The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Meta‐Analysis Of Controlled Clinical Trials
Abstract
Introduction Protocol development Estimating the treatment difference in an individual trial Combining estimates of a treatment difference across trials Meta--analysis using individual patient data Dealing with heterogeneity Presentation and interpretation of results Selection bias Dealing with non--standard datasets Inclusion of trials with different study designs A Bayesian approach to meta--analysis Sequential methods for meta--analysis Appendix Methods of estimation and hypothesis testing
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods make this assumption (Whitehead, 2002), and we now discuss the extent to which classical and Bayesian approaches with a normal distribution for the random effects allow the important questions to be addressed.”
From A Re-Evaluation of Random-Effects Meta-Analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Whitehead, 2002
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 825
Evidence-Based Medicine and Rare Diseases
Day, S. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_12 · Cited by 6
Moradian, S., Maguire, R., Liu, G., Krzyzanowska, M. K., Butler, M. O., Cheung, C. C., Signorile, M., Gregorio, N., Ghasemi, S., & Howell, D. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/38758 · Cited by 6
Rabiee, A. R., Lean, I. J., & Stevenson, M. A. (2004) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2004.36456 · Cited by 6
Methodological considerations in network meta-analysis
Hassan, S., Ravishankar, N., & Nair, N. S. (2015) · International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health · doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2015.21012015131 · Cited by 6
Motivational interviewing and acquired brain injury
Holloway, M. (2012) · Social Care and Neurodisability · doi:10.1108/20420911211268740 · Cited by 6
Smith, C. T., Jorgensen, A., Alfirević, Ž., & Williamson, P. R. (2005) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-5-5 · Cited by 6
Assessment of antirheumatic activity in man
Bellamy, N., & Buchanan, W. W. (1990) · Baillière s Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80003-2 · Cited by 6
Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess
Cheng, Y., Xiong, X., Lu, J., Wu, S., Zhou, R., Lin, Y., & Cheng, N. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011670 · Cited by 5
Baskurt, S., Babchishin, K. M., Hilkes, G., & Seto, M. C. (2025) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080 · Cited by 5
Meta-analysis for functions of heterogeneous multivariate effect sizes
Hafdahl, A. R. (2009) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7p55kj8 · Cited by 5
Zang, J., Xu, J., Xiang, C., Zou, S., & He, J. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiological Research · doi:10.5430/jer.v1n1p25 · Cited by 6
Sudell, M., Kolamunnage‐Dona, R., Gueyffier, F., et al. (2018) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7961 · Cited by 5
Mehl, H. L., Dufault, N. S., Allen, T. W., et al. (2019) · Plant Disease · doi:10.1094/pdis-06-19-1150-re · Cited by 5
Tan, S. H. S., Lim, S. Y., Wong, K. L., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Knee Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1681052 · Cited by 5
Wang, L., Lam, H., Shou, Y., & Galaznik, A. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26904 · Cited by 5
Secondary analysis in the social sciences and its relation to futures studies
Vezzoni, C. (2015) · On the Horizon The International Journal of Learning Futures · doi:10.1108/oth-02-2015-0006 · Cited by 7
Doi, K., Mieno, M., Shimada, Y., et al. (2014) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1093/jrr/rru045 · Cited by 5
Marchenko, O., Jiang, Q., Chuang‐Stein, C., Mehta, C. R., Levenson, M. S., Russek‐Cohen, E., Liu, L.-Y., Sanchez‐Kam, M., Zink, R. C., Ke, C., et al. (2017) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2017.1280411 · Cited by 5
Yuan, Y., Thabane, L., & Hunt, R. H. (2006) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02857.x · Cited by 5
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerisi Üzerine Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
SEZER, E. A., Küçüktepe, S. E., & Yıldız, N. (2022) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.990873 · Cited by 4
Mixture Random Effect Model Based Meta-analysis for Medical Data Mining
Xia, Y., Weng, S., Zhang, C., & Li, S. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11510888_62 · Cited by 4
Pereira, T., Rudnicki, M., Soler, J. M. P., & Krieger, J. E. (2006) · Clinics · doi:10.1590/s1807-59322006000200016 · Cited by 4
Madden, L. V., Moraes, W. B., Hughes, G., et al. (2021) · Phytopathology · doi:10.1094/phyto-02-21-0056-r · Cited by 4
Borhan, S., Mallick, R. B., Pillay, M., Kathard, H., & Thabane, L. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100405 · Cited by 5
Schröer, S., Mayer-Berger, W., & Pieper, C. (2021) · Die Rehabilitation · doi:10.1055/a-1338-0613 · Cited by 4
Borhan, S., Ma, J., Παπαϊωάννου, Α., Adachi, J. D., & Thabane, L. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101115 · Cited by 3
Ding, J., Fan, W., Chen, H.-H., et al. (2015) · Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] · doi:10.1007/s11596-015-1406-5 · Cited by 4
Dickersin, K. (2015) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1147 · Cited by 4
Boev, R., Song, D. J., Bedenbaugh, A. V., & Haeusler, J.-M. (2010) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.537319 · Cited by 4
Meta-analysis of two-arm studies: Modeling the intervention effect from survival probabilities
Combescure, C., Courvoisier, D. S., Haller, G., et al. (2012) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280212469716 · Cited by 4
Frequency of dosing and comparative doses of mometasone furoate: A meta‐analysis
Hart, K., Weatherall, M. W., Shirtcliffe, P., et al. (2009) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01632.x · Cited by 4
Performance of selected imputation techniques for missing variances in meta-analysis
Idris, N. R. N., Abdullah, M. H., & Tolos, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/435/1/012037 · Cited by 4
Peters, J., Sutton, A. J., Jones, D. R. H., Abrams, K. R., & Rushton, L. (2008) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807030802494592 · Cited by 4
Meta-analysis and Publication Bias in Medical Research
Hamada, C., Nakanishi, Y., & Matsuoka, N. (2006) · Japanese Journal of Biometrics · doi:10.5691/jjb.27.139 · Cited by 4
Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials
Cappelleri, J. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Lau, J. (2018) · doi:10.1201/9781351110273-130001125 · Cited by 4
Guo, T., Chen, C., Chiang, C., et al. (2020) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2020.1797866 · Cited by 4
A hierarchical meta‐analysis for settings involving multiple outcomes across multiple cohorts
Hocagil, T. A., RYAN, L. M., Cook, R. J., Jacobson, S. W., Richardson, G. A., Day, N. L., Coles, C. D., Olson, H. C., & Jacobson, J. L. (2022) · Stat · doi:10.1002/sta4.462 · Cited by 5
Campbell, M. J. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470755839.ch5 · Cited by 4
Roth, L., Rodríguez‐Álvarez, M. X., van Eeuwijk, F. A., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442243 · Cited by 4
Unverzagt, S., Hirsch, K., Buerke, M., Thiele, H., Haerting, J., Werdan, K., & Prondzinsky, R. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009669 · Cited by 4
Meta analysis of the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle
ÇELİK, E., & Akçay, A. (2024) · Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society · doi:10.12681/jhvms.31916 · Cited by 3
Varese, F., Sudell, M., Morrison, A. P., Longden, E., & Smith, C. T. (2024) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/ncfr5074 · Cited by 4
Coffey, R., Bergin, D., & Cummins, E. (2010) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2010.526505 · Cited by 3
Overall heritability in popcorn estimated by meta-analysis
Clóvis, L. R., Pinto, R. J. B., Uhdre, R. S., et al. (2021) · Acta Scientiarum Agronomy · doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.53721 · Cited by 3
Effect of IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism on clinical manifestations of dengue: a meta-analysis
Kaur, G., Gupta, K., Singh, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12041-021-01344-9 · Cited by 3
A note regarding alternative explanations for heterogeneity in meta‐analysis
Senn, S. J., Schmitz, S., Schritz, A., & Araújo, A. (2022) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9403 · Cited by 3
Patient-Level Meta-analysis of Clofarabine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Jeha, S., Goto, H., Baruchel, A., et al. (2023) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02696-7 · Cited by 3
Using Contour Plots to Assess the Sensitivity of Clinical Trial Design Assumptions
Zink, R. C., & Jiang, X. (2016) · Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science · doi:10.1177/2168479016654738 · Cited by 2
Sudell, M., Smith, C. T., Gueyffier, F., et al. (2017) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7585 · Cited by 3
Combining study outcome measures using dominance adjusted weights
Makambi, K. H., & Lu, W. (2013) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1073 · Cited by 3
Olliaro, P., & Vaillant, M. (2010) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.08.004 · Cited by 3
Semiparametric hazard function estimation in meta‐analysis for time to event data
Wang, J. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1047 · Cited by 3
Established therapies and novel targets in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Dézsi, L., & Vécsei, L. (2009) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/ecp.09.47 · Cited by 3
Prutsky, G. J., Domecq, J. P., Elraiyah, T. A., Wang, Z., Grohskopf, L. A., Prokop, L. J., Montori, V. M., & Murad, M. H. (2012) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-65 · Cited by 3
Meta-analysis in clinical research
Julious, S. A. (2013) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280213482391 · Cited by 3
Maximizing Return on Investment in Phase II Proof-of-Concept Trials
Chen, C., Beckman, R. A., & Sun, L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09075-7_9 · Cited by 3
Al-khalidi, B., Ewusie, J. E., Hamid, J. S., & Kimball, S. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027349 · Cited by 3
Blettner, M., Krahn, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09834-0_21 · Cited by 3
Quality of Meta-Analysis in terms of actual Statistical analysis
Jude-Eze, E. N. (2011) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 3
van Aert, R. C. M. (2020) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/9tmua · Cited by 3
Penalized Bayesian methods for product ranking using both positive and negative references
Laloux, C., Boulanger, B., Bastien, P., Carlin, B. P., Monseur, A., Guillou, C., Mercurio, D. G., & Jouni, H. (2025) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543406.2025.2489287 · Cited by 2
Forecasting the critical role of intermittent therapies for the control of bone resorption
Idrees, M. Q., Sohail, A., & Javed, S. (2019) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.04.023 · Cited by 2
Graham, E., Harbron, C. G., & Jaki, T. (2023) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/09622802231151218 · Cited by 2
Within-study covariance estimators for network meta-analysis with contrast-based approach
Noma, H. (2024) · Japanese Journal of Biometrics · doi:10.5691/jjb.44.119 · Cited by 2
Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Output: Evidence from East Asian Economies
Kazemi, M., Azman-Saini, W. N. W., & Naseem, N. A. M. (2018) · Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia · doi:10.17576/jem-2018-5201-24 · Cited by 2
Efficacy of 5-Aminosalicylates for the Maintenance of Remission in Crohn's Disease
Akobeng, A. K. (2011) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.217 · Cited by 2
Majd, H. A., Najafi‐Ghobadi, K., Baghban, A. A., Ahmadi, N., & Sajjadi, E. (2014) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.17648 · Cited by 2
Vandana, R. (2014) · Journal of Medical Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.5897/jmgg2014.0075 · Cited by 2
Individual patient data meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies
Abo-Zaid, G. (2011) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University) · Cited by 2
Lane, P. W., Anzures‐Cabrera, J., Lewis, S. C., & Tomlinson, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5329-1_15 · Cited by 2
Interchangeability Study Design and Analysis
Yang, H., Fu, D., & Roskos, L. K. (2018) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99680-6_20 · Cited by 2
Efficient integration of aggregate data and individual participant data in one‐way mixed models
Agarwala, N., Park, J., & Roy, A. (2022) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9307 · Cited by 2
Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18539-2_18 · Cited by 3
Li, D., Wong, J., Li, X., et al. (2022) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.5563 · Cited by 2
Bielory, L., Gross, G. N., Letierce, A., et al. (2020) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.01.012 · Cited by 2
Point estimation for adaptive trial designs
Robertson, D. S., Choodari‐Oskooei, B., Dimairo, M., Flight, L., Pallmann, P., & Jaki, T. (2021) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 3
Rai, V., Jamal, F., & Kumar, P. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Innovations · doi:10.46505/ijbi.2022.4102 · Cited by 2
Introduction to Decision Models
Welton, N. J., Sutton, A. J., Cooper, N. J., et al. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781119942986.ch3 · Cited by 2
Rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis
Boelaert, M., Chappuis, F., Menten, J., et al. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009135 · Cited by 2
(2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118280249.refs · Cited by 2
Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials
Cappelleri, J. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Lau, J. (2010) · Informa Healthcare eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781439822463.125 · Cited by 2
Unverzagt, S., Hirsch, K., & Prondzinsky, R. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011582 · Cited by 2
RetractedTherapist variation within meta-analyses of psychotherapy trials
Walwyn, R. E. A. (2011) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 2
Ressinka, J. (2019) · Recreation · doi:10.21486/recreation.2019.9.3.5 · Cited by 1
Feng, C., Wang, H., & Liu, H. (2025) · Journal of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1080/02664763.2025.2494132 · Cited by 1
Sommer, I., Dobrescu, A. I., Gadinger, A., Sharifan, A., Pinte, L., Fangmeyer, M., Klerings, I., & Gartlehner, G. (2026) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-25-03691 · Cited by 1
Tenessa, D. B. (2026) · Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies · doi:10.1108/jadee-08-2025-0373 · Cited by 1
Yıldırım, Ö., & Türk, E. D. (2026) · KIRŞEHİR EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ · doi:10.29299/kefad.1658099 · Cited by 1
Yang, K., Shi, J., Pan, J., Liu, J., Lü, A., & Tong, T. (2026) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.70158 · Cited by 1
Majd, H. A., ghobadi, K. N., Ahmadi, N., et al. (2013) · Cited by 1
Unverzagt, S., Hirsch, K., & Prondzinsky, R. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011582.pub2 · Cited by 1
Garay, A. G. G., Mayorga-Butrón, J. L., & Ochoa‐Carrillo, F. J. (2015) · Gaceta Mexicana de Oncología · doi:10.1016/j.gamo.2015.03.002 · Cited by 1
Idris, N. R. N., & Saidin, N. (2010) · doi:10.1109/iccea.2010.265 · Cited by 1
CLAYTON, S. L., Apperley, E., Hannon, F., et al. (2014) · JRSM Open · doi:10.1177/2054270414533327 · Cited by 1
Therapie bei älteren Diabetes-Patienten
Bahrmann, A., Wernecke, J., Zeyfang, A., Schiel, R., Roth, J., Müller, C.-H., & Thiem, U. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38409-7_3 · Cited by 1
Do tree plantations support higher species richness and abundance than pasture lands.
Felton, A. (2010) · Cited by 1
The Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Lam, M., Curry, P., & Galvin, R. (2013) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000000000 · Cited by 1
Yıldız, N., & Tez, M. (2009) · Cited by 1
How Active are Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Naal, F. D., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2010) · Cited by 1
Second-Order Science and New Cybernetics
Müller, K. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06091-0_15-1 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitehead, A.
- Corresponding author
- Whitehead, Anne
- Venue
- Wiley eBooks
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-07-15
- OpenAlex
- W24088030
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 25.76
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- meta-analysis, individual patient data, treatment effect estimation, heterogeneity, selection bias, Bayesian meta-analysis, sequential methods, hypothesis testing, study design comparison, protocol design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review