The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Anti-inflammatory Treatment on Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Several studies have reported antidepressant effects of anti-inflammatory treatment; however, the results have been conflicting and detrimental adverse effects may contraindicate the use of anti-inflammatory agents. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the antidepressant and possible adverse effects of anti-inflammatory interventions. DATA SOURCES: Trials published prior to December, 31, 2013, were identified searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, and relevant review articles. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy and adverse effects of pharmacologic anti-inflammatory treatment in adults with depressive symptoms, including those who fulfilled the criteria for depression. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Depression scores after treatment and adverse effects. RESULTS: Ten publications reporting on 14 trials (6262 participants) were included: 10 trials evaluated the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=4,258) and 4 investigated cytokine inhibitors (n=2,004). The pooled effect estimate suggested that anti-inflammatory treatment reduced depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.11; I2=90%) compared with placebo. This effect was observed in studies including patients with depression (SMD, -0.54; 95% CI, -1.08 to -0.01; I2=68%) and depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01; I2=68%). The heterogeneity of the studies was not explained by differences in inclusion of clinical depression vs depressive symptoms or use of NSAIDs vs cytokine inhibitors. Subanalyses emphasized the antidepressant properties of the selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib (SMD, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.08; I2=73%) on remission (OR, 7.89; 95% CI, 2.94 to 21.17; I2=0%) and response (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 2.24 to 19.42; I2=0%). Among the 6 studies reporting on adverse effects, we found no evidence of an increased number of gastrointestinal or cardiovascular events after 6 weeks or infections after 12 weeks of anti-inflammatory treatment compared with placebo. All trials were associated with a high risk of bias owing to potentially compromised internal validity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our analysis suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment, in particular celecoxib, decreases depressive symptoms without increased risks of adverse effects. However, a high risk of bias and high heterogeneity made the mean estimate uncertain. This study supports a proof-of-concept concerning the use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Identification of subgroups that could benefit from such treatment might be warranted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients who receive cytokine treatments such as IL-2 or IFN γ as part of their treatment for hepatitis or cancer often develop depressive symptoms 82”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Kohler and colleagues found that patients prescribed celecoxib compared to placebo were 7 times more likely to respond to an antidepressant with no increased risks of GI or CV effects (155).”
From Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories (2023) · cites this paper as [155]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“blockade of cytokines, such as TNF, or of inflammatory signalling pathway components, such as cyclooxygenase 2, has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with medical illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and cancer, as well as in patients with major depressive disorder27–29.”
From The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target (2016) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, it appears that anti-inflammatory agents may only demonstrate effective antidepressant activity in subgroups of patients who show evidence of increased peripheral inflammation, for example individuals with medical conditions including osteoarthritis and psoriasis that are characterized by increased levels of peripheral inflammation and patients with depression with increased”
From The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target (2016) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“depressive symptoms are more frequent in patients with conditions involving inflammation (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and can be reversed through the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (Kojima et al., 2009; Köhler et al., 2014).”
From The interplay between stress, inflammation, and emotional attention: relevance for depression (2019) · cites this paper as Köhler et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“There is also meta-analytic evidence that anti-inflammatory treatments can be effective means for treating depression (Köhler et al., 2014).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Köhler et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cytokine inhibitors suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment, in particular celecoxib, decreases depressive symptoms in individuals with major depression or with clinically significant depressive symptoms198.”
From Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression (2019) · cites this paper as [198]
In the citing paper
“There is particular interest in how inflammatory cell types in the brain cause depressive symptoms, as anti-inflammatory treatments reduce depressive symptoms in humans [173] and chronic stress enhances inflammation in animal models [174].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [173]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Moher, D., Pham, B., Jones, A., Cook, D. J., Jadad, A. R., Moher, M., Tugwell, P., & Klassen, T. P. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01085-x · Cited by 3,560
Assessing Risk of Bias in Included Studies
Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions · doi:10.1002/9780470712184.ch8 · Cited by 3,396
Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907c1b · Cited by 2,766
Gluud, L. L., Villumsen, J., & Gluud, C. N. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00010 · Cited by 2,266
The case of the misleading funnel plot
Lau, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Schmid, C. H., & Olkin, I. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7568.597 · Cited by 1,766
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [24]24. Raison C, Rutherford RE, Woolwine B, et al. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist infliximab reduces depressive symptoms in patients with treatment resistant depression and high inflammation. Brain Behav Immun. 2012;26(suppl 1):S49. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.200.W. · DOI
- [27]27. Hashemian F, Majd M, Hosseini SM, Sharifi A, Panahi MVS, Bigdeli O. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of celecoxib augmentation of sertraline in the treatment of a drug-naive women with major depression. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul. 2011;21:S183-S184.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 942
Is There Still Hope for Treating Depression With Antiinflammatories?
Baune, B. T. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811073-7.00033-7
Stress, Maltreatment, Inflammation, and Functional Brain Changes in Depression
Doolin, K., Tozzi, L., Steiner, J. H., & Frodl, T. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811073-7.00015-5
Future Perspectives on Immune-Related Treatments
Baune, B. T. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811073-7.00035-0
Cytokines in the physiopathology of depression
Paredes-Espinosa, M. B., & Sulen, M. E. (2018) · Bionatura · doi:10.21931/rb/2018.03.01.13
Neuroimmunopharmacology at the Interface of Inflammation and Pharmacology Relevant to Depression
Holmes, J., Corrigan, F., & Hutchinson, M. R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811073-7.00012-x
Sadness/Demoralisation and Apathy
Picardi, A., Gaetano, P., & Fabi, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78202-7_6
L’immunopsychiatrie existe-t-elle ?
Fond, G. B. (2018) · Phytothérapie · doi:10.3166/phyto-2018-0092
Aubry, A. (2018) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Lee, J. C.-H. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Translational Medicine Strategies for Drug Development for Impulsive Aggression
Coccaro, E. F., Lee, R., & Simon, N. G. (2019) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803161-2.00029-1
Diet, Inflammation, Gut Microbiome, and Mental Health
Polokowski, A. R. (2019) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Immune processes and risk of psychosis
Al‐Diwani, A., & Pollak, T. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813201-2.00011-9
Павлов (2020) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20200305dp
What is the potential of statins in the treatment of depression?
Viloria, N. D. U., & Berk, M. (2020) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1743685
Bahi, C. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.08429 · Cited by 1
Novel therapeutic drug targets for bipolar disorder
Rosenblat, J. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819182-8.00037-5
Shah, D. (2019) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.3855
Depression in late life: Linking the immunometabolic dysregulation with clinical features
de la Torre‐Luque, A., & Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L. (2021) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.004 · Cited by 1
Smaga, I., Krzyżanowska, W., Pomierny, B., Maciejska, A., Skórkowska, A., Budziszewska, B., Pilc, A., & Nowak, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_176-1
Clark, E. L. (2021) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0400894
Draganov, M., Arranz, M. J., Vives‐Gilabert, Y., Jubero, M., de Diego-Adeliño, J., Àvila-Parcet, A., Puigdemont, D., & Portella, M. J. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111348
Mesripour, A., & GASEMİ, F. (2021) · Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy · doi:10.52794/hujpharm.962540
Pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunction
Baune, B. T. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198835554.003.0007
Holmskov, J., Licht, R. W., Andersen, K., Nilsson, F. M., Valentin, J. B., Stage, K. B., & Nielsen, R. E. (2021) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2021.04.001
Behavioural and molecular effects induced by Cannabidiol in animal models of depression
Silote, G. P. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.60.2021.tde-29092021-060118
δEPCD: the electrophysiologic coefficient of depressiveness
Khalil, R. B., & Khoury, R. E. (2021) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/1354750x.2021.1995497 · Cited by 1
Italian Journal of Prevention, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine
Marziali, M., & Palermo, M. T. (2021) · doi:10.30459/2021-12
Peripheral biomarkers in Repeated Ketamine Infusions Trial
Geel, A. V. (2021) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14775
Qi, Y., Lu, Y.-R., Shi, L., Demmers, J., Bezstarosti, K., Rijkers, E., Balesar, R. A., Swaab, D. F., & Bao, A. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3976881
NSAID use and unnatural deaths after cancer diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Shen, Q., Sjölander, A., Sloan, E. K., Walker, A. K., Fall, K., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Sparén, P., Smedby, K. E. E., & Fang, F. (2022) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-021-09120-9
(2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23673-0.00006-9
Franklyn, S. I. (2020) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2020-14356
Psychoneuroimmunologische Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen
Müller, N. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_10-1
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811351-6.00026-7
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23672-3.00006-8
Hedayat, K. M., & Lapraz, J.-C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816908-7.00003-7
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in neuropsychiatric diseases
Farooqui, A. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821711-5.00005-x
Immune Mechanisms of Depression
Ménard, C., Pfau, M. L., Hodes, G. E., & Russo, S. J. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0028
Cytokine Effects on Neuronal Processes and on Behavior
Menke, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00102-x
Anti-Depression a Systematic Review of Analytical methods in PharmaceuticalsPreprint
Perumal, D., Krishnan, M., & K.S, L. (2022) · doi:10.22541/au.165658161.19930674/v1
Çağlar, N. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.1911
Plank, J. R., Glover, S. C., Moloney, B. D., Hoeh, N. R., Sundram, F., Sumner, R. L., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., & Lin, J. C. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1982600/v1
Neurobiological Principles: Psycho-Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinology
Müller, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_2
Chapter 9. Depressive Disorders
Andrews, P., & Taylor, W. D. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09
SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein triggers depression and dysosmia via TLR2 mediated neuroinflammationPreprint
Su, W., Ju, J., Gu, M., Wang, X., Liu, S., Yu, J., & Mu, D.-L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.15.524078
Halaris, A. E., Sayed, A., Hakimi, M., & Sinacore, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100602
Zhang, C. (2023) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20230705cz
Purinergic Signaling in Depression
Ribeiro, D. E., Kaster, M. P., Ulrich, H., Lisboa, S. F. D. S., & Joca, S. R. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26945-5_7
Potential Linkages between Alzheimer’s Disease and Major Depression
Raudino, F. (2023) · Mustansiriya Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/mj.mj_65_22
Psychoneuroimmunology in Pula: A Hot Topic with a Long Past
Müller, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33013-1_15
Chen, B., MingZhu, X., Zhang, L., & Ren, P. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.23296789
Inflammatory signaling of HMGB1 in depressive disorder
Jiang, Q., Li, C., Xu, H., Liu, T., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Stress and Brain · doi:10.26599/sab.2023.9060001
Corbett, B. F., Arner, J., Luz, S., Estela-Pro, V., Yan, J. H., Osborne, B., Joannas, L., Henao-Mejia, J., Castro-Vildosola, J., Hala, T., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.09.574910
Bhardwaj, S., Kaur, R., Kumari, P., Sharma, S. K., Pasricha, C., Jamwal, N., Singh, R., Arora, P., Kaur, P., & Sahu, S. K. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601039
Sherman, J. P., & Morgan, E. (2024) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2024.2317769
Su, W., Ju, J., Gu, M., Wang, X., Liu, S., Yu, J., & Mu, D.-L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22790549
Tura, A. (2024) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-10519
The kynurenine pathway and role in mental health of post-COVID-19 patients
Küçükkarapınar, M., Karadağ, F., & Candansayar, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95650-5.00048-3
Yang, X., Park, K., Kong, C. H., Cho, Y., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. Y., Min, J. W., Jung, S. Y., & Ryu, J. H. (2024) · Natural Product Sciences · doi:10.20307/nps.2024.30.2.93
Neurological Impact of Type I Interferon Dysregulation
Mylonas, A. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006023
Tratamento anti-inflamatório na depressão: uma revisão sistemática
Braga, B. D. C., da Costa, B. T., & de Azevedo, K. R. M. (2024) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1156
Molecular hydrogen supplementation in mice ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced loss of interest
Koga, M., Sato, M., Nakagawa, R., Tokuno, S., Asai, F., Maezawa, Y., Nagamine, M., Yoshino, A., & Toda, H. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70000
Hippocampal Connections with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Depression
Hrnčić, D., Šutulović, N., Rašić-Marković, A., Mladenović, D. R., Vesković, M. N., & Stanojlović, O. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_95-1
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
Krieger, J.-P., & Meyer, U. (2024) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837672059-00057
Saha, S., Prigge, R., Jackson, C., Guthrie, B., & Fleetwood, K. J. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.25320668
The Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Mental Health Disorders
Alfonso, T., & Ranganathan, M. (2025) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7432-0.ch008
Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Function
Sharma, K., & Veena, N. (2025) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7432-0.ch009
Diet-Gut Microbiome Nexus: A New Paradigm in Food-Based Mental Disease Therapeutics
Anand, S., Kumar, P., Singh, S., Tiwari, S., Mishra, R., Uğuz, S., Saud, S., Mor, S. K., Yang, X., & McClements, D. J. (2025) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2025.2479123
Song, A., & Hao, L. (2025) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4nj05416d
Lemogne, C., Vedrines, C. O., Capuron, L., & Hoertel, N. (2025) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2025.05.011
The Current Status of Antidepressant Drugs and the Exploration of New Targets
张, 陈. (2025) · Hans Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.12677/hjmce.2025.132021
WITHDRAWNPreprint
Budhan, C. (2025) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2xvrf_v1
A single glucocorticoid response element regulates sociability in a sex-specific manner
Corbett, B. F., Arner, J., Luz, S., Yan, J. H., Castro-Vildosola, J., Hala, T. J., Taylor, D. M., & Bhatnagar, S. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03158-y
Hippocampal Connections with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Depression
Hrnčić, D., Šutulović, N., Rašić-Marković, A., Mladenović, D. R., Vesković, M. N., & Stanojlović, O. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_95
Hu, X., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Immune discovery. · doi:10.70322/immune.2025.10013
Ivanov, S. M., Sukhachev, V. S., Tarasova, O. A., Lagunin, A. A., & Poroikov, V. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199557
Saha, S., Prigge, R., Jackson, C., Guthrie, B., & Fleetwood, K. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07337-7 · Cited by 1
Buță, C., Rîmbu, M. C., Popa, M. V., & Nechita, P. (2025) · Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry · doi:10.36219/bpi.2025.3.12
Krymow, N., Rumiński, J., Lewandowska, M., & Milner, R. (2025) · Przegląd Psychologiczny · doi:10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.11503
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432305
Ni, J., Wu, P., Lu, X., & Xu, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25996794
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432329
Wang, H., He, Y., Sun, Z., Ren, S., Liu, M., Wang, G., & Yang, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20012331
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432293
Shen, Q., Sjölander, A., Sloan, E. K., Walker, A. K., Fall, K., Valdimarsdottir, U., Sparén, P., Smedby, K. E., & Fang, F. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18585772
Ni, J., Wu, P., Lu, X., & Xu, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25997055
Zhu, T.-T., Wang, H., Gu, H., Ju, L.-S., Wu, X.-M., Pan, W., Zhao, M.-M., Yang, J.-J., & Liu, P.-M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22615598
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432350
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432290
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432344
Su, W., Ju, J., Gu, M., Wang, X., Liu, S., Yu, J., & Mu, D. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22790546
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432323
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432308
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432317
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432281
Plank, J. R., Glover, S. C., Moloney, B. D., Hoeh, N. R., Sundram, F., Sumner, R. L., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., & Lin, J. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251678
Kappelmann, N., Rein, M., Fietz, J., Mayberg, H. S., Craighead, W. E., Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B., Keller, M., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12432338
Metadata
- Authors
- Köhler, O., Benros, M. E., Nordentoft, M., Farkouh, M. E., Iyengar, R. L., Mors, O., & Krogh, J.
- Affiliations
- Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- St. George's University (GD)
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-12-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1381
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156150528
- Semantic Scholar
- 04c60d39fcaf20a7ee393c91def9fcd0fd3f10fc
- Cited by
- 941
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 20.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.au.dk
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden (R155-2014-1724)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory therapy, depression, depressive symptoms, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cytokine inhibitors, celecoxib, COX-2 inhibitors, antidepressant effects, adverse effects, remission, treatment response, adults with depression
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Depression, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
