The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Chlorine in the Formation Process of “CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx” Perovskite
Abstract
CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐x Cl x is a commonly used chemical formula to represent the methylammonium lead halide perovskite fabricated from mixed chlorine‐ and iodine‐containing salt precursors. Despite the rapid progress in improving its photovoltaic efficiency, fundamental questions remain regarding the atomic ratio of Cl in the perovskite as well as the reaction mechanism that leads to its formation and crystallization. In this work we investigated these questions through a combination of chemical, morphological, structural and thermal characterizations. The elemental analyses reveal unambiguously the negligible amount of Cl atoms in the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐x Cl x perovskite. By studying the thermal characteristics of methylammonium halides as well as the annealing process in a polymer/perovskite/FTO glass structure, we show that the formation of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐x Cl x perovskite is likely driven by release of gaseous CH 3 NH 3 Cl (or other organic chlorides) through an intermediate organometal mixed halide phase. Furthermore, the comparative study on CH 3 NH 3 I/PbCl 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I/PbI 2 precursor combinations with different molar ratios suggest that the initial introduction of a CH 3 NH 3+ rich environment is critical to slow down the perovskite formation process and thus improve the growth of the crystal domains during annealing; accordingly, the function of Cl− is to facilitate the release of excess CH 3 NH 3+ at a relatively low annealing temperatures.
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Cites
Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites
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Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells
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Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition
Liu, M., Johnston, M. B., & Snaith, H. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12509 · Cited by 7,976
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Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells
Snaith, H. J. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz4020162 · Cited by 3,042
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Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process
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Mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2Heterojunction Solar Cells
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Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Metal-Migration-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells
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Under the spotlight: The organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite for optoelectronic applications
Chen, Q., De Marco, N., Yang, Y. (., Song, T.-B., Chen, C.-C., Zhao, H., Hong, Z., Zhou, H., & Yang, Y. (2015) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.009 · Cited by 1,154
Causes and Solutions of Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Chen, J., & Park, N. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201803019 · Cited by 733
Self-citationZuo, L., Gu, Z., Ye, T., Fu, W., Wu, G., Li, H., & Chen, H. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja512518r · Cited by 676
Metadata
- Authors
- Yu, H., Wang, F., Xie, F., Li, W., Chen, J., & Zhao, N.
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-09-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 7102-7108
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W2136909426
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 47.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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