Cited by 367Schizophrenia research and treatmentAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Nature of Glutamate Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies

Open access

Merritt, Kate, Egerton, Alice, Kempton, Matthew J., Taylor, Matthew J., McGuire, Philip K.·2016·JAMA Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0442

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission may be fundamental to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and the glutamatergic system is a target for novel therapeutic interventions in the disorder. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nature of brain glutamate alterations in schizophrenia by conducting a meta-analysis of glutamate proton magnetic resonance (MRS) spectroscopy studies. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database was searched for studies published from January 1, 1980, to April 1, 2015. Search terms included magnetic resonance spectroscopy, schizophrenia, psychosis, clinical or genetic high risk, and schizoaffective. Inclusion criteria were single voxel 1H-MRS studies reporting glutamate, glutamine or Glx values for a patient or risk group in comparison to a healthy volunteer group. STUDY SELECTION: Fifty-nine studies were identified, which included 1686 patients and 1451 healthy individuals serving as controls. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A random-effects, inverse-weighted variance model was used to calculate the pooled effect size. Mean values were extracted and verified independently. Effect sizes were determined for glutamate, glutamine, and Glx in brain regions that had been examined in at least 3 different studies. A secondary analysis grouped studies into those examining patients at different stages of illness (high risk, first-episode psychosis, or chronic schizophrenia). Effects of age, antipsychotic dose, and symptom severity were determined using meta-regression. RESULTS: In schizophrenia, there were significant elevations in glutamate in the basal ganglia (Hedges g = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.15-1.11), glutamine in the thalamus (g = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.02-1.09), and Glx in the basal ganglia (g = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70) and medial temporal lobe (g = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52). No region showed a reduction in glutamate metabolites in schizophrenia. Secondary analyses revealed that elevated medial frontal Glx levels were evident in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia (g = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46) but not in those with first-episode psychosis or chronic schizophrenia, whereas elevated Glx in the medial temporal lobe was seen with chronic schizophrenia (g = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.08-0.71) but not in the high-risk or first-episode groups. Meta-regression found no association with age, symptom severity, or antipsychotic dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Schizophrenia is associated with elevations in glutamatergic metabolites across several brain regions. This finding supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with excess glutamatergic neurotransmission in several limbic areas and further indicates that compounds that reduce glutamatergic transmission may have therapeutic potential.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0442

Cites

79 of 79 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R., Lau, J., Carpenter, J., Rucker, G., Harbord, R. M., Schmid, C. H., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002 · Cited by 7,709
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577
Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia
(1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.10.1301 · Cited by 2,904
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
(1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-03396-0 · Cited by 2,570
Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex
Moghaddam, B., Adams, B., Verma, A., & Daly, D. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-08-02921.1997 · Cited by 1,793
Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
Olney, J. W. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240016004 · Cited by 1,685
Circuit-based framework for understanding neurotransmitter and risk gene interactions in schizophrenia
Lisman, J. E., Coyle, J. T., Green, R. W., Javitt, D. C., Benes, F. M., Heckers, S., & Grace, A. A. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.005 · Cited by 1,010

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 82 references

3 of the 82 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Szulc A, Galinska B, Tarasów E, et al. Glutamatergic system dysfunction in schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) study. Pol J Radiol. 2004;69(1):33-36.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 367

Abnormal Thalamic Metabolism in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
Xia, J., Chen, F., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Dai, Y., Song, N., Wang, Z., Zhang, B., & Yang, J. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.11.014 · Cited by 13
The association between peripheral inflammation, brain glutamate and antipsychotic response in Schizophrenia: Data from the STRATA collaboration
Fenn‐Moltu, S., Deakin, J. F. W., Drake, R., Howes, O. D., Lawrie, S. M., Lewis, S. W., Nikkheslat, N., Walters, J., MacCabe, J. H., Mondelli, V., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.005 · Cited by 13
“However, the extent and direction of glutamate abnormality may relate to illness stage, severity, medication effects, genetic and other factors (Bustillo et al., 2017; Merritt et al., 2016, 2021, 2022; Nakahara et al., 2021).”
Differential effects of cannabis constituents on schizophrenia-related psychosis: a rationale for incorporating cannabidiol into a schizophrenia therapeutic regimen
Johnson, K., Weldon, A. J., & Burmeister, M. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1386263 · Cited by 14
Are working memory and glutamate concentrations involved in early‐life stress and severity of psychosis?
Corcoran, M., Hawkins, E. L., O’Hora, D. P., Whalley, H. C., Hall, J., Lawrie, S. M., & Dauvermann, M. R. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1616 · Cited by 13
Time of Day-Dependent Alterations in Hippocampal Kynurenic Acid, Glutamate, and GABA in Adult Rats Exposed to Elevated Kynurenic Acid During Neurodevelopment
Wright, C. J., Rentschler, K. M., Wagner, N. T. J., Lewis, A. M., Beggiato, S., & Pocivavsek, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734984 · Cited by 13
MRI investigation of immune dysregulation in schizophrenia
Gangadin, S. S., Nasib, L. G., Sommer, I. E., & Mandl, R. C. W. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000498 · Cited by 13
“In line with the glutamate hypothesis, higher glutamate levels were reported in first episode psychosis patients [21,24], whereas reduced glutamate levels were detected with MRS in chronic schizophrenia patients [25 && ].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in Hematopoietic Cells: What Have We Learned?
Kalev‐Zylinska, M. L., Hearn, J. I., Makhro, A., & Bogdanova, A. Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00577 · Cited by 14
White matter alterations and the conversion to psychosis: A combined diffusion tensor imaging and glutamate 1H MRS study
León-Ortíz, P., Reyes-Madrigal, F., Kochunov, P., Gómez-Cruz, G., Moncada-Habib, T., Malacara, M., Mora-Durán, R., Rowland, L. M., & de la Fuente‐Sandoval, C. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.006 · Cited by 14
Association between cannabinoid 1 receptor availability and glutamate levels in healthy controls and drug-free patients with first episode psychosis: a multi-modal PET and 1H-MRS study
Borgan, F., Veronese, M., Marques, T. R., Lythgoe, D. J., & Howes, O. D. (2020) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-020-01191-2 · Cited by 13
Anterior cingulate glutamate levels associate with functional activation and connectivity during sensory integration in schizophrenia: a multimodal 1H-MRS and fMRI study
Cai, X., Pu, C., Zhou, S., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Lui, S. S. Y., Møller, A., Cheung, E. F. C., Madsen, K. H., Xue, R., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001817 · Cited by 12
Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy
Kozhuharova, P., Diaconescu, A. O., & Allen, P. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y · Cited by 12
Relationship of auditory electrophysiological responses to magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites in Early Phase Psychosis
Bartolomeo, L. A., Wright, A. M., Ma, R. E., Hummer, T. A., Francis, M., Visco, A. C., Mehdiyoun, N. F., Bolbecker, A. R., Hetrick, W. P., Dydak, U., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.009 · Cited by 12
“A variety of metabolites within relevant brain regions and circuits have been assessed using MRS to examine the neurobiological mechanisms underlying SZ, with studies examining glutamatergic metabolites being the most prevalent (Merritt et al., 2016; Poels et al., 2014).”
Background
Glutamatergic function in a genetic high-risk group for psychosis: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion
Rogdaki, M., Hathway, P., Gudbrandsen, M., McCutcheon, R. A., Jauhar, S., Daly, E., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.005 · Cited by 13
Elevated glutamate, glutamine and GABA levels and reduced taurine level in a schizophrenia model using an in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance method.
Yang, J., Guo, H., Sun, D., Duan, J., Rao, X., Xu, F., Manyande, A., Tang, Y., Wang, J., & Wang, F. (2019) · PubMed Central · Cited by 11
Glutamatergic hypo-function in the left superior and middle temporal gyri in early schizophrenia: a data-driven three-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging study
Bustillo, J., Upston, J., Mayer, E. G., Jones, T., Maudsley, A. A., Gasparovic, C., Tohen, M. F., & Lenroot, R. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0707-y · Cited by 12
Translational medicine of the glutamate AMPA receptor
Miyazaki, T., Hiroki, A. B. E., Uchida, H., & Takahashi, T. (2021) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B · doi:10.2183/pjab.97.001 · Cited by 12
Clozapine treatment and astrocyte activity in treatment resistant schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Torres‐Carmona, E., Nakajima, S., Iwata, Y., Ueno, F., Stefan, C., Song, J., Abdolizadeh, A., KOIZUMI, M., Kambari, Y., Amaev, A., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.020 · Cited by 11
The relationship between cortical synaptic terminal density marker SV2A and glutamate early in the course of schizophrenia: a multimodal PET and MRS imaging study
Onwordi, E. C., Whitehurst, T., Shatalina, E., Carr, R., Mansur, A., Arumuham, A., Osugo, M., Marques, T. R., Jauhar, S., Gupta, S., et al. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03269-8 · Cited by 11
“In contrast with the ﬁ ndings from meta-analyses of 1 H-MRS studies [6, 7], we did not identify signi ﬁ cant differences in Glu/Cr or Glx/Cr between groups.”
Treatment resistance NMDA receptor pathway polygenic score is associated with brain glutamate in schizophrenia
Griffiths, K., Smart, S. E., Barker, G. J., Deakin, J. F. W., Lawrie, S. M., Lewis, S. W., Lythgoe, D. J., Pardiñas, A. F., Singh, K. D., Semple, S., et al. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.020 · Cited by 11
“Alterations in brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia (Merritt et al., 2016; Merritt et al., 2021) may be heritable (Legind et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResult
The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia
Rauchmann, B., Ghaseminejad, F., Keeser, D., Keller-Varady, K., Schneider-Axmann, T., Takahashi, S., Karali, T., Helms, G., Dechent, P., Maurus, I., et al. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00198-1 · Cited by 11
“…(MRS) studies revealed significant elevations of glutamatergic metabolites, namely Glu and glutamine (Gln), together referred to as Glx, in several cortical and subcortical regions in schizophrenia patients, although the findings were heterogeneous (Schwerk et al. 2014; Merritt et al. 2016).”
Background
Proton Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current and Future Applications in Psychiatric Research
Shaffer, J. J., Mani, M., Schmitz, S. L., Xu, J., Owusu, N., Wu, D. H., Magnotta, V. A., & Wemmie, J. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.532606 · Cited by 11
Increased Glutamate Plus Glutamine in the Right Middle Cingulate in Early Schizophrenia but Not in Bipolar Psychosis: A Whole Brain 1H-MRS Study
Bustillo, J., Mayer, E. G., Upston, J., Jones, T., Garcia, C., Sheriff, S., Maudsley, A. A., Tohen, M. F., Gasparovic, C., & Lenroot, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660850 · Cited by 11
Erbb4Deletion From Inhibitory Interneurons Causes Psychosis-Relevant Neuroimaging Phenotypes
Kiemes, A., Navacerrada, M. E. S., Kim, E., Randall, K., Simmons, C., Gonzalez, L. R., Petrinovic, M. M., Lythgoe, D. J., Rotaru, D., Censo, D. D., et al. (2022) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac192 · Cited by 12
Multi-level therapeutic actions of cannabidiol in ketamine-induced schizophrenia psychopathology in male rats
Brakatselos, C., Polissidis, A., Ntoulas, G., Asprogerakas, M.-Z., Tsarna, O., Vamvaka-Iakovou, A., Nakas, G., Delis, A. D., Tzimas, P., Skaltsounis, A., et al. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01977-1 · Cited by 10
Guided by Expectations: Overweighted Semantic Priors in Schizotypy and Their Links to Glutamate
Knolle, F., Sterner, E., Demler, V. F., MacGregor, L. J., & Mathys, C. D. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.06.025 · Cited by 14
The integrated model of glutamate and dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia: Prediction and personalized medicine for prevent potential treatment-resistant patients
Huang, L.-C., Lin, S., Tseng, H., Chen, K. C., & Yang, Y. K. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110159 · Cited by 10
Hippocampal Hyperconnectivity to the Visual Cortex Predicts Treatment Response
Nelson, E. A., Kraguljac, N. V., Maximo, J. O., Armstrong, W. P., & Lahti, A. C. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac213 · Cited by 11
Glutamate receptor 4 as a fluid biomarker for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders
Gómez de San José, N., Goossens, J., Al Shweiki, M. R., Halbgebauer, S., Oeckl, P., Steinacker, P., Danzer, K. M., Graf, H., Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C., Belbin, O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.010 · Cited by 9
Association of Age, Antipsychotic Medication, and Symptom Severity in Schizophrenia With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Brain Glutamate Level
Merritt, K., McGuire, P. K., Egerton, A., 1H-MRS in Schizophrenia Investigators, Aleman, A., Block, W., Bloemen, O., Borgan, F., Bustillo, J., Capizzano, A. A., et al. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0380 · Cited by 142
Association between increased anterior cingulate glutamate and psychotic-like experiences, but not autistic traits in healthy volunteers
Demler, V. F., Sterner, E., Wilson, M., Zimmer, C., & Knolle, F. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39881-1 · Cited by 9
Evidence for Cytokine Dysregulation in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Comparison of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Samples
Gallego, J. A., McNamara, R. K., Blanco, E. A., Ramirez, S. C., Jimenez, L. D., Lesmes, S. A., Lencz, T., & Malhotra, A. K. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115871 · Cited by 9
Predictive processing accounts of psychosis: bottom-up or top-down disruptions
Goodwin, I., Diederen, K. M. J., Hird, E., Weilnhammer, V. A., Garrido, M. I., & Knolle, F. (2026) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00558-5 · Cited by 9
“Alterations in glutamate levels have been consistently found in individuals with schizophrenia, at risk for psychosis, and schizotypy 41,42 .”
Genes implicated by a methylome-wide schizophrenia study in neonatal blood show differential expression in adult brain samples
van den Oord, E. J. C. G., Xie, L. Y., Zhao, M., Campbell, T. L., Turecki, G., Kähler, A. K., Dean, B., Mors, O. N., Hultman, C. M., Staunstrup, N. H., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02080-5 · Cited by 9
Glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies across schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Lopes, J. J., Carruthers, S. P., Meyer, D., Dean, B., & Rossell, S. L. (2024) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674241254216 · Cited by 9
“…from meta-analyses and systematic reviews investigating glutamatergic metabolites using 1 H-MRS studies across SSD (Iwata et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2020; Marsman et al., 2013; Merritt et al., 2016, 2021; Nakahara et al., 2022; Poels et al., 2014; Salavati et al., 2015; Smucny et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Brain MR Imaging Studies in Schizophrenia: Toward Elucidating Brain Pathology and Developing Clinical Tools
Koike, S., Uematsu, A., Sasabayashi, D., Maikusa, N., Takahashi, T., Ohi, K., Nakajima, S., Noda, Y., & Hirano, Y. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences · doi:10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0050 · Cited by 10
“The authors reported that there were elevations in levels of glutamate (Glu) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in the basal ganglia and Glx levels in the medial temporal lobe within that patient population, suggesting that schizophrenia may be associated with the elevations in the levels of glutamatergic neurometabolite…”
BackgroundMethod
Adverse clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis related to altered interactions between hippocampal activity and glutamatergic function
Allen, P., Hird, E., Orlov, N. D., Modinos, G., Bossong, M. G., Antoniades, M., Sampson, C., Azis, M., Howes, O. D., Stone, J. M., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01705-z · Cited by 9
Glycine attenuates impairments of stimulus-evoked gamma oscillations in the ketamine model of schizophrenia
Haaf, M., Ćurić, S., Steinmann, S., Rauh, J., Leicht, G., & Mulert, C. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119004 · Cited by 9
Cortical excitation-inhibition ratio mediates the effect of pre-attentive auditory processing deficits on interpersonal difficulties
Ford, T. C., Woods, W., Enticott, P. G., & Crewther, D. P. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109769 · Cited by 9
MR-Spectroscopy of GABA and Glutamate/Glutamine Concentrations in Auditory Cortex in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Individuals
Grent-‘t-Jong, T., Gajwani, R., Groß, J., Gumley, A. I., Lawrie, S. M., Schwannauer, M., Schultze‐Lutter, F., Williams, S. R., & Uhlhaas, P. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859322 · Cited by 8
The psychosis risk factor RBM12 encodes a novel repressor of GPCR/cAMP signal transduction
Semesta, K. M., Garces, A., & Tsvetanova, N. G. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105133 · Cited by 9
Neurochemical effects of oxytocin in people at clinical high risk for psychosis
Davies, C., Rutigliano, G., Micheli, A. D., Stone, J. M., Ramella‐Cravaro, V., Provenzani, U., Cappucciati, M., Scutt, E., Paloyelis, Y., Oliver, D., et al. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.008 · Cited by 8
Nature of glutamate alterations in substance dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies
Chen, T., Tan, H., Lei, H., Li, X., Wu, Q., Xu, X., Ye, Y., Zhong, N., Du, J., Jiang, H., et al. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111329 · Cited by 10
Animal Models of Relevance to the Schizophrenia Prodrome
Petty, A. E., Howes, O. D., & Eyles, D. W. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.001 · Cited by 8
“Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) studies have revealed elevated levels of glutamate and/or its precursor glutamine in the striatum and medial temporal lobe of patients with schizophrenia (61), although these findings may be affected by treatment and/or disease course (62).”
Background
Does clozapine treat antipsychotic-induced behavioural supersensitivity through glutamate modulation within the striatum?
Tibrewal, P., Nair, P. C., Gregory, K. J., LANGMEAD, C. J., Chan, S. K. W., & Bastiampillai, T. J. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02026-x · Cited by 8
Peripheral and central biomarkers associated with inflammation in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis: Pilot studies
Cadenhead, K. S., Mirzakhanian, H., Achim, C. L., Reyes-Madrigal, F., & de la Fuente‐Sandoval, C. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.012 · Cited by 7
The impact of spectral basis set composition on estimated levels of cingulate glutamate and its associations with different personality traits
Demler, V. F., Sterner, E., Wilson, M., Zimmer, C., & Knolle, F. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05646-x · Cited by 7
Altered intrinsic neural activity and its molecular analyses in first-episode schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations
Wang, Z., Xue, K.-K., Kang, Y.-M., Liu, Z., Cheng, J.-L., Zhang, Y., & Wei, Y.-R. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1478963 · Cited by 7
Illness Phase as a Key Assessment and Intervention Window for Psychosis
Kohler, C. G., Wolf, D. H., Abi‐Dargham, A., Anticevic, A., Cho, Y., Fonteneau, C., Gil, R. B., Girgis, R. R., Gray, D. L., Grinband, J., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.009 · Cited by 8
“progressive synaptic loss(94-96); D1R-agonism reduces PFC pyramidal cell hyperconnectivity in primates(97).”
Background
The Effect of Memantine Versus Folic Acid on Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Hosseini, S. A., Sepehrmanesh, Z., Gilasi, H., & Ghoreishi, F. S. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v18i3.13002 · Cited by 7
Do the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus and striatum increase risk for psychosis?
Daniju, Y., Bossong, M. G., Brandt, K. R., & Allen, P. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.010 · Cited by 7
Neurobehavioral Differences of Valproate and Risperidone on MK-801 Inducing Acute Hyperlocomotion in Mice
Chen, P.-A., Wang, H., Sun, C.-L., Chen, M., & Chen, Y.-C. (2022) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2022/1048463 · Cited by 7
In vivo brain endocannabinoid metabolism is related to hippocampus glutamate and structure – a multimodal imaging study with PET, 1H-MRS, and MRI
Watts, J. J., Guma, E., Chavez, S., Tyndale, R. F., Ross, R. A., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., Chakravarty, M. M., Rusjan, P., & Mizrahi, R. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01384-4 · Cited by 7
The association between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor availability and glutamate levels: A multi-modal PET-MR brain imaging study in first-episode psychosis and healthy controls
Beck, K., Arumuham, A., Brugger, S., McCutcheon, R., Veronese, M., Santangelo, B., McGinnity, C., Dunn, J., Kaar, S., Singh, N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221099643 · Cited by 6
“We did not see a difference in striatal glutamate or Glx between patients or healthy controls, in contrast to previous studies (Merritt et al., 2016; Nakahara et al., 2021).”
BackgroundResult
Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to study glutamatergic alterations in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review
Plitman, E., Guma, E., Lepage, M., Near, J., & Chakravarty, M. M. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.011 · Cited by 7
Frontostriatal Structural Connectivity and Striatal Glutamatergic Levels in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: An Integrative Analysis of DTI and 1H-MRS
Ochi, R., Tarumi, R., Noda, Y., Tsugawa, S., Plitman, E., Wada, M., Honda, S., Matsushita, K., Chakravarty, M. M., Guerrero, A. G., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa057 · Cited by 7
Association of cannabis with glutamatergic levels in patients with early psychosis: Evidence for altered volume striatal glutamate relationships in patients with a history of cannabis use in early psychosis
Sami, M. B., Worker, A., Colizzi, M., Annibale, L., Das, D., Kelbrick, M., Eranti, S. V., Collier, T., Onyejiaka, C., O’Neill, A., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0790-1 · Cited by 6
Baseline measures of cerebral glutamate and GABA levels in individuals at ultrahigh risk for psychosis: Implications for clinical outcome after 12 months
Wenneberg, C., Glenthøj, B., Glenthøj, L., Fagerlund, B., Krakauer, K., Kristensen, T. D., Hjorthøj, C., Edden, R., Broberg, B., Bojesen, K., et al. (2020) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.77 · Cited by 7
Variability and Magnitude of Brain Glutamate Levels in Schizophrenia: A Meta and Mega-Analysis
Merritt, K., McCutcheon, R. A., Aleman, A., Ashley, S. A., Beck, K., Block, W., Bloemen, O., Borgan, F., Boules, C., Bustillo, J., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.020 · Cited by 7
Towards a unified theory of the aetiology of schizophrenia
Jiang, Y., Chang, X., & Feng, J. (2024) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.65 · Cited by 6
Neuroimaging studies in people at clinical high risk for psychosis
Gifford, G., McCutcheon, R. A., & McGuire, P. K. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813201-2.00009-0 · Cited by 7
Glyceryl trinitrate in first-episode psychosis unmedicated with antipsychotics: A randomised controlled pilot study
Merritt, K., Catalán, A., Cowley, S., Demjaha, A., Taylor, M. J., McGuire, P. K., Cooper, R. E., & Morrison, P. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120922967 · Cited by 6
“Nitric oxide donors are a candidate medicine targeting the NMDA receptor for glutamate, the function of which is thought to be altered in psychosis (Javitt and Zukin, 1991; Ripke et al., 2014), indicated by elevated brain glutamate levels in patients with psychosis (Merritt et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
Hippocampal Glutamate, Resting Perfusion and the Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychosis Risk
Davies, C., Bossong, M. G., Martins, D., Wilson, R. P., Appiah‐Kusi, E., Blest‐Hopley, G., Allen, P., Zelaya, F. O., Lythgoe, D. J., Brammer, M. J., et al. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad022 · Cited by 6
The Meaning of Glutamate and the Quest for Biomarkers in the Transition to Psychosis
Bustillo, J., Gaudiot, C., & Lenroot, R. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3251 · Cited by 6
Brain metabolite levels in remitted psychotic depression with consideration of effects of antipsychotic medication
Tani, H., Moxon‐Emre, I., Forde, N. J., Neufeld, N. H., Bingham, K. S., Whyte, E. M., Meyers, B. S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Hoptman, M. J., Rothschild, A. J., et al. (2023) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-023-00807-0 · Cited by 5
“In schizophrenia, there were significant elevations in glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in the basal ganglia and medial temporal lobe but not in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or DLPFC (Merritt et al., 2016).”
Background
Glutamate levels and symptom burden in high-risk and first-episode schizophrenia: a dual-voxel study of the anterior cingulate cortex
Fan, L., Zhang, Z., Ma, X., Liang, L., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Ouyang, L., Li, Z., Chen, X., Hé, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.240094 · Cited by 5
“…found that, among highrisk people (mostly those with CHR), prefrontal levels of gluta mate plus glutamine were significantly greater than among healthy controls; 30 we found support for this in our CHR sample, with comparable small–medium effect sizes in both the pACC and dACC regions.”
Influential
Non-linear variations in glutamate dynamics during a cognitive task engagement in schizophrenia
Graham, J. W. C., Jeon, P., Théberge, J., & Palaniyappan, L. K. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111640 · Cited by 5
Male-biased vulnerability of mouse brain tryptophan/kynurenine and glutamate systems to adolescent exposures to concentrated ambient ultrafine particle air pollution
Cory‐Slechta, D. A., Marvin, E., Welle, K. A., Goeke, C. M., Chalupa, D., Oberdörster, G., & Sobolewski, M. (2024) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.004 · Cited by 6
Glutamate Level’s in Blood Serum of Patients with Schisophrenic Spectrum and Bipolar Affective Disorder
Seregin, A., Smirnova, L., Dmitrieva, E., Vasil'eva, S. N., Semke, A., & Ivanova, S. (2020) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-22-31 · Cited by 2
The Relationship Among Range Adaptation, Social Anhedonia, and Social Functioning: A Combined Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Resting-State fMRI Study
Wang, L.-L., Li, G., Yan, C., Wang, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., Li, J., & Chan, R. C. K. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad116 · Cited by 5
Basal glutamate in the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationships to cognitive proficiency investigated with structural equation modelling
Stanley, J. A., Daugherty, A. M., Gorey, C. L. R., Thomas, P., Khatib, D., Chowdury, A., Rajan, U., Haddad, L., Amirsadri, A., & Diwadkar, V. A. (2023) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2023.2197653 · Cited by 4
“Consistent with several (including recent 7 Tesla) 1 H MRS studies (Merritt et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2019; Godlewska et al. 2021; Smucny et al. 2021; Wijtenburg et al. 2021), basal Glu levels from the dlPFC were not significantly different between SCZ participants and HC.”
Applications of MRI in Schizophrenia: Current Progress in Establishing Clinical Utility
Sun, H. J., Liu, N., Qiu, C., Tao, B., Yang, C., Tang, B., Li, H., Zhan, K., Cai, C., Zhang, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.29470 · Cited by 4
“35 Increased glutamatergic metabolite levels and reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels indicate disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance in schizophrenia.”
Glutamatergic Modulation of Brain Function in Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Varvari, I., Bolte, L., Colli, C., Mancini, V., Nour, M. M., McGuire, P. K., & McCutcheon, R. A. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.07.004 · Cited by 4
“Cognitive dysfunction is associated with NMDAR hypofunction in key cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (15,16), hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (17,18) and subcortical regions including the basal ganglia and thalamus (19,20).”
Lower glutamate level in temporo-parietal junction may predict a better response to tDCS in schizophrenia
Lee, J., Yoon, Y. B., Wijtenburg, S. A., Rowland, L. M., Chen, H., Gaston, F. E., Song, I. C., Cho, K. I. K., Kim, M., Lee, T. Y., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.032 · Cited by 4
Glutamatergic System and Neuroimaging Studies of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Chouinard, V. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.003 · Cited by 4
A Preventive Role of RANTES Genetic Variation against Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Saoud, H., Afia, A. B., Aflouk, Y., Gaha, L., & Jrad, B. B. H. (2022) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.1080/08820139.2022.2067001 · Cited by 4
“This may be particularly relevant for the risk of Scz because patients and those at high risk of developing the disease have abnormal cortical glutamate levels (Merritt et al. 2016).”
Background
Early magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Toward a fetal imaging perspective
Hayat, T. T. A., & Sami, M. B. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000218 · Cited by 2
Restoring synaptic balance in schizophrenia: Insights from a thalamo-cortical conductance-based model
Berndt, L. C. S., Singh, K. D., & Shaw, A. D. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf149 · Cited by 3
Neuronal Synaptic Communication and Mitochondrial Energetics in Human Health and Disease
Glausier, J. R. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89525-8_5 · Cited by 2
Painting psychosis: an empirical investigation of the self-portraits of Edvard Munch
Bettelheim, E. C., Liu, J., Dazzan, P., & Turkheimer, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1643264 · Cited by 5
“This appears to be related to changing dysregulation of neurotransmitters notably dopamine (141), but also involving glutamate (142), serotonin and GABA (143, 144).”
Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 3 Modulates Thalamo-accumbal Transmission and Rescues Schizophrenia-Like Physiological and Behavioral Deficits
Dogra, S., Aguayo, C., Xiang, Z., Putnam, J., Smith, J., Johnston, C., Foster, D. J., Lindsley, C. W., Niswender, C. M., & Conn, P. J. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.023 · Cited by 4
GABA, glutamate dynamics and BOLD observed during cognitive processing in psychosis patients with hallucinatory traits
Craven, A. R., Dwyer, G. E., Ersland, L., Kazimierczak, K., Lilleskare, L., Noeske, R., Sandøy, L. B., Johnsen, E., & Hugdahl, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03644-x · Cited by 3
Glutamatergic mechanisms in early salience processing
Lockhofen, D. E. L., Hübner, N., Debnath, R., Rumpf, K. P., Sander, M., Wolff, M., Luxi, D., Roller, L., & Mulert, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1601797 · Cited by 3
Neurochemical models of psychosis risk and onset
Oliver, D., Modinos, G., & McGuire, P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813201-2.00012-0 · Cited by 2
Reward disturbances in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis and their association to glutamate levels
Tangmose, K., Rostrup, E., Bojesen, K. B., Sigvard, A. K., Jessen, K., Johansen, L. B., Glenthoj, B. Y., & Nielsen, M. Ø. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721003305 · Cited by 6
Glutamate levels across deep brain structures in patients with a psychotic disorder and its relation to cognitive functioning
Broeders, T. A. A., Bhogal, A. A., Morsinkhof, L. M., Schoonheim, M. M., Röder, C. H., Edens, M., Klomp, D. W. J., Wijnen, J. P., & Vinkers, C. H. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221077199 · Cited by 3
“5–4 Tesla in schizophrenia, reported elevated Glx (Merritt et al., 2016), while earlier meta-analyses reported more heterogeneous results (Marsman et al.”
ResultInfluential
Identification of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists using the rat postnatal mixed cortical and hippocampal neurons
Voldřich, J., Matoušová, M., Šmídková, M., Slavı́ková, B., Chodounská, H., Kudová, E., & Mertlíková‐Kaiserová, H. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175056 · Cited by 3
Histamine-3 Receptor Availability and Glutamate Levels in the Brain: A PET-1H-MRS Study of Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls
Arumuham, A., Nour, M. M., Veronese, M., Beck, K., Onwordi, E. C., Lythgoe, D. J., Jauhar, S., Rabiner, E. A., & Howes, O. D. (2024) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyae011 · Cited by 3
“Studies have found that patients with schizophrenia have higher levels of striatal glutamate levels compared with healthy volunteers (Merritt et al., 2016; Nakahara et al., 2022).”
BackgroundResult
Glutamate Concentration in the Superior Temporal Sulcus Relates to Neuroticism in Schizophrenia
Balz, J., Romero, Y. R., Keil, J., Schubert, F., Ittermann, B., Ralf Mekle, A., Montag, C., Gallinat, J., & Senkowski, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00578 · Cited by 3
Association of SLC6A3 variants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a genetic association study of dopamine-related genes in schizophrenia
Kogure, M., Kanahara, N., Miyazawa, A., Shiko, Y., Otsuka, I., Matsuyama, K., Takase, M., Kimura, M., Kimura, H., Ota, K., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1334335 · Cited by 2
Aging in Schizophrenia: Perspectives on Molecular Mechanisms and a Mini-review
Weerasekera, A., Dost, Ö., & Fei, D. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf099 · Cited by 2
Concerted elevations of cortical and striatal glutamate and GABA in antipsychotic-free individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Girgis, R. R., de la Fuente‐Sandoval, C., Lewis‐Fernández, R., Reyes-Madrigal, F., Wall, M. M., Hua, J., Mao, X., Malacara, M., Kegeles, L. S., & Shungu, D. C. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02251-8 · Cited by 2
“The ﬁ ndings from several meta-and mega-analyses of glutamatergic [20 – 26] and/or GABAergic [20, 23 – 25 , 27] metabolites in schizophrenia and /or Additionally, some studies of antipsychotic-free patients include patients who have only stopped taking medications within days, which is not enough…”
Influential
A novel strategy for enhanced schizophrenia detection using established CNN architectures
Allahgholi, A., Maghooli, K., & Gholamine, B. (2025) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-025-02093-2 · Cited by 2
Neuroradiological features across major psychiatric disorders and behavioral variant of Alzheimer’s disease: a concise multimodal synthesis
Dindarian, S., Chaganti, J. R., Rafiei, N., & Faro, S. H. (2026) · Psychoradiology · doi:10.1093/psyrad/kkag004 · Cited by 2
“Schizophrenia tends to show reductions in NAA and altered Glu/Gln cycling within frontal and temporal cortices, consistent with neuronal dysfunction and dysregulated excitatory transmission (Krag-uljac et al. , 2012 ; Merritt et al. , 2016 ).”
Glutamate and N-Acetylaspartate Alterations Observed in Early Phase Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies
Bissonnette, J. N., Francis, A. M., MacNeil, S. E., Crocker, C. E., Tibbo, P. G., & Fisher, D. J. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111459 · Cited by 2
Elucidating gut microbiota–hippocampus interactions in emerging psychosis: A new perspective for the development of early interventions for memory impairments
Iseli, G. C., Ulrich, S., & Schmidt, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098019 · Cited by 2
“In accordance with the MAM model, elevated hippocampal glutamate levels have been observed in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (32, 33), first-episode schizophrenia (34), FEP patients with >12 months duration of untreated psychosis (6) and CHR individuals (35, 36).”
Background
Establishment of a Mitochondrial Metabolism-Related Diagnostic Model in Schizophrenia Based on LASSO Algorithm
Liu, Y., Lin, H., Liu, M., Lin, L., & Wen, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2024.0011 · Cited by 2
“34 Taken together, these findings suggest that DEMRGs may regulate the disease progression of individuals with schizophrenia by modulating these biological processes.”
Background
What value do NMDA receptor antagonist models of schizophrenia have for novel drug discovery?
Adell, A. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2025.2562017 · Cited by 2
Striatal and Thalamic Auditory Response During Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor: Implications for Psychosis
Gault, J., Thompson, J. A., Maharajh, K., Hosokawa, P. W., Stevens, K. E., D, A. O. M., Liedtke, E. I., Ojemann, A., Ojemann, S. G., & Abosch, A. (2020) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13101 · Cited by 2
Dopamine and Response to Antipsychotic Medication
Ntephe, C., & Demjaha, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_14 · Cited by 2
Medications for Psychosis: Dopamine Blockers and Dopamine Partial Agonists (Antipsychotics)
Uchida, H., Kim, E., Jarskog, L. F., Fleischhacker, W. W., Remington, G. J., & Lieberman, J. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_134-1 · Cited by 2

Authors: Merritt, K., Egerton, A., Kempton, M. J., Taylor, M. J., & McGuire, P. K.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Merritt, Kate
ORCID: Merritt, Kate
Egerton, Alice
Kempton, Matthew J.
Taylor, Matthew J.
McGuire, Philip K.
Venue: JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2016-07-01
Volume: 73
Issue: 7
Pages: 665
ISSN: 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0442
OpenAlex: W2424710696
Cited by: 367
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 34.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research
King's College London
Medical Research Council (MR/L003988/1, MR/J008915/1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: schizophrenia, glutamate, glutamine, glutamatergic neurotransmission, basal ganglia, thalamus, medial temporal lobe, medial frontal cortex, first-episode psychosis, clinical high risk for psychosis, chronic schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, antipsychotic dosing, symptom severity, neuroimaging biomarkers
MeSH terms: Brain, Brain Mapping, Glutamine, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Glutamic Acid, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Nature of Glutamate Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks