Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Preface. List of Abbreviations. A guide to the book. 1. Introduction. 1.1 The vision of Ambient Intelligence. 1.2 Application examples. 1.3 Types of applications. 1.4 Challenges for WSNs. 1.5 Why are sensor networks different? 1.6 Enabling technologies. PART I: ARCHITECTURES. 2. Single node architecture. 2.1 Hardware components. 2.2 Energy consumption of sensor nodes. 2.3 Operating systems and execution environments. 2.4 Some examples of sensor nodes. 2.5 Conclusion. 3. Network architecture. 3.1 Sensor network scenarios. 3.2 Optimization goals & figures of merit. 3.3 Design principles for WSNs. 3.4 Service interfaces of WSNs. 3.5 Gateway concepts. 3.6 Conclusion. PART II: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS. 4. Physical Layer. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Wireless channel and communication fundamentals. 4.3 Physical layer & transceiver design considerations in WSNs. 4.4 Further reading. 5. MAC Protocols 133 5.1 Fundamentals of (wireless) MAC protocols. 5.2 Low duty cycle protocols and wakeup concepts. 5.3 Contention-based protocols. 5.4 Schedule-based protocols. 5.5 The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. 5.6 How about IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth? 5.7 Further reading. 5.8 Conclusion. 6. Link Layer Protocols. 6.1 Fundamentals: Tasks and requirements. 6.2 Error control. 6.3 Framing. 6.4 Link management. 6.5 Summary. 7. Naming and Addressing. 7.1 Fundamentals. 7.2 Address and name management in wireless sensor networks. 7.3 Assignment of MAC addresses. 7.4 Distributed assignment of locally unique addresses. 7.5 Content-based and geographic addressing. 7.6 Summary. 8. Time Synchronization. 8.1 Introduction to the time synchronization problem. 8.2 Protocols based on sender/receiver synchronization. 8.3 Protocols based on receiver/receiver synchronization. 8.4 Further reading. 9. Localization and Positioning. 9.1 Properties of positioning. 9.2 Possible approaches. 9.3 Mathematical basics for the lateration problem. 9.4 Single-hop localization. 9.5 Positioning in multi-hop environments. 9.6 Impact of anchor placement. 9.7 Further reading. 9.8 Conclusion. 10. Topology control 295 10.1 Motivation and basic ideas. 10.2 Flat network topologies. 10.3 Hierarchical networks by dominating sets. 10.4 Hierarchical networks by clustering. 10.5 Combining hierarchical topologies and power control. 10.6 Adaptive node activity. 10.7 Conclusions. 11. Routing protocols. 11.1 The many faces of forwarding and routing. 11.2 Gossiping and agent-based unicast forwarding. 11.3 Energy-efficient unicast. 11.4 Broadcast and multicast. 11.5 Geographic routing. 11.6 Mobile nodes. 11.7 Conclusions. 12. Data-centric and content-based networking 395. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Data-centric routing. 12.3 Data aggregation. 12.4 Data-centric storage. 12.5 Conclusions. 13. Transport Layer and Quality of Service. 13.1 The transport layer and QoS in wireless sensor networks. 13.2 Coverage and deployment. 13.3 Reliable data transport. 13.5 Block delivery. 13.6 Congestion control and rate control. 14. Advanced application support. 14.1 Advanced in-network processing. 14.2 Security. 14.3 Application-specific support. Bibliography. Index.