Blood‐Brain Barrier‐Penetrating Nanocarriers Enable Microglial‐Specific Drug Delivery in Hypothalamic Neuroinflammation
Open accessAbstract
Hypothalamic inflammation plays a pivotal role in appetite dysregulation across various pathological conditions, including cancer cachexia. However, delivering anti‐inflammatory agents to microglia, key mediators of hypothalamic inflammation, remains challenging due to the unsurmountable blood‐brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, dual peptide‐functionalized polymeric nanocarriers capable of both BBB penetration and microglial targeting are engineered for systemic delivery of IRAK4 inhibitors to treat hypothalamic inflammation. After intravenous administration, the nanocarriers demonstrated efficient brain and hypothalamic accumulation in both acute (lipopolysaccharide‐induced) and chronic (pancreatic cancer cachexia) neuroinflammation mouse models. Their microglial targeting capability is confirmed through hypothalamic immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis using a BBB‐microglia co‐culture model. Systemic administration of IRAK4 inhibitor‐loaded nanocarriers effectively attenuated hypothalamic inflammation in both animal models, as evidenced by marked reductions in pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression. Treated animals displayed significantly increased food intake and improved body weight compared to the saline‐treated group. In the cancer cachexia model, the treatment preserved muscle mass, reducing cachexia‐induced gastrocnemius muscle loss by 50% relative to controls. These findings highlight the potential of this nanocarrier system as a promising therapeutic strategy for conditions characterized by hypothalamic dysfunction, particularly cancer cachexia, where neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression.
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A recent study demonstrated successful delivery of IRAK4 inhibitors across the blood-brain barrier in mice using dual peptide-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles, highlighting their translational potential.
“A recent study demonstrated the successful delivery of IRAK4 inhibitors across the BBB in mice using dual peptide-functionalized polymeric NPs, highlighting their translational potential [192].”
From Targeted Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier in Early and Late Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review (2026) · cites this paper as [192]
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- Authors
- Goo, Y. T., Grigoriev, V., Korzun, T., Sharma, K. S., Singh, P., Taratula, O. R., Marks, D. L., & Taratula, O.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Endevica Bio 1935 Techny Rd Northbrook Illinois 60062 USA
- Corresponding author
- Taratula, Oleh
- Venue
- Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-04-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- e2500521-e2500521
- ISSN
- 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
- 2192-2659
- PMC
- PMC12084131
- OpenAlex
- W4409181189
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD101450, R01HD112007)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2023‐00241580)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier penetration, polymeric nanocarriers, peptide-functionalized nanoparticles, IRAK4 inhibitor, cancer cachexia, lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, inflammatory cytokines, muscle mass preservation, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cachexia, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Carriers, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Drug Delivery Systems, Microglia, Mice, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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