Design to Self‐Assembly
Abstract
The increasing power of design software, the widespread availability of digital fabrication and growing complexity of our built environment are in stark contrast to the inefficient techniques that currently plague the construction industry. Today's processes of assembly can be fundamentally re‐imagined by looking at biological systems that are building structures with far more complexity, information capacity and assembly instructions than even the most advanced structures possible with current technologies. Skylar Tibbits explains that the key ingredient embedded within these natural systems is self‐assembly. He outlines four principles for designing systems that build themselves, and shows a number of projects that demonstrate first steps towards this new mode of architectural production. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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4D printing allows realization of structures with arbitrarily complex or customized architectures capable of evolving their shape, properties, or functionalities over time under the application of proper stimuli.
“In the last few years, considerable advances in soft robotic technology have been made thanks to 4Dprinting, which allows one to realize structures with arbitrarily complex or customized architectures, capable of evolving their shape, properties, or functionalities along time (denoting the 4th dimension) under the application of proper stimuli [178-189].”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [179]
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Active materials by four-dimension printing
Ge, Q., Qi, H. J., & Dunn, M. L. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4819837 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
González-Henríquez, C. M., Sarabia-Vallejos, M. A., & Rodriguez-Hernandez, J. (2019) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.03.001 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
4D Printing Technology: A Review
Choi, J., Kwon, O.-C., Jo, W., Lee, H. J., & Moon, M.-W. (2015) · 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1089/3dp.2015.0039 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview
Scalet, G. (2020) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act9010010 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Designer Matter: A perspective
Reis, P. M., Jaeger, H. M., & van Hecke, M. (2015) · Extreme Mechanics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.eml.2015.09.004 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tibbits, S.
- Corresponding author
- Tibbits, Skylar
- ORCID
- Tibbits, Skylar
- Venue
- Architectural Design
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 68-73
- ISSN
- 0003-8504 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-2769
- OpenAlex
- W2062688215
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 63.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Architectural Design (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Architecture › Architecture and Computational Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Architecture › Architecture, Modernity, and Design
- Keywords
- self-assembly, architectural production, digital fabrication, construction industry, biomimetic design, assembly instructions
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