The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Abstract
Disease overview: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Myelodysplastic syndromes occur more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry and molecular genetics is usually complementary and may help refine diagnosis. Risk‐stratification: Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly accepted system is the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R). Somatic mutations can help define prognosis and therapy. Risk‐adapted therapy: Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts, cytogenetic and mutational profiles, comorbidities, potential for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) and prior exposure to hypomethylating agents (HMA). Goals of therapy are different in lower‐risk patients than in higher‐risk individuals and in those with HMA failure. In lower‐risk MDS, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher‐risk disease, the goal is to prolong survival. In 2020, we witnessed an explosion of new agents and investigational approaches. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, HMAs, intensive chemotherapy and alloSCT. Novel therapeutics approved in 2020 are luspatercept and the oral HMA ASTX727. At the present time, there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after HMA‐based therapy. Options include participation in a clinical trial, cytarabine‐based therapy or alloSCT.
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Cites
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Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes
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International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes
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“Blum et al have indicated that a 10- day schedule of decitabine has significant activity in AML,134 and similar results have been reported by other groups in recent years.135 The drug 5-azacitidine has been studied in higher-risk MDS in two major randomized multicenter trials: CALGB 9221136 and AZA001.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialClinical Effect of Point Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Bejar, R., Stevenson, K., Abdel-Wahab, O., Galili, N., Nilsson, B., Garcia-Manero, G., Kantarjian, H., Raza, A., Levine, R. L., Neuberg, D., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1013343 · Cited by 1,627
Self-citationLandscape of genetic lesions in 944 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
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Lenalidomide in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Chromosome 5q Deletion
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Somatic SF3B1 Mutation in Myelodysplasia with Ring Sideroblasts
Papaemmanuil, E., Cazzola, M., Boultwood, J., Malcovati, L., Vyas, P., Bowen, D., Pellagatti, A., Wainscoat, J. S., Hellstrom-Lindberg, E., Gambacorti-Passerini, C., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1103283 · Cited by 1,222
Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease
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Role of TP53 mutations in the origin and evolution of therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia
Wong, T. N., Ramsingh, G., Young, A. L., Miller, C. A., Touma, W., Welch, J. S., Lamprecht, T. L., Shen, D., Hundal, J., Fulton, R. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13968 · Cited by 892
Cited by
Adès, L., Girshova, L., Doronin, V. A., Díez-Campelo, M., Valcárcel, D., Kambhampati, S., Viniou, N.-A., Woszczyk, D., De Paz Arias, R., Symeonidis, A., et al. (2022) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007334 · Cited by 130
Dissecting the cell of origin of aberrant SALL4 expression in myelodysplastic syndrome
Tatetsu, H., Watanabe, M., Liu, J., Tokunaga, K., Iwanaga, E., Komohara, Y., Thrash, E., Bassal, M. A., Matsuoka, M., Tenen, D. G., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1327 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Garcia‐Manero, G., Chien, K. S., & Montalban‐Bravo, G.
- Venue
- American Journal of Hematology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-10-17
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1399-1420
- ISSN
- 0361-8609 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-8652
- OpenAlex
- W3047204205
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 17.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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