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Metal‐Free Perovskite Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Human–Machine Interfaces and Self‐Powered Electrical Stimulation Applications
Open accessAbstract
Single crystal metal‐free halide perovskites have received great attention in recent years owing to their excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. However, the nanotoxicity and piezoelectricity within the nanoscale of such materials have yet been reported for the demonstration of practical applications. In this work, the observation of intrinsic piezoelectricity in metal‐free perovskite (MDABCO‐NH 4 I 3 ) films using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is reported. A cytotoxicity test is also performed on MDABCO‐NH 4 I 3 to evaluate its low‐toxic nature. The as‐synthesized MDABCO‐NH 4 I 3 is further integrated into a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The MDABCO‐NH 4 I 3 ‐based PENG (MN‐PENG) exhibits optimal output voltage and current of 15.9 V and 54.5 nA, respectively. In addition, the MN‐PENG can serve as a self‐powered strain sensor for human–machine interface applications or be adopted in in vitro electrical stimulation devices. This work demonstrates a path of perovskite‐based PENG with high performance, low toxicity, and multifunctionality for future advanced wearable sensors and portable therapeutic systems.
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“Wu et al. [215] have fabricated a metal-free perovskite-based MN-PENG for the first time, using MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 film.”
From Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors (2025) · cites this paper as [215]
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“The MN-PENG is capable of powering a commercial LED, charging a capacitor, and functioning as a self-powered strain sensor for human-machine interfaces (Figure 14F).”
From Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors (2025) · cites this paper as [215]
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“The film shows a piezoelectric constant of 12.81 pm/V, remnant polarization of 13.3 μC/cm 2 , and can generate 15.9 V and 54.5 nA after poling.”
From Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors (2025) · cites this paper as [215]
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“However, the application of these materials in wearable electronics and biomedical fields remains limited [215].”
From Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors (2025) · cites this paper as [215]
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“Demonstration of metal-free perovskite-based MN-PENGs in a human-machine interface, with voltage signals generated from the wrist, biceps, elbow, and neck.”
From Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors (2025) · cites this paper as [215]
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Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors
Li, Y., Ding, Y., Sun, J., Tan, S., Li, Y., Wang, X., Cai, J., Bai, J., Lv, X., Guo, W., et al. (2025) · SmartMat · doi:10.1002/smm2.70022 · Cited by 41
“Wu et al. [215] have fabricated a metal ‐ free perovskite ‐ based MN ‐ PENG for the first time, using MDABCO ‐ NH 4 I 3 film.”
Li, D., Zhuang, P., & Sun, C. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d3tc04505f · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, H., Wei, S., Chen, S., Pan, H., Pan, W., Huang, S., Tsai, M., & Yang, P.
- Affiliations
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City 10607 Taiwan
- National Central University (TW)
- National Institutes of Applied Research (TW)
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Tsai, Meng‐Lin
- Yang, Po‐Kang
- Venue
- Advanced Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-04-20
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- e2105974-e2105974
- ISSN
- 2198-3844 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9218782
- OpenAlex
- W4224213906
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 4.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (108‐2636‐E‐038‐003, 109‐2636‐E‐008‐010, 110‐2636‐E‐008‐009, 110‐2221‐E‐011‐076)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
- Keywords
- metal-free perovskites, halide perovskites, piezoelectric nanogenerators, piezoelectric properties, ferroelectricity, cytotoxicity, human-machine interaction, electrical stimulation, wearable sensors, piezoresponse force microscopy
- MeSH terms
- Electric Stimulation, Humans, Oxides, Electric Power Supplies, Titanium, Calcium Compounds
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