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Cited by 27Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSexual Differentiation and DisordersPrenatal Screening and Diagnostics

Age at and indication for diagnosis of Turner syndrome in the pediatric population

Swauger, Sarah, Backeljauw, Philippe, Hornung, Lindsey, Shafer, Jessica, Casnellie, Lori, Gutmark‐Little, Iris·2021·American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.62459
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Abstract

Early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) enables timely intervention and may improve outcomes, but many are still diagnosed late. The objectives of our study were to describe the age and clinical features leading to diagnosis of TS in a large referral center. We hypothesize that newer testing modalities, such as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), may lead to a decline in the age of diagnosis. Medical records of TS patients followed at The Cincinnati Center for Pediatric and Adult TS Care between 1997 and 2016 were reviewed for age at diagnosis, karyotype, and clinical indication(s). Patients (<18 years) were included (n = 239). Thirty-seven percent of patients were diagnosed prenatally or neonatally (≤1 month). The median age of diagnosis was 1.5 (IQR 0.0-10.0) years. If not made during those periods, the median age was 9.3 (IQR 3.2-12.5) years. The most common indications for diagnosis were before birth, unspecified prenatal testing (57%); in neonates/infants, lymphedema (21%); in childhood, short stature (72%); and in adolescence, short stature (45%) followed by pubertal delay with short stature (22%). The age of TS diagnosis in our cohort is young. However, when the diagnosis is not made before 1 year, the median age of diagnosis has not changed in recent years. The age at diagnosis could decrease with prenatal testing, although our study may not have assessed a long enough period of increased use of NIPT. Together with an increase in provider clinical awareness, this may result in more age-appropriate screening of comorbidities and earlier therapeutic intervention.

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Authors
Swauger, S., Backeljauw, P., Hornung, L., Shafer, J., Casnellie, L., & Gutmark‐Little, I.
Affiliations
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Swauger, Sarah
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-08-13
Volume
185
Issue
11
Pages
3411-3417
ISSN
  • 1552-4825 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4833
DOI
10.1002/ajmg.a.62459
OpenAlex
W3190077720
Cited by
27
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Keywords
Turner syndrome, age at diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal testing, prenatal diagnosis, neonatal diagnosis, short stature, lymphedema, delayed puberty, pediatric patients, karyotype
MeSH terms
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Dwarfism, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Karyotyping, Pediatrics, Turner Syndrome, Early Diagnosis, Karyotype

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