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Cited by 855Nanomaterials and Printing TechnologiesAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting MaterialsNeuroscience and Neural Engineering

Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future

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Huang, Siya, Liu, Yuan, Zhao, Yue, Ren, Zhifeng, Guo, Chuan Fei·2019·Advanced Functional Materials
DOI 10.1002/adfm.201805924
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Abstract

Flexible electronics, as an emerging and exciting research field, have brought great interest to the issue of how to make flexible electronic materials that offer both durability and high performance at strained states. With the advent of on‐body wearable and implantable electronics, as well as increasing demands for human‐friendly intelligent soft robots, enormous effort is being expended on highly flexible functional materials, especially stretchable electrodes, by both the academic and industrial communities. Among different deformation modes, stretchability is the most demanding and challenging. This review focuses on the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) and investigates the recent progress on novel applications, including skin‐like electronics, implantable biodegradable devices, and bioinspired soft robotics. By comparing the optoelectrical and mechanical properties of different electrode materials, some of the most important outcomes with comments on their merits and demerits are raised. Key design considerations in terms of geometries, substrates, and adhesion are also discussed, offering insights into the universal strategies for engineering stretchable electrodes regardless of the material. It is suggested that highly stretchable and biocompatible electrodes will greatly boost the development of next‐generation intelligent life‐like electronics.

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  • Biomechanical energy harvesting systems such as triboelectric and piezoelectric generators harness the electrical field resulting from charge separation and mechanical strain, respectively, enabling in-vivo powering from the natural movement of the organs.

    “Biomechanical energy harvesting systems such as triboelectric and piezoelectric generators harness the electrical field resulting from charge separation and mechanical strain, respectively, enabling in-vivo powering from the natural movement of the organs [208], [216].”

    From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [208]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Soft elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane enable stretching to accommodate the motions of soft tissues, which improves the interface robustness when combined with serpentine electrode tracks with nanomesh structures.

    “Soft elastomers in particular, such as polydimethylsiloxane, enable stretching to accommodate the motions of soft tissues, which improves the interface robustness when combined with serpentine electrode tracks with nanomesh structures [207], [208].”

    From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [208]

    Section 3, “Stretchable Structural Designs” (page unavailable), describes highly stretchable Au nanomeshes made of interconnected serpentine ligaments on PDMS. The paper does not establish that this combination accommodates soft-tissue motion or improves tissue-interface robustness; Section 4 instead emphasizes that adhesion to PDMS must be controlled for the mesh to remain stretchable. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Huang, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Ren, Z., & Guo, C. F.
Affiliations
  • Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
  • University of Houston (US)
  • Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
Corresponding author
  • Ren, Zhifeng
  • Guo, Chuan Fei
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Functional Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-11-28
Volume
29
Issue
6
ISSN
  • 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
  • 1616-3028
DOI
10.1002/adfm.201805924
OpenAlex
W2902474336
Cited by
855
References
143
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 40
FWCI
29.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (51771089)
  • Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (2016ZT06G587, 2017ZT07C071)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐SC0010831)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Keywords
stretchable electrodes, flexible electronics, kirigami, stretchable transparent electrodes, skin-like electronics, biocompatible electrodes, electrode adhesion, electrode substrates, optoelectronic properties, wearable electronics

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