Cited by 386Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchStress Responses and CortisolTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Assessment of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk

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Eraly, Satish A., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Maihofer, Adam X., Barkauskas, Donald A., Biswas, Nilima, Agorastos, Agorastos, O’Connor, Daniel T., Baker, Dewleen G.·2014·JAMA Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374PMC PMC4032578

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated in cross-sectional studies with peripheral inflammation. It is not known whether this observed association is the result of PTSD predisposing to inflammation (as sometimes postulated) or to inflammation predisposing to PTSD. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma concentration of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) helps predict PTSD symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Marine Resiliency Study, a prospective study of approximately 2600 war zone-deployed Marines, evaluated PTSD symptoms and various physiological and psychological parameters before deployment and at approximately 3 and 6 months following a 7-month deployment. Participants were recruited from 4 all-male infantry battalions imminently deploying to a war zone. Participation was requested of 2978 individuals; 2610 people (87.6%) consented and 2555 (85.8%) were included in the present analysis. Postdeployment data on combat-related trauma were included for 2208 participants (86.4% of the 2555 included) and on PTSD symptoms at 3 and 6 months after deployment for 1861 (72.8%) and 1617 (63.3%) participants, respectively. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Severity of PTSD symptoms 3 months after deployment assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). RESULTS: We determined the effects of baseline plasma CRP concentration on postdeployment CAPS using zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINBR), a procedure designed for distributions, such as CAPS in this study, that have an excess of zeroes in addition to being positively skewed. Adjusting for the baseline CAPS score, trauma exposure, and other relevant covariates, we found baseline plasma CRP concentration to be a highly significant overall predictor of postdeployment CAPS scores (P = .002): each 10-fold increment in CRP concentration was associated with an odds ratio of nonzero outcome (presence vs absence of any PTSD symptoms) of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.15-1.97; P = .003) and a fold increase in outcome with a nonzero value (extent of symptoms when present) of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.99-1.14; P = .09). CONCLUSIONS: AND RELEVANCE A marker of peripheral inflammation, plasma CRP may be prospectively associated with PTSD symptom emergence, suggesting that inflammation may predispose to PTSD.

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Authors: Eraly, S. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Maihofer, A. X., Barkauskas, D. A., Biswas, N., Agorastos, A., O’Connor, D. T., & Baker, D. G.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
University of Southern California (US)
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
Corresponding author: Baker, Dewleen G.
ORCID: Nievergelt, Caroline M.
Maihofer, Adam X.
Barkauskas, Donald A.
Biswas, Nilima
Agorastos, Agorastos
Baker, Dewleen G.
Venue: JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2014-04-01
Volume: 71
Issue: 4
Pages: 423
ISSN: 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374
PMC: PMC4032578
OpenAlex: W2100635378
Cited by: 386
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 10
FWCI: 45.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL094728, HL094728)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH093500, R01MH093500)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, C-reactive protein, biomarkers, peripheral inflammation, combat deployment, military personnel, PTSD risk prediction, zero-inflated negative binomial regression, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, PTSD symptom severity, PTSD prevention
MeSH terms: Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Combat Disorders, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Military Personnel, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Biomarkers, Risk Assessment, Resilience, Psychological

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Assessment of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk

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