proposed by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) since its 3rd edition (DSM-III) 50 -is based on the best available evidence.”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“A further symptom, 'diminished drive,' outperformed almost all those that are currently listed, and should probably be added to the list. 51”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“'Hopelessness about the future,' the only symptom included in the ICD-11 but not in the DSMs, performed more strongly than about half of the DSM symptoms and signs in differentiating depressed from non-depressed subjects. 51”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Men and women show different symptoms of depression and methods of coping.”
From Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity (2018) · cites this paper as [120]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, L. A., Neighbors, H. W., & Griffith, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan–Dearborn (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Martin, Lisa A.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1100
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133574018
- Cited by
- 674
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 86.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, sex differences, anger attacks, aggression, substance abuse, risk-taking, diagnostic criteria, depression prevalence, National Comorbidity Survey Replication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Characteristics, Logistic Models, Symptom Assessment
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