Cognitive Impairment and Depression-Cause, Consequence, or Coincidence?

Halahakoon, D. Chamith; Lewis, Glyn; Roiser, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3631

Cited by 50Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchCancer-related cognitive impairment studiesTreatment of Major Depression

Cognitive Impairment and Depression-Cause, Consequence, or Coincidence?

Halahakoon, D. Chamith, Lewis, Glyn, Roiser, Jonathan P.·2019·JAMA Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3631

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3631

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cognitive impairment may be implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms.
“While cognitive impairment may be implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms [222]”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [222]
Factors such as low cognitive ability/function, cognitive vulnerability, cognitive impairment or deficits, subjective cognitive decline, regression of dendritic branching and hippocampal atrophy/death of hippocampal cells, impaired neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis-related aspects have been linked to depression.
“The results show that factors, such as low cognitive ability/function, cognitive vulnerability, cognitive impairment or deficits, subjective cognitive decline, regression of dendritic branching and hippocampal atrophy/death of hippocampal cells, impaired neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis-related aspects, have been linked to depression [131,212,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,2”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [222]
According to the 'cognitive neuropsychological' model of depression, negative affective biases play a central part in the development of depression.
“according to the ‘cognitive neuropsychological’ model of depression, negative affective biases play a central part in the development of depression [222,241].”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [222]
A family history of cognitive impairment (in first degree relatives) is linked to depression.
“Halahakoon et al. [222] note a meta-analysis [240] that shows that a family history of cognitive impairment (in first degree relatives) is also linked to depression.”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [222]
Negative information processing biases are important in depression.
“negative information processing biases are also important”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [222]

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression
eQTLGen, Wray, N. R., 23andMe, the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3 · Cited by 3,005 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002535 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Genetic Basis of Complex Human Behaviors
Plomin, R. J., Owen, M. J., & McGuffin, P. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8209254 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
Davies, G., Lam, M., Harris, S. E., Trampush, J. W., Michelle Luciano, A., Hill, W. D., Hagenaars, S. P., Ritchie, S. J., Marioni, R. E., Fawns‐Ritchie, C., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Cognitive Mechanisms of Treatment in Depression
Roiser, J. P., Elliott, R., & Sahakian, B. J. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.183 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citation
Presence of individual (residual) symptoms during depressive episodes and periods of remission: a 3-year prospective study
Conradi, H. J., Ormel, J., & de Jonge, P. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001911 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: a longitudinal study
Evans, J., Melotti, R., Heron, J., Ramchandani, P., Wiles, N., Murray, L., & Stein, A. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02513.x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The effect of postnatal depression on mother–infant interaction, infant response to the Still-face perturbation, and performance on an Instrumental Learning task
Stanley, C. A., Murray, L., & Stein, A. L. (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404044384 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function
Pearson, R. M., Bornstein, M. H., Cordero, M., Scerif, G., Mahedy, L., Evans, J., Abioye, A., & Stein, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12483 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The association between cognitive function and subsequent depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Scult, M. A., Paulli, A. R., Mazure, E. S., Moffitt, T. E., Hariri, A. R., & Strauman, T. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002075 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis
MacKenzie, L. E., Uher, R., & Pavlova, B. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3672 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Age- and puberty-dependent association between IQ score in early childhood and depressive symptoms in adolescence
Glaser, B., Gunnell, D., Timpson, N. J., Joinson, C. J., Zammit, S., Smith, G. D., & Lewis, G. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000814 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is low cognitive functioning a predictor or consequence of major depressive disorder? A test in two longitudinal birth cohorts
Schaefer, J. D., Scult, M. A., Caspi, A., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D. W., Hariri, A. R., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Ramrakha, S., Poulton, R., et al. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941700164x · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 17 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature
Remes, O., Mendes, J. F., & Templeton, P. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11121633 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Air pollution and human cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thompson, R., Smith, R. B., Karim, Y. B., Shen, C., Drummond, K., Teng, C., & Toledano, M. B. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160234 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Functional connectivity between the entorhinal and posterior cingulate cortices underpins navigation discrepancies in at-risk Alzheimer's disease
Coughlan, G., Zhukovsky, P., Puthusseryppady, V., Gillings, R., Minihane, A. M., Cameron, D., & Hornberger, M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A computational approach to understanding effort-based decision-making in depression
Valton, V., Mkrtchian, A., Moses-Payne, M. E., Gray, A., Kieslich, K., VanUrk, S., Samborska, V., Halahakoon, D. C., Manohar, S., Dayan, P., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725101967 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of sensory impairments and eye diseases on cognitive function in elderly Chinese: The mediating effects of social participation
Zhou, X., & Wu, H. Y. (2023) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.13.04068 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of physio-cognitive dual-task training on cognition in pre-ageing and older adults with neurocognitive disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trial
Hong, X. L., Cheng, L. J., Feng, R. C., Goh, J., Gyanwali, B., Itoh, S., Tam, W., & Wu, X. V. (2023) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.105161 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ethics and the impossibility of the consent form: Ethnography in a Danish nursing home
Balkin, E. J., Kollerup, M. G., Kymre, I. G., Martinsen, B., & Grønkjær, M. (2023) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101110 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Subjective cognitive decline in Brazil: Prevalence and association with dementia modifiable risk factors in a population‐based study
Borelli, W. V., Zimmer, E. R., Bieger, A., Coelho, B. B., Pascoal, T. A., Chaves, M. L. F., Amariglio, R. E., & Castilhos, R. M. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12368 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Incarcerated Older Adults
Baillargeon, J., Linthicum, L. C., Murray, O. J., Raji, M. A., Kuo, Y., Pulvino, J. S., Milani, S. A., Williams, B. A., Baillargeon, G. M., Blair, P. A., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbad136 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve and other determinants of cognitive function in older adults: Insights from a community-based cross-sectional study
Kaur, A., Sonal, A., Ghosh, T. K., & Ahamed, F. (2023) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2458_22 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Speech as a Biomarker for Disease Detection
Botelho, C., Abad, A., Schultz, T., & Trancoso, I. M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3506433 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation in mice with advanced maternal age and cognitive function of the offspring.
Dao, L., Wang, K., Yang, Z., Li, H., & Wang, S. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Immune gene co-expression signatures implicated in occurence and persistence of cognitive dysfunction in depression
Zang, J. C. S., Hohoff, C., Assche, E. V., Lange, P., Kraft, M., Sandmann, S., Varghese, J., Jörgens, S., Knight, M. J., & Baune, B. T. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110826 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Objectifying persistent subjective cognitive impairment following COVID-19 infection: cross-sectional data from an outpatient memory-clinic in Germany
Tarantini, L., Möller, C., Schiestl, V., Sordon, S., Noll‐Hussong, M., Wittemann, M., Menzie, N., & Riemenschneider, M. J. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-01978-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Incident Dementia Among Older Cubans
Peeters, G. M. E. E., Almirall‐Sánchez, A., Guerra, J. L., LAWLOR, B. A., Kenny, R. A., Yaffe, K. S., & Rodríguez, J. J. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00481 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality and cognitive inhibition ability in prenatal pregnant women
Bao, C., Wang, Y., Le, T. T., Xu, L., Tang, W., Zou, W., Bao, Y., Xu, D., & Zhao, K. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04976-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Effects on Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain: Implications for Procognitive Action
de Cates, A. N., Martens, M., Wright, L. C., Gibson, D., Spitz, G., van Praag, C. G., Suri, S., Cowen, P. J., Murphy, S. E., & Harmer, C. J. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Association between age-related macular degeneration and subjective cognitive complaints
Zhu, Z., Liao, H., Wang, W., Scheetz, J., Zhang, J., & He, M. (2019) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314853 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effects of activity participation and cognitive levels on depression in middle-aged and older adults with chronic illness: a national cross-sectional study
Jin, L., & Jing, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1415715 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cognitive abilities of institutionalized older persons with depressive symptoms
Felício, L. F. F., Leão, L. L., Souza, E. H. E. E., Machado, F. S. M., Laks, J., Deslandes, A. C., de Paula, A. M. B., & Monteiro-Júnior, R. S. (2022) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000383 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Combined associations of vitamin D and cognitive function with all-cause mortality among older adults in Chinese longevity areas: A prospective cohort study
Dai, M., Song, Q., Wang, X., Li, Y., Lin, T., Liang, R., Jiang, T., Shu, X., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1024341 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Investigating the causal association of postpartum depression with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study
Li, J., Li, J., Shen, L., Wang, H., Tian, Z., Hui, Y., & Li, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196055 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Distinctive neuropsychological profiles of lateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Longo, A., Houot, M., Herlin, B., Méré, M., Denos, M., Samson, S., & Dupont, S. (2021) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108411 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Genetic similarities and differences among distinct definitions of depression
Wu, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, C., Li, M., & Li, Y. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114843 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Executive functioning in matrescence and implications for perinatal depression
Ghadimi, T. R., & McCormack, C. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1663017 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Association Between Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms
Li, W., Hu, N., Yang, X., Zheng, W., Tong, J., Song, J., Song, Y., Gao, X., Wang, Z., Liu, W., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s524185 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Biopsychosocial factors of depression among community-dwelling geriatric population with low perceived social support; a population-based study
Balqis-Ali, N. Z., Ahmad, N., Minhat, H. S., & Azman, A. Z. F. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05211-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Higher Dynamic Balance Performance Was Associated With Cognitive Function Among U.S. Community-Dwelling Low-Income Older Adults
Komalasari, R., Mpofu, E., (Chang), H. C. (., Tallutondok, E. B., Uligraff, D. K., Zhan, R., & Thiamwong, L. (2024) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608241296629 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kosovo sexual minorities: A mental health crisis
Llullaku, N., Selimi, R., Roest, J. J., & van der Helm, P. (2023) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2023.2213217 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive dysfunction associated with non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of impulsivity and the moderating role of addictive features
Li, G., Wang, R. L., Fu, T., Tong, S., & Tian, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1552165 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The recoverability, reliability, and generalizability of reward processing parameters and relation to mental health symptoms
Pike, A. C., Rowan Board, Travers, E., Croal, M., Lam, Y. C., Valton, V., Robinson, O. J., & Roiser, J. P. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726105340 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
The interplay of emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, and age under a COVID-19 lockdown: Capturing emotion regulation variability, effort, and success
de la Fuente, D., Könen, T., In‐Albon, T., Schemer, L., & Karbach, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100812 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alcohol, Depression, and Anxiety
Onaemo, V. N., & Chireh, B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32046-0_130-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pro-cognitive effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonism in individuals with remitted depression
de Cates, A. N., Hamilton, S., Guru, A., Blandhol, M., Colwell, M., Cowen, P. J., Simmons, M., Jones, B., Harmer, C. J., & Murphy, S. E. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104450 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Depressive Realism and Analyst Forecast Accuracy
Jannati, S., Khalaf, S., & Nguyen, D. (2020) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107526 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alcohol, Depression, and Anxiety
Onaemo, V. N., & Chireh, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_130 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Associations Between a History of Depression and Cognitive Performance Among Older Adults in Shandong, China
Yuan, B., & Yiengprugsawan, V. (2019) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00461-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Studying cognitive function in patients with a long-standing diagnosis of SWEDD
Jesuthasan, A., Garcia, L. R., & Pavese, N. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120353 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impaired cognition in end stage kidney disease: Prevalence, predictors and differences between treatment
Nicholas, P. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.203098
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitive And Functional Difficulties Among Adolescents Living With HIV In Low-Resourced Settings: Can A Simple Screening Algorithm Identify Adolescents For Support?Preprint
Natukunda, H. P. M., Toska, E., Boyes, M. E., Sherr, L., Hoare, J., Nightingale, S., & Cluver, L. D. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-71577/v1
Trends and Insights in Cognitive Impairment and Depression Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis
Alsulaiman, F. A., Alabdali, M. M., Aljaafari, D., Alsulaiman, A. A., Alzahrani, S. I., Alyahya, R. M., Alshurem, M., Alsulaiman, A. A., & Ghamdi, O. A. (2025) · Annals of African Medicine · doi:10.4103/aam.aam_258_24
A Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Functions Among Older Adults Distressed by Body Pain: Findings From a National China Survey
Zhang, W., Sun, H., Feng, Y., Sha, S., Su, Z., Cheung, T. C. C., Ungvari, G. S., Jackson, T., Zhang, Q.-E., & Xiang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/08919887251360261
Cognition and future depression: associations with risk in those with and without a history of depression
de Cates, A. N., Lee, A. H. Y., Winchester, L. M., Ebmeier, K. P., Lalousis, P. A., Upthegrove, R., Murphy, S. E., Harmer, C. J., Nichols, T. E., & Topiwala, A. (2026) · BMJ Mental Health · doi:10.1136/bmjment-2025-302332
Association between excessive daytime sleepiness and depression among Chinese adolescents: the chain mediating effect of fatigue and cognitive deficits
Liu, W., Yu, Y., Zheng, W., Song, W., Fu, Y., Di, Y., Li, S., Liu, Z., Wang, L., Yang, X., et al. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-09027-9
The Dynamic Interplay Among Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Self-Rated Health in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel StudyPreprint
Yang, F., & Yu, D. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8894238/v1
A prospective examination of the role of psychosocial factors as mediators between childhood maltreatment and cognitive impairment in late midlife
Maxfield, M., Courtney, K., & Widom, C. S. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging · doi:10.1002/bsa3.70088
The Co-development of Depressive Symptoms and Problem Behaviors in Chinese Children and the Effect of Psychological Suzhi: A Longitudinal Study
Su, Z., Ma, Z., & Ma, J. (2026) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-026-02393-y
Associations of cognitive impairment and physical disability with the risk and reversibility of depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults
Zhang, R., Jiang, C., Guan, Z., Sun, X., Caotian, G., & Teng, W. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-08065-7
Adverse policing as a social exposome pathway: Implications for depression, cognition, and dementia risk
Pugh, E., Calle, M. T., Babulal, G. M., & Adkins‐Jackson, P. B. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71790
Activating patient continuity of care through nonverbal signal: The role of physicians’ voice in online depression treatment
Pan, W., Wang, J., Wang, X., Zuo, Z., & Pan, W. (2026) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2026.101645

Authors: Halahakoon, D. C., Lewis, G., & Roiser, J. P.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
ORCID: Lewis, Glyn
Roiser, Jonathan P.
Venue: JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2019-03-01
Volume: 76
Issue: 3
Pages: 239
ISSN: 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3631
OpenAlex: W2906535216
Cited by: 50
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 1.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (101798/Z/13/Z)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: cognitive impairment, depression, comorbidities, causal relationship, executive function
MeSH terms: Cognition, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Cognitive Impairment and Depression-Cause, Consequence, or Coincidence?

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks