The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men vs Women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: When men are depressed they may experience symptoms that are different than what is included in the current diagnostic criteria. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether sex disparities in depression rates disappear when alternative symptoms are considered in the place of, or in addition to, more conventional depression symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally represented mental health survey, we evaluated sex differences in symptom endorsement in 2 new scales that included alternative depression symptoms. We analyzed sex differences in symptom endorsement using 2-sided, design-based, .05-level t tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of depression. RESULTS; Men reported higher rates of anger attacks/aggression, substance abuse, and risk taking compared with women. Analyses using the scale that included alternative, male-type symptoms of depression found that a higher proportion of men (26.3%) than women (21.9%) (P = .007) met criteria for depression. Analyses using the scale that included alternative and traditional depression symptoms found that men and women met criteria for depression in equal proportions: 30.6% of men and 33.3% of women (P = .57). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: When alternative and traditional symptoms are combined, sex disparities in the prevalence of depression are eliminated. Further study is needed to clarify which symptoms truly describe men's experiences of depression.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“as men have a higher rate of minimizing self-reported symptoms due to societal ideals of masculinity (Martin et al., 2013), it is possible that symptoms are minimized by this patient group.”
From Time in treatment: Examining mental illness trajectories across inpatient psychiatric treatment (2020) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“epidemiological studies indicate that there is a higher prevalence of depression among women, however, this may result from a skewed diagnosis due to clinical scales of depression measuring symptoms that occur more frequently among women21.”
From Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The list of symptoms and signs in Table 1 - almost identical to that proposed by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) since its 3rd edition (DSM-III) 50 -is based on the best available evidence.”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“A further symptom, 'diminished drive,' outperformed almost all those that are currently listed, and should probably be added to the list. 51”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“'Hopelessness about the future,' the only symptom included in the ICD-11 but not in the DSMs, performed more strongly than about half of the DSM symptoms and signs in differentiating depressed from non-depressed subjects. 51”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Men and women show different symptoms of depression and methods of coping.”
From Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity (2018) · cites this paper as [120]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications
Cortina, J. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98 · Cited by 8,810
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Kessler, R. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g · Cited by 2,207 · cited 3×
“Addis7 proposes 4 conceptual frameworks within the existing literature that address how gender shapes men’s experiences, expressions, and reactions to depression: (1) the sex differences framework, (2) the masked depression framework, (3) the masculine depression framework, and (4) the gendered response framework.”
BackgroundAddis, M. E. (2008) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00125.x · Cited by 403
Kessler, R. C., Coccaro, E. F., D, M. F. M., Jaeger, S. A., Jin, R., & Walters, E. E. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.669 · Cited by 392
Pennell, B., Bowers, A., Carr, D., Chardoul, S., Cheung, G.-Q., Dinkelmann, K., Gebler, N., Hansen, S. E., Pennell, S., & Torres, M. E. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.180 · Cited by 284
Social Selection in Seeking Help for Psychological Problems
Greenley, J. R., & Mechanic, D. (1976) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136546 · Cited by 248
Bebbington, P. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797006065 · Cited by 246
The Gotland Male Depression Scale: A validity study in patients with alcohol use disorder
Zierau, F., Bille, A., Rutz, W., & Bech, P. (2002) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480260242750 · Cited by 224
The Masculine Depression Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation.
Magovčević, M., & Addis, M. E. (2008) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.9.3.117 · Cited by 216
D, M. F. M., Hwang, I., Rush, A. J., Sampson, N. A., Walters, E. E., & Kessler, R. C. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.20 · Cited by 206
Gender-sensitive recommendations for assessment and treatment of depression in men
Cochran, S. V., & Rabinowitz, F. E. (2003) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.34.2.132 · Cited by 190
Anger Attacks in Depression – Evidence for a Male Depressive Syndrome
Winkler, D., Pjrek, E., & Kasper, S. F. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000086321 · Cited by 184
Strickland, B. R. (1992) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10769766 · Cited by 158
Gender Differences in the Relapse Experiences of Cocaine Patients
McKay, J. R., Rutherford, M. J., Cacciola, J. S., Kabasakalian-McKay, R., & Alterman, A. I. (1996) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199610000-00006 · Cited by 157
Is there evidence for a male depressive syndrome in inpatients with major depression?
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M., Ronald Bottlender, A., Strauß, A., & Rutz, W. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00051-x · Cited by 115
The pain behind the mask: overcoming masculine depression
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1846 · Cited by 45
Gender Differences in the Relationship of Anger and Depression in a Clinical Sample
Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R., Gray, E. A., & Simpson, D. B. (2006) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00391.x · Cited by 36
Shiels, C., Gabbay, M., Dowrick, C. F., & Hulbert, C. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.3.239 · Cited by 24
Chu, C., Chen, C.-Y., Huang, T.-H., Chen, Y., Jiang, J.-R., & Hsieh, M.-L. (2009) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2009.08.136 · Cited by 3
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission
Herrman, H., Patel, V., Kieling, C., Berk, M., Buchweitz, C., Cuijpers, P., Furukawa, T. A., Kessler, R. C., Kohrt, B. A., Maj, M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02141-3 · Cited by 1,104
The role of masculinity in men's help-seeking for depression: A systematic review
Seidler, Z. E., Dawes, A. J., Rice, S. M., Oliffe, J. L., & Dhillon, H. M. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.002 · Cited by 1,093
Sex differences in stress-related psychiatric disorders: neurobiological perspectives
Bangasser, D. A., & Valentino, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.008 · Cited by 737
Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare
Cirillo, D., Catuara-Solarz, S., Morey, C., Guney, E., Subirats, L., Mellino, S., Gigante, A., Valencia, A., Rementeria, M. J., Chadha, A. S., et al. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0288-5 · Cited by 553
Sex differences in depression: Insights from clinical and preclinical studies
Eid, R. S., Gobinath, A. R., & Galea, L. A. M. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006 · Cited by 486
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, L. A., Neighbors, H. W., & Griffith, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan–Dearborn (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Martin, Lisa A.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1100
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133574018
- Cited by
- 674
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 86.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, sex differences, anger attacks, aggression, substance abuse, risk-taking, diagnostic criteria, depression prevalence, National Comorbidity Survey Replication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Characteristics, Logistic Models, Symptom Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
