The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: National epidemiologic information from recently collected data on the new DSM-5 classification of alcohol use disorder (AUD) using a reliable, valid, and uniform data source is needed. OBJECTIVE: To present nationally representative findings on the prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, associated disability, and treatment of DSM-5 AUD diagnoses overall and according to severity level (mild, moderate, or severe). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted face-to-face interviews with a representative US noninstitutionalized civilian adult (≥18 years) sample (N = 36 309) as the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III). Data were collected from April 2012 through June 2013 and analyzed in October 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Twelve-month and lifetime prevalences of AUD. RESULTS: Twelve-month and lifetime prevalences of AUD were 13.9% and 29.1%, respectively. Prevalence was generally highest for men (17.6% and 36.0%, respectively), white (14.0% and 32.6%, respectively) and Native American (19.2% and 43.4%, respectively), respondents, and younger (26.7% and 37.0%, respectively) and previously married (11.4% and 27.1%, respectively) or never married (25.0% and 35.5%, respectively) adults. Prevalence of 12-month and lifetime severe AUD was greatest among respondents with the lowest income level (1.8% and 1.5%, respectively). Significant disability was associated with 12-month and lifetime AUD and increased with the severity of AUD. Only 19.8% of respondents with lifetime AUD were ever treated. Significant associations were found between 12-month and lifetime AUD and other substance use disorders, major depressive and bipolar I disorders, and antisocial and borderline personality disorders across all levels of AUD severity, with odds ratios ranging from 1.2 (95% CI, 1.08-1.36) to 6.4 (95% CI, 5.76-7.22). Associations between AUD and panic disorder, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder were modest (odds ratios ranged from 1.2 (95% CI, 1.01-1.43) to 1.4 (95% CI, 1.13-1.67) across most levels of AUD severity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Alcohol use disorder defined by DSM-5 criteria is a highly prevalent, highly comorbid, disabling disorder that often goes untreated in the United States. The NESARC-III data indicate an urgent need to educate the public and policy makers about AUD and its treatment alternatives, to destigmatize the disorder, and to encourage those who cannot reduce their alcohol consumption on their own, despite substantial harm to themselves and others, to seek treatment.
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55 Own result · 21 Not checked yet · 9 Own method · 6 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lifetime AUD was associated with persistent depression (except moderate severity), panic disorder (except mild severity), specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (except moderate severity).”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Comorbidity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Odds of 12-month and lifetime AUD were greater among men and lower among black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic than white respondents, regardless of severity.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Odds of 12-month and lifetime AUD were greater among respondents younger than 65 years, regardless of severity level.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lifetime AUD was associated with persistent depression (except moderate severity), panic disorder (except mild severity), specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (except moderate severity).”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Comorbidity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“prevalences of lifetime AUD, 8.6% (0.18%), 6.6% (0.18%), and 13.9% (0.31%), respectively.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twelve-month prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe AUD were 7.3% (0.19%), 3.2% (0.13%), and 3.4% (0.12%), respectively”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“prevalences of lifetime AUD, 8.6% (0.18%), 6.6% (0.18%), and 13.9% (0.31%), respectively.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most groups of respondents in the lowest 3 income levels had greater rates of 12-month and lifetime severe AUD than those with the highest incomes.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which decreased with increasing severity to 30.1 years for mild AUD, 25.9 years for moderate AUD, and 23.9 years for severe AUD.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV AUDs in the NESARC-III were 12.7% and 43.6%, respectively”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 20
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared with respondents who attained postsecondary educational levels, respondents with educational levels less than high school had greater odds of severe and lower odds of mild 12-month AUD.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AUD was associated with other substance use disorders, major depressive and bipolar I disorders, and antisocial and borderline PDs across time frames and severity levels”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Comorbidity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant associations between persistent depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder with lifetime AUD were also observed.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We generally found significant associations between 12-month and lifetime AUD and other substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, specific phobia, and antisocial and borderline PDs when we controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and other disorders.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All measures of current disability were strongly related to 12-month AUD, increasing with AUD severity.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, these concerns are not relevant to 12-month comorbidity associations that demonstrated similar direction and magnitude as comorbid lifetime associations.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For more severe problems, effective medications include oral and extended-release naltrexone hydrochloride, acamprosate calcium, and disulfiram61-65”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Lee JD Grossman E DiRocco D Extended-release naltrexone for treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010 39 1 14 21 20363090
- Not checked yetcites [62] Maisel NC Blodgett JC Wilbourne PL Humphreys K Finney JW Meta-analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful? Addiction 2013 108 2 275 293 23075288 PMC3970823
- Not checked yetcites [63] Litten RZ Egli M Heilig M Medications development to treat alcohol dependence: a vision for the next decade. Addict Biol 2012 17 3 513 527 22458728 PMC3484365
- Not checked yetcites [64] Jørgensen CH Pedersen B Tønnesen H The efficacy of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011 35 10 1749 1758 21615426
- Not checked yetcites [65] Zindel LR Kranzler HR Pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorders: seventy-five years of progress. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2014 75 suppl 17 79 88 24565314 PMC4453501
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comparisons between DSM-IV 12-month AUD diagnoses with and without the additional questions yielded virtually identical prevalences (12.7% and 12.2%, respectively), with near-perfect concordance (κ = 0.98)”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Alcohol Use Disorders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alcohol use disorder defined by DSM-5 criteria is a highly prevalent, highly comorbid, disabling disorder that often goes untreated in the United States.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Test-retest reliability of AUDADIS-5 and DSM-5 AUD categorical diagnoses (κ = 0.60 and κ = 0.62, respectively) and dimensional criteria scales (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.83 and 0.85, respectively) was substantial”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Alcohol Use Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Grant BF Goldstein RB Smith SM The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): reliability of substance use and psychiatric disorder modules in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015 148 1 27 33 25595052 PMC5554948
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“showed fair to good concordance on AUDADIS-5 and PRISM-5 AUD diagnoses (κ = 0.49 and κ = 0.62, respectively) and excellent concordance (ICC, 0.81 and 0.85, respectively)”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Alcohol Use Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Hasin DS Aivadyan C Greenstein E Grant BF Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance Use and Mental Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2011 Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry New York, NY Fifth Edition (PRISM-5) Version
- Not checked yetcites [26] Hasin DS Greenstein E Aivadyan C The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): procedural validity of substance use disorders modules through clinical re-appraisal in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015 148 1 40 46 25604321 PMC4330104
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Prior NESARC findings55 show that participation in 12-step groups increases the likelihood of recovery, consistent with randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of 12-step facilitation administered by health care practitioners.56”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Dawson DA Goldstein RB Ruan WJ Grant BF Correlates of recovery from alcohol dependence: a prospective study over a 3-year follow-up interval. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012 36 7 1268 1277 22309217 PMC3349820
- Not checked yetcites [56] Kaskutas LA Subbaraman MS Witbrodt J Zemore SE Effectiveness of making Alcoholics Anonymous easier: a group format 12-step facilitation approach. J Subst Abuse Treat 2009 37 3 228 239 19339148 PMC2746399
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rather than lack of insurance, fears of stigmatization and beliefs that treatment is ineffective explain the lack of AUD treatment in the United States.50-54”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] Cohen E Feinn R Arias A Kranzler HR Alcohol treatment utilization: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007 86 2-3 214 221 16919401
- Not checked yetcites [51] Keyes KM Hatzenbuehler ML McLaughlin KA Stigma and treatment for alcohol disorders in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 2010 172 12 1364 1372 21044992 PMC2998202
- Not checked yetcites [52] Lawson KA Wilcox RE Littlefield JH Pituch KA Erickson CK Educating treatment professionals about addiction science research: demographics of knowledge and belief changes. Subst Use Misuse 2004 39 8 1235 1258 15461020
- Not checked yetcites [53] Yoast RA Wilford BB Hayashi SW Encouraging physicians to screen for and intervene in substance use disorders: obstacles and strategies for change. J Addict Dis 2008 27 3 77 97 18956531
- Not checked yetcites [54] Town M Naimi TS Mokdad AH Brewer RD Health care access among US adults who drink alcohol excessively: missed opportunities for prevention. Prev Chronic Dis 2006 3 2 A53 16539794 PMC1563973
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“When untreated, AUD-related functional impairment also has been associated with diminished life chances, increased stressful life conditions, and increased risk for and severity of other psychiatric disorders, even after AUD remission.73”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [73] Hasin DS Grant BF Major depression in 6050 former drinkers: association with past alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002 59 9 794 800 12215078
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no significant differences were found in the percentages of Hispanic, black, or Asian respondents, population density, vacancy rate, proportion of the population in group quarters, or proportion of renters at the segment level.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The SF-12v2 is a reliable and valid measure of current impairment widely used in population surveys.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Disability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Gandek B Ware JE Jr Aaronson NK Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability of the SF-36 in eleven countries: results from the IQOLA Project International Quality of Life Assessment. J Clin Epidemiol 1998 51 11 1149 1158 9817132
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“evidence-based behavioral treatments include 12-step facilitation,56 motivational interviewing,66-68 and cognitive-behavioral therapy.68-70”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] Kaskutas LA Subbaraman MS Witbrodt J Zemore SE Effectiveness of making Alcoholics Anonymous easier: a group format 12-step facilitation approach. J Subst Abuse Treat 2009 37 3 228 239 19339148 PMC2746399
- Not checked yetcites [66] Apodaca TR Longabaugh R Mechanisms of change in motivational interviewing: a review and preliminary evaluation of the evidence. Addiction 2009 104 5 705 715 19413785 PMC2756738
- Not checked yetcites [67] Vasilaki EI Hosier SG Cox WM The efficacy of motivational interviewing as a brief intervention for excessive drinking: a meta-analytic review. Alcohol Alcohol 2006 41 3 328 335 16547122
- Not checked yetcites [68] Martin GW Rehm J The effectiveness of psychosocial modalities in the treatment of alcohol problems in adults: a review of the evidence. Can J Psychiatry 2012 57 6 350 358 22682572
- Not checked yetcites [69] Irvin JE Bowers CA Dunn ME Wang MC Efficacy of relapse prevention: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999 67 4 563 570 10450627
- Not checked yetcites [70] Magill M Ray LA Cognitive-behavioral treatment with adult alcohol and illicit drug users: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2009 70 4 516 527 19515291 PMC2696292
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Respondents included a slightly higher percentage of men (48.1% vs 46.2%), a greater percentage of those aged 60 to 69 years (13.7% vs 12.6%), and smaller percentages of those aged 40 to 49 (18.1% vs 18.3%) and 30 to 39 (16.7% vs 17.4%) years than in the eligible sample.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lifetime comorbid associations with AUD may be subject to recall bias and bias in variation of associations by ages at onset of comorbid disorders.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NESARC-III is also unique in providing current, comprehensive information on DSM-5 AUD and its correlates and comorbidity in the United States.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly to other large US surveys, we did not assess all psychiatric disorders.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The DSM-5 diagnosis of AUD is a highly prevalent, highly comorbid, disabling disorder often untreated in the United States.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential study limitations include differences in some aspects of survey methods between the 2001-2002 NESARC and the 2012-2013 NESARC-III and less than ideal reliability for a few diagnoses other than AUD.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Strengths of the NESARC-III include its large sample size, reliable and valid measures of AUD and other psychopathology, and rigorous study methods.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NESARC-III was also cross-sectional.”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Population segments not covered by the survey (homeless individuals, prisoners, and most treated individuals) have a higher prevalence of AUD than the covered population.
“Because some population segments were not covered (ie, homeless individuals, prisoners, and most treated individuals), estimates presented herein may underestimate the true prevalence of AUD.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although SUDs are gen erally associated with more severe consequences than substance misuse, the latter is much more prevalent 148- 150 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [149]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A recent epidemiological study showed particularly high comorbidity between AUD and major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder and comorbidity with personality disorders and anxiety disorders (Grant et al., 2015).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Grant et al., 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among firefighters is estimated at approximately 50% [7], nearly twice that of the general population [8].”
From Mindful attention training workshop for firefighters: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“For instance, in many countries, the highest prevalence of substance use problems is found among young adults, aged 18-25 [36], and a majority of these 'age out' of excessive substance use [37].”
From Addiction as a brain disease revised: why it still matters, and the need for consilience (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Lower socioeconomic status is correlated with both AD41 and age at first birth42 and the current study suggests that shared genetic liabilities may be one potential mechanism for their observed relationship.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Abstract > RESULTS
“Prevalence of 12-month and lifetime severe AUD was greatest among respondents with the lowest income level (1.8% and 1.5%, respectively).”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Results > Prevalence, Onset, and Sociodemographic Correlates
“Twelve-month prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe AUD were 7.3% (0.19%), 3.2% (0.13%), and 3.4% (0.12%), respectively; prevalences of lifetime AUD, 8.6% (0.18%), 6.6% (0.18%), and 13.9% (0.31%), respectively.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Abstract > RESULTS
“Prevalence of 12-month and lifetime severe AUD was greatest among respondents with the lowest income level (1.8% and 1.5%, respectively).”
§ Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder > Methods > Alcohol Use Disorders
“Lifetime DSM-5 AUD diagnoses required at least 2 of the 11 criteria in the 12 months preceding the interview or previously.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Saha, T. D., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., & Hasin, D. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-08-01
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 757
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5240584
- OpenAlex
- W1839921965
- Semantic Scholar
- 6ee46a927f990bdf26640152b3c8d783f8a1d8ad
- Cited by
- 2,556
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 179 · 2024: 215 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 274 · 2021: 322 · 2020: 311 · 2019: 267 · 2018: 254 · 2017: 194 · 2016: 151 · 2015: 28
- FWCI
- 163.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99‐AA999999)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K05AA014223)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcoholism, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use disorders, disability, treatment utilization, severity, lifetime prevalence, gender differences, income, marital status, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, NESARC-III, United States adults, Native Americans, alcohol screening and brief intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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