The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coccidioidomycosis outbreak among inmate wildland firefighters: California, 2017
Open accessAbstract
Background: In California, state prison inmates are employed to fight wildfires, which involves performing soil‐disrupting work. Wildfires have become more common, including areas where Coccidioides, the soil‐dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, proliferates. However, work practices that place wildland firefighters at risk for coccidioidomycosis have not been investigated. Methods: On August 17, 2017, the California Department of Public Health was notified of a cluster of coccidioidomycosis cases among Wildfire A inmate wildland firefighters. We collected data through medical record abstraction from suspected case‐patients and mailed a survey assessing potential job task risk factors to Wildfire A inmate firefighters. We described respondent characteristics and conducted a retrospective case–control investigation to assess coccidioidomycosis risk factors. Results: Among 198 inmate firefighters who worked on Wildfire A, 112 (57%) completed the survey. Of 10 case‐patients (four clinical and six laboratory‐confirmed), two were hospitalized. In the case–control analysis of 71 inmate firefighters, frequently cutting fire lines with a McLeod tool (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–37.2) and being in a dust cloud or storm (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1–17.4) were associated with illness. Two of 112 inmate firefighters reported receiving coccidioidomycosis training; none reported wearing respiratory protection on this wildfire. Conclusions: Wildland firefighters who use hand tools and work in dusty conditions where Coccidioides proliferates are at risk for coccidioidomycosis. Agencies that employ them should provide training about coccidioidomycosis and risk reduction, limit dust exposure, and implement respiratory protection programs that specify where respirator use is feasible and appropriate.
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Arthroconidia of soil-dwelling coccidioides represent a non-human-emitted, infectious fungal aerosol that is primarily transmitted naturally via wind and wildfires, and during active soil disturbance.
“The arthroconidia (Table 1) of soil-dwelling coccidioides represent a non-human-emitted, infectious fungal aerosol that is primarily transmitted naturally via wind and wildfires, and during active soil disturbance [40,41,42].”
From Comparative Mask Protection against Inhaling Wildfire Smoke, Allergenic Bioaerosols, and Infectious Particles (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
The Introduction identifies Coccidioides as a soil-dwelling fungus that causes infection through spore inhalation. The Discussion links exposure to windborne dust and soil-disturbing firefighting tasks, but does not identify the spores as arthroconidia or establish that wildfires themselves are a primary natural transmission route. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California
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Enhanced surveillance of coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA, 2007–2008
Tsang, C. A., Anderson, S. M., Imholte, S. B., Erhart, L. M., Chen, S., Park, B. J., Christ, C., Komatsu, K. K., Chiller, T., & Sunenshine, R. H. (2010) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1611.100475 · Cited by 140
Coccidioidomycosis among Workers Constructing Solar Power Farms, California, USA, 2011–2014
Wilken, J. A., Sondermeyer, G. L., Shusterman, D. J., McNary, J., Vugia, D. J., McDowell, A., Borenstein, P. E., Gilliss, D., Ancock, B., Prudhomme, J. C., et al. (2015) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2111.150129 · Cited by 60
Self-citationOccupational Coccidioidomycosis in California
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Self-citationPoint-source outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in construction workers
Cummings, K., McDowell, A., Wheeler, C., McNary, J., DAS, R., Vugia, D. J., & Mohle‐Boetani, J. C. (2009) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268809990999 · Cited by 52
Self-citationCooksey, G. L. S., Wilken, J. A., McNary, J., Gilliss, D., Shusterman, D. J., Materna, B. L., & Vugia, D. J. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303820 · Cited by 32
Self-citationOccupational coccidioidomycosis surveillance and recent outbreaks in California
de Perio, M. A., Materna, B. L., Cooksey, G. L. S., et al. (2018) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myy031 · Cited by 27
Self-citationLaws, R. L., Cooksey, G. S., Jain, S., Wilken, J. A., McNary, J., Moreno, E. L., Michie, K., Mulkerin, C., McDowell, A., Vugia, D. J., et al. (2018) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6733a4 · Cited by 23
Self-citationWilken, J. A., Márquez, P., Terashita, D. M., McNary, J., Windham, G. C., & Materna, B. L. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21
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Focal endemic coccidioidomycosis in Los Angeles County.
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Wagner, J., Macher, J. M., Chen, W., & Kumagai, K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315555 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Laws, R. L., Jain, S., Cooksey, G. S., Mohle‐Boetani, J., McNary, J., Wilken, J., Harrison, R., Leistikow, B., Vugia, D. J., Windham, G. C., & Materna, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- California Department of Public Health (US)
- California Correctional Health Care Services Elk Grove California USA
- Corresponding author
- Laws, Rebecca L.
- Venue
- American Journal of Industrial Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01-23
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 266-273
- ISSN
- 0271-3586 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0274
- PMC
- PMC8935635
- OpenAlex
- W3125116123
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Industrial Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (R25 OH008802, R13 OH009753, U60-OH-008468)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Actinomycetales infections and treatment
- Keywords
- coccidioidomycosis, Coccidioides, wildfire suppression, occupational exposure, dust exposure, respiratory protection, outbreak investigation, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Wildfires, Adult, California, Coccidioides, Coccidioidomycosis, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Male, Occupational Diseases, Prisoners, Case-Control Studies, Occupational Exposure, Firefighters
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