The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Urea‐Modified Carbon Nitrides: Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Rational Defect Engineering
Open accessAbstract
The primary amine groups on the heptazine‐based polymer melon, also known as graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4), can be replaced by urea groups using a two‐step postsynthetic functionalization. Under simulated sunlight and optimum Pt loading, this urea‐functionalized carbon nitride has one of the highest activities among organic and polymeric photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution with methanol as sacrificial donor, reaching an apparent quantum efficiency of 18% and nearly 30 times the hydrogen evolution rate compared to the nonfunctionalized counterpart. In the absence of Pt, the urea‐derivatized material evolves hydrogen at a rate over four times that of the nonfunctionalized one. Since “defects” are conventionally accepted to be the active sites in graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalysis, the work here is a demonstrated example of “defect engineering,” where the catalytically relevant defect is inserted rationally for improving the intrinsic, rather than extrinsic, photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the work provides a retrodictive explanation for the general observation that g‐C 3 N 4 prepared from urea performs better than those prepared from dicyandiamide and melamine. In‐depth analyses of the spent photocatalysts and computational modeling suggest that inserting the urea group causes a metal‐support interaction with the Pt cocatalyst, thus facilitating interfacial charge transfer to the hydrogen evolving centers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
Perdew, J. P., Burke, K., & Ernzerhof, M. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865 · Cited by 215,824
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
FUJISHIMA, A., & HONDA, K. (1972) · Nature · doi:10.1038/238037a0 · Cited by 34,169
A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light
Wang, X., Maeda, K., Thomas, A., Takanabe, K., Xin, G., Carlsson, J. M., Domen, K., & Antonietti, M. (2009) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2317 · Cited by 12,532
Bonded-atom fragments for describing molecular charge densities
Hirshfeld, F. L. (1977) · Theoretica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1007/bf00549096 · Cited by 6,978
Tkatchenko, A., & Scheffler, M. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.073005 · Cited by 6,286
Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway
Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, N., Han, Y., Zhang, X., Huang, H., Lifshitz, Y., Lee, S.-T., Zhong, J., & Kang, Z. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa3145 · Cited by 4,468
Thomas, A., Fischer, A., Goettmann, F., Antonietti, M., Müller, J.-O., Schlögl, R., & Carlsson, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b800274f · Cited by 3,419
Wang, Y., Wang, X., & Antonietti, M. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201101182 · Cited by 3,364
Ab initio molecular simulations with numeric atom-centered orbitals
Blum, V., Gehrke, R., Hanke, F., Havu, P., Havu, V., Ren, X., Reuter, K., & Scheffler, M. (2009) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.06.022 · Cited by 2,919
Self-citationAdsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions of Na and K adlayers on Al(111)
Neugebauer, J., & Scheffler, M. (1992) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.46.16067 · Cited by 2,842
Cited by
Zheng, Y., Yu, Z., Ou, H., Asiri, A. M., Chen, Y., & Wang, X. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201705407 · Cited by 462
Reddy, K. R., Reddy, C. V., Nadagouda, M. N., Shetti, N. P., Jaesool, S., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.075 · Cited by 429
Zhang, J.-W., Gong, S., Mahmood, N., Pan, L., Zhang, X., & Zou, J.-J. (2018) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.09.003 · Cited by 257
Wang, K., Fu, J., & Zheng, Y. (2019) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.002 · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Lau, V. W., Yu, V. W., Ehrat, F., Botari, T., Moudrakovski, I., Simon, T., Duppel, V., Medina, E., Stolarczyk, J. K., Feldmann, J., Blum, V., & Lotsch, B. V.
- Venue
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-01-27
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 1614-6832 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-6840
- OpenAlex
- W2580674868
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 67
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Urea‐Modified Carbon Nitrides: Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Rational Defect Engineering. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/aenm.201602251
- The paper
- Lau, V. W., Yu, V. W., Ehrat, F., Botari, T., Moudrakovski, I., Simon, T., Duppel, V., Medina, E., Stolarczyk, J. K., Feldmann, J., Blum, V., & Lotsch, B. V. (2017). Urea‐Modified Carbon Nitrides: Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Rational Defect Engineering. Advanced Energy Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602251
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
