Numerical investigation of coupled density-driven flow and hydrogeochemical processes below playas
Open accessAbstract
Numerical modeling approaches with varying complexity were explored to investigate coupled groundwater flow and geochemical processes in saline basins. Long‐term model simulations of a playa system gain insights into the complex feedback mechanisms between density‐driven flow and the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitating evaporites and evolving brines. Using a reactive multicomponent transport model approach, the simulations reproduced, for the first time in a numerical study, the evaporite precipitation sequences frequently observed in saline basins (“bull's eyes”). Playa‐specific flow, evapoconcentration, and chemical divides were found to be the primary controls for the location of evaporites formed, and the resulting brine chemistry. Comparative simulations with the computationally far less demanding surrogate single‐species transport models showed that these were still able to replicate the major flow patterns obtained by the more complex reactive transport simulations. However, the simulated degree of salinization was clearly lower than in reactive multicomponent transport simulations. For example, in the late stages of the simulations, when the brine becomes halite‐saturated, the nonreactive simulation overestimated the solute mass by almost 20%. The simulations highlight the importance of the consideration of reactive transport processes for understanding and quantifying geochemical patterns, concentrations of individual dissolved solutes, and evaporite evolution.
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Due to the density contrast between brine and inflowing freshwater, a saline interface with a mixing zone is commonly present at the margins of the salt flat.
“Due to the density contrast between the brine formed over long periods of time by evaporation and the inflowing freshwater from the mountains, a saline interface with a mixing zone is commonly present at the margins of the salt flat [15-18].”
From Toward a Localized Water Footprint of Lithium Brine Extraction: A Case Study from the Salar de Atacama (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
Section 3.1, “General Flow and Density Patterns” (page unavailable), describes freshwater flowing toward the evaporation zone, brine circulating below it, and dispersive mixing along their interface. The Introduction explains that evaporation makes inflowing water saline. The paper does not establish that such a mixing zone is commonly present specifically at salt-flat margins or that the freshwater comes from mountains. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Hamann, E., Post, V., Kohfahl, C., Prommer, H., & Simmons, C. T.
- Affiliations
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (ES)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hamann, Enrico
- Venue
- Water Resources Research
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 9338-9352
- ISSN
- 0043-1397 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-7973
- OpenAlex
- W2273560920
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Water Resources Research (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- the German Research Foundation ((KO 3186/1-1))
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
- Keywords
- gravity currents, hydrogeochemistry, playa, evaporite precipitation, brine chemistry, evapoconcentration, halite saturation, solute transport, groundwater flow
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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