Bubble nucleation in liquids

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous bubble nucleation are reviewed. Recent developments in nucleation theory, which include hydrodynamic and diffusion constraints, gas phase nonidealities, and heterogeneous nucleation are discussed. A large number of the measured limits of superheat of pure components are close to 88 to 90% of the critical temperature. Where calculations can be made, these measurements are in agreement with predictions from classical nucleation theory. Measurements of the limits of superheat of mixtures are useful for understanding one proposed mechanism for the dangerous phenomena known as contact vapor explosions.