A Survey on 5G Networks for the Internet of Things: Communication Technologies and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology which tends to revolutionize and connect the global world via heterogeneous smart devices through seamless connectivity. The current demand for machine-type communications (MTC) has resulted in a variety of communication technologies with diverse service requirements to achieve the modern IoT vision. More recent cellular standards like long-term evolution (LTE) have been introduced for mobile devices but are not well suited for low-power and low data rate devices such as the IoT devices. To address this, there is a number of emerging IoT standards. Fifth generation (5G) mobile network, in particular, aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards and be a potential key enabler for future IoT. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the IoT application requirements along with their associated communication technologies are surveyed. In addition, the third generation partnership project cellular-based low-power wide area solutions to support and enable the new service requirements for Massive to Critical IoT use cases are discussed in detail, including extended coverage global system for mobile communications for the Internet of Things, enhanced machine-type communications, and narrowband-Internet of Things. Furthermore, 5G new radio enhancements for new service requirements and enabling technologies for the IoT are introduced. This paper presents a comprehensive review related to emerging and enabling technologies with main focus on 5G mobile networks that is envisaged to support the exponential traffic growth for enabling the IoT. The challenges and open research directions pertinent to the deployment of massive to critical IoT applications are also presented in coming up with an efficient context-aware congestion control mechanism.
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Existing surveys on QoE in IoT focus on network metrics to assess QoE.
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From QoE in IoT: a vision, survey and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Blockchain is capable of providing full control of monitoring personal data when sharing on the network, unlike traditional approaches that hinder users from tracking their data.
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From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Blockchain is capable of providing full control of personal data when sharing on the network, unlike traditional approaches that hinder users from tracking their data.
“Blockchain is capable of providing full control of personal data when sharing on the network, which is unique from all traditional approaches which hinder users from tracking their data [12].”
From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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Fizza, K., Banerjee, A., Mitra, K., Jayaraman, P. P., Ranjan, R., Patel, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2021) · Discover Internet of Things · doi:10.1007/s43926-021-00006-7 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Quantum secured 6G technology-based applications in Internet of Everything
Prateek, K., Ojha, N. K., Altaf, F., & Maity, S. (2023) · Telecommunication Systems · doi:10.1007/s11235-022-00979-y · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Namugenyi, E. E., Sansa Otim, J., Zennaro, M., Wolthusen, S., & Nsabagwa, M. (2025) · Frontiers in the Internet of Things · doi:10.3389/friot.2025.1520653 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Akpakwu, G. A., Silva, B. J., Hancke, G. P., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi (NG)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (ZA)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 3619-3647
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2771152181
- Cited by
- 1,293
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 191 · 2021: 236 · 2020: 232 · 2019: 199 · 2018: 80
- FWCI
- 58.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion)
- CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Department of Research and International Support, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Meraka Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT Networks and Protocols
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Data and IoT Technologies
- Keywords
- 5G, Internet of Things, machine-type communication, LTE, low-power wide-area networks, NB-IoT, 5G NR
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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