Cited by 285Pleistocene-Era Hominins and ArchaeologyPrimate Behavior and EcologyEvolution and Paleontology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Brain size and encephalization in early to Mid‐Pleistocene Homo

Rightmire, G. Philip·2004·American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Important changes in the brain have occurred during the course of human evolution. Both absolute and relative size increases can be documented for species of Homo, culminating in the appearance of modern humans. One species that is particularly well-represented by fossil crania is Homo erectus. The mean capacity for 30 individuals is 973 cm(3). Within this group there is substantial variation, but brain size increases slightly in specimens from later time periods. Other Middle Pleistocene crania differ from those of Homo erectus. Characters of the facial skeleton, vault, and cranial base suggest that fossils from sites such as Arago Cave in France, the Sima de los Huesos in Spain, Bodo in Ethiopia, Broken Hill in Zambia, and perhaps Dali in China belong to the taxon Homo heidelbergensis. Ten of these mid-Quaternary hominins have brains averaging 1,206 cm(3) in volume, and many fall beyond the limits of size predicted for Homo erectus of equivalent age. When orbit height is used to construct an index of relative brain size, it is apparent that the (significant) increase in volume documented for the Middle Pleistocene individuals is not simply a consequence of larger body mass. Encephalization quotient values confirm this finding. These changes in absolute and relative brain size can be taken as further corroborative evidence for a speciation event, in which Homo erectus produced a daughter lineage. It is probable that Homo heidelbergensis originated in Africa or western Eurasia and then ranged widely across the Old World. Archaeological traces indicate that these populations differed in their technology and behavior from earlier hominins.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/ajpa.10346

Cites

96 of 96 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered
Gould, S. J., & Eldredge, N. (1977) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300005224 · Cited by 2,628
Ancestors: The hard evidence
Dennell, R. (1986) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/0305-4403(86)90058-0 · Cited by 1,052
Evolutionary History of the Robust Australopithecines
Grine, F. E. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203792667 · Cited by 987
Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo.
Ruff, C. B., Trinkaus, E., & Holliday, T. W. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387173a0 · Cited by 896
Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany
Thieme, H. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385807a0 · Cited by 834
Primate origins and evolution: a phylogenetic reconstruction
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0965 · Cited by 745
The Human Genus
Wood, B. A., & Mark Collard, A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.65 · Cited by 712
Relative brain size and basal metabolic rate in terrestrial vertebrates
Martin, R. D. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/293057a0 · Cited by 711
A Hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: Possible Ancestor to Neandertals and Modern Humans
de Castro, J. M. B., Arsuaga, J. L., Carbonell, E., Rosas, A., Martı́nez, I., & Mosquera, M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1392 · Cited by 640
Modern human origins: progress and prospects
Stringer, C. (2002) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.1057 · Cited by 534

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 98 references

2 of the 98 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 21

Anton SC, 2001, A scientific life: papers in honor of Prof. Dr. T. Jacob, 25
Chiu CL, 1973, Peking man fossils and cultural remains newly discovered at Choukoutien, Vertebrata Palasiat, 11, 109
De Lumley H, 1984, Stratigraphie du remplissage Pleistocene moyen de la Caune de l'Arago à Tautavel, Anthropologie, 88, 5
2003, First Europeans: treasures from the hills of Atapuerca
Groves CP, 1994, A bush not a ladder: speciation and replacement in human evolution, Perspect Hum Biol, 4, 1
Holloway RL, 1982, L'Homo erectus et la place de l'homme de Tautavel parmi les hominidés fossiles, 355
Holloway RL, 1983, Human brain evolution: a search for units, models and synthesis, Can J Anthropol, 3, 215
Hublin J‐J, 1996, The first Europeans, Archaeology, 49, 36
Hublin J‐J, 1998, Neandertals and modern humans in western Asia, 295
Klein RG, 1994, Integrative paths to the past: paleoanthropological advances in honor of F. Clark Howell, 471
Rightmire GP, 1994, The relationship of Homo erectus to later Middle Pleistocene hominids, Cour Forsch Inst Senckenberg, 171, 319
Roche H, 1995, Congreso Internacional de Paleontologia Humana, 93
Rosenberg KR, 1999, Body size, body proportions and encephalization in the Jinniushan specimen, Am J Phys Anthropol, 28, 235
Stringer CB, 1985, Ancestors: the hard evidence, 289
Stringer CB, 1995, Paleoclimate and evolution, with emphasis on human origins, 524
Stringer CB, 2001, The evolution of modern humans: where are we now?, Gen Anthropol, 7, 1
Swisher CC, 1998, The antiquity of Homo erectus in Java: 40Ar/39Ar dating and paleomagnetic study of the Sangiran area
Wolpoff MH, 1999, Paleoanthropology
Wood B, 1994, Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of Homo erectus, Cour Forsch Inst Senckenberg, 171, 159
Wu R, 1982, Preliminary study of Homo erectus remains from Hexian, Anhui, Acta Anthropol Sin, 1, 2
Yokoyama Y, 1998, Direct dating of Homo erectus skulls of Solo Man in Java by non‐destructive gamma‐ray spectrometry

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 284

On Tools Making Minds: an Archaeological Perspective on Human Cognitive Evolution
Overmann, K. A., & Wynn, T. (2019) · Journal of Cognition and Culture · doi:10.1163/15685373-12340047 · Cited by 33
Technological innovations at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in high-latitude East Asia
Shi-Xia, Y., Wang, F., Xie, F., Yue, J., Deng, C., Zhu, R., & Petraglia, M. D. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa053 · Cited by 33
Estimating body mass from postcranial variables: an evaluation of current equations using a large known-mass sample of modern humans
Elliott, M., Kurki, H. K., Weston, D. A., & Mark Collard, A. (2015) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0251-6 · Cited by 32
Metric and non-metric randomization methods, geographic variation, and the single-species hypothesis for Asian and African Homo erectus
Villmoare, B. A. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.07.005 · Cited by 32
First hominin settlements out of Africa. Tempo and dispersal mode: Review and perspectives
Prat, S. (2016) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.04.009 · Cited by 32
Increasing breadth of the frontal lobe but decreasing height of the human brain between two Chinese samples from a Neolithic site and from living humans
Liu, C., Tang, Y., Ge, H., Wang, F., Sun, H., Meng, H., Wang, S., Xu, J., Fan, R., Fan, L., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22476 · Cited by 31
Cranial Shape in Asian Homo erectus: Geographic, Anagenetic, and Size-Related Variation
Baab, K. L. (2010) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2_6 · Cited by 31
Estimating body mass from skeletal material: new predictive equations and methodological insights from analyses of a known-mass sample of humans
Elliott, M., Kurki, H. K., Weston, D. A., & Mark Collard, A. (2015) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0252-5 · Cited by 30
Lost and found: Technological trajectories within Lower/Middle Paleolithic transition in Western Europe, North of the Pyrenees
Buller, A. M. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.079 · Cited by 30
The coevolution of cooperation and cognition in humans
dos Santos, M., & West, S. A. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0723 · Cited by 31
Paleolithic public goods games: why human culture and cooperation did not evolve in one step
Dubreuil, B. (2009) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-009-9177-7 · Cited by 29
Morphological and morphometric analysis of variation in the Zhoukoudian Homo erectus brain endocasts
Wu, X., Schepartz, L. A., & Norton, C. J. (2009) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.07.002 · Cited by 28
A frontal lobe surface analysis in three archaic African human fossils: OH 9, Buia, and Bodo
Beaudet, A., & Bruner, E. (2017) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.12.002 · Cited by 27
Human display and dispersal: A case study from biotidal Britain in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene
Gamble, C. (2009) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.20209 · Cited by 26
Later Middle Pleistocene Homo
Rightmire, G. P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27800-6_55-5 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Climatic Influences on the Evolution of Early Hom o?
Antón, S. C. (2007) · Folia Primatologica · doi:10.1159/000105150 · Cited by 26
Hominin brain size increase has emerged from within-species encephalization
Püschel, T. A., Nicholson, S. L., Baker, J., Barton, R. A., & Venditti, C. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2409542121 · Cited by 25
Defining the Genus Homo
Mark Collard, A., & Wood, B. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27800-6_51-2 · Cited by 25
Comparisons of Early Pleistocene Skulls from East Africa and the Georgian Caucasus: Evidence Bearing on the Origin and Systematics of Genus Homo
Rightmire, G. P., & Lordkipanidze, D. (2009) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9980-9_5 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Decreases in Brain Size and Encephalization in Anatomically Modern Humans
Stibel, J. M. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000519504 · Cited by 27
Hominin evolution and diversity: a comparison of earlier-Middle and later-Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil variation in China
Liu, W., Athreya, S. G., Xing, S., & Wu, X. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0040 · Cited by 24
Hominin Hip Biomechanics: Changing Perspectives
Warrener, A. G. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23558 · Cited by 25
The diet of the first Europeans from Atapuerca
Pérez‐Pérez, A., Lozano, M., Romero, A., Martínez, L. M., Galbany, J., Pinilla, B., Estebaranz‐Sánchez, F., de Castro, J. M. B., Carbonell, E., & Arsuaga, J. L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43319 · Cited by 29
Toward a Macroevolutionary Theory of Human Evolution: The Social Protocell
Andersson, C., & Törnberg, P. (2018) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-018-0313-y · Cited by 24
The torso integration hypothesis revisited in Homo sapiens : Contributions to the understanding of hominin body shape evolution
Torres‐Tamayo, N., García‐Martínez, D., Nalla, S., Barash, A., Williams, S. A., Blanco‐Pérez, E., Mata‐Escolano, F., Sanchis‐Gimeno, J. A., & Bastir, M. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23705 · Cited by 24
Constraining the chronology and ecology of Late Acheulean and Middle Palaeolithic occupations at the margins of the monsoon
Blinkhorn, J., Achyuthan, H., Durcan, J. A., Roberts, P., & Ilgner, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98897-7 · Cited by 22
Defining the Genus Homo
Mark Collard, A., & Wood, B. A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_51 · Cited by 21
Estimating fossil hominin body mass from cranial variables: An assessment using CT data from modern humans of known body mass
Elliott, M., Kurki, H. K., Weston, D. A., & Mark Collard, A. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22493 · Cited by 20
Expert Retrieval Structures and Prospective Memory in the Cognition of Acheulian Hominins
Alperson-Afil, N., Goren‐Inbar, N., Herzlinger, G., & Wynn, T. (2020) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2020.111012 · Cited by 20
Evolutionary hypothesis for Chiari type I malformation
Fernandes, Y. B., Ramina, R., Campos-Herrera, C. R., & BORGES, G. A. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.035 · Cited by 20
The Seasonality Thermostat: Female Reproductive Synchrony and Male Behavior in Monkeys, Neanderthals, and Modern Humans
Power, C., Sommer, V., & Watts, I. (2013) · PaleoAnthropology · Cited by 20
Evolution of the modern human brain
Beaudet, A., Du, A., & Wood, B. A. (2019) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.01.004 · Cited by 22
12 Later Middle Pleistocene Homo
Rightmire, G. P. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_55 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
The brain morphology of Homo Liujiang cranium fossil by three-dimensional computed tomography
Wu, X., Liu, W., Dong, W., Que, J.-M., & Wang, Y. (2008) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0263-z · Cited by 20
The internal cranial anatomy of the Middle Pleistocene Broken Hill 1 cranium
Balzeau, A., Buck, L. T., Albessard‐Ball, L., Becam, G., Grimaud-Hervé, D., Rae, T. C., & Stringer, C. B. (2015) · PaleoAnthropology · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4178.4085 · Cited by 19
A new brain endocast of Homo erectus from Hulu Cave, Nanjing, China
Wu, X., Holloway, R. L., Schepartz, L. A., & Xing, S. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21527 · Cited by 19
Evolutionary–developmental (evo-devo) dynamics of hominin brain size
González-Forero, M. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01887-8 · Cited by 19
8 Defining the Genus Homo
Mark Collard, A., & Wood, B. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_51 · Cited by 18
Phylogenetic analysis of the calvaria of Homo floresiensis
Zeitoun, V., Barriel, V., & Widianto, H. (2016) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.12.002 · Cited by 17
From Smart Apes to Human Brain Boxes. A Uniquely Derived Brain Shape in Late Hominins Clade
Melchionna, M., Profico, A., Castiglione, S., Sansalone, G., Serio, C., Mondanaro, A., Febbraro, M. D., Rook, L., Pandolfi, L., Vincenzo, F. D., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00273 · Cited by 18
Climate Change Influences Brain Size in Humans
Stibel, J. M. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000528710 · Cited by 20
Assessing thoraco‐pelvic covariation in Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes : A 3D geometric morphometric approach
Torres‐Tamayo, N., Martelli, S. A., Schlager, S., García‐Martínez, D., Sanchis‐Gimeno, J. A., Mata‐Escolano, F., Nalla, S., Ogihara, N., Oishi, M., & Bastir, M. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24103 · Cited by 16
Population Biology and Population Genetics of Pleistocene Hominins
Templeton, A. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27800-6_60-5 · Cited by 16
Cortical evolution and human behaviour
Neill, D. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.008 · Cited by 16
Cranial vault shape in fossil hominids: Fourier descriptors in norma lateralis
Lestrel, P. E., Ohtsuki, F., & Wolfe, C. A. (2010) · HOMO · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2010.07.002 · Cited by 14
Définition du taxon Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 : analyse phénétique du massif facial supérieur des fossiles du genre Homo du Pléistocène moyen
Mounier, A. (2011) · Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d anthropologie de Paris · doi:10.1007/s13219-011-0038-y · Cited by 15
A newHomo erectus(Zhoukoudian V) brain endocast from China
Wu, X., Schepartz, L. A., & Liu, W. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0149 · Cited by 15
Natural Love: Aquinas, Evolution and Charity
Willows, A. M. (2017) · The Heythrop Journal · doi:10.1111/heyj.12665 · Cited by 14
THE IMAGO DEI AS A WORK IN PROGRESS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM PALEOANTHROPOLOGY
Smedt, J. D., & Cruz, H. D. (2014) · Zygon® · doi:10.1111/zygo.12066 · Cited by 14
Secular Change of the Modern Human Bony Pelvis: Examining Morphology in the United States using Metrics and Geometric Morphometry
Driscoll, K. R. D. (2010) · Cited by 14
Evolution of hominin cranial ontogeny
Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2012) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53860-4.00013-1 · Cited by 14
Self-domestication and language evolution
Thomas, J. (2014) · ERA · Cited by 14
Disruptive evolution: harnessing functional excess, experimentation, and science as tool
Felin, T., & Kauffman, S. (2023) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtad057 · Cited by 11
Stature, body mass, and brain size: A two-million-year odyssey
Gallagher, A. (2013) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2012.12.003 · Cited by 13
Defining Homo erectus
Baab, K. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_73 · Cited by 13
Evolutionary genomics of human intellectual disability
Crespi, B. J., Summers, K., & Dorus, S. (2009) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00098.x · Cited by 12
What kind of hominin first left Africa?
Scardia, G., Neves, W. A., Tattersall, I., & Blumrich, L. (2020) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21863 · Cited by 12
17 Population Biology and Population Genetics of Pleistocene Hominins
Templeton, A. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_60 · Cited by 12
Population, Technological Progress and the Evolution of Innovative PotentialPreprint
Collins, J., Baer, B., & Weber, E. J. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2284456 · Cited by 11
A novel transgenic mouse model of fetal encephalization and craniofacial development
López, E. K. N., Stock, S. R., Taketo, M. M., Chenn, A., & Ravosa, M. J. (2008) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icn047 · Cited by 11
Technological Change in the Early Middle Pleistocene: The Onset of the Middle Stone Age at Kathu Pan 1, Northern Cape, South Africa
Wilkins, J. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 11
Brain growth in modern humans using multiple developmental databases
Vannucci, R. C., & Vannucci, S. J. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23712 · Cited by 9
Evolution of Consciousness
Georgiev, D. D. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14010048 · Cited by 13
Homo naledi cranial remains from the Lesedi chamber of the rising star cave system, South Africa
de Ruiter, D. J., Laird, M. F., Elliott, M., Schmid, P., Brophy, J. K., Hawks, J. D., & Berger, L. R. (2019) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.019 · Cited by 10
Later Middle Pleistocene Homo
Rightmire, G. P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_55 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
The Longest Transition or Multiple Revolutions?
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76487-0_4 · Cited by 10
Southeast Asian and Australian paleoanthropology: a review of the last century.
Durband, A. C. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Why did the human brain size evolve? A way forward
González-Forero, M., & Gómez‐Robles, A. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0114 · Cited by 9
Candidate Denisovan fossils identified through gene regulatory phenotyping
Mishol, N., Herzlinger, G., Rak, Y., Smilanksy, U., Carmel, L., & Gokhman, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2513968122 · Cited by 9
Reconstruction and analysis of the DAN5/P1 and BSN12/P1 Gona Early Pleistocene Homo fossils
Baab, K. L., Rogers, M., Bruner, E., & Semaw, S. (2021) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103102 · Cited by 9
The evolution of cranial form in mid-Pleistocene Homo
Rightmire, G. P. (2012) · South African Journal of Science · doi:10.4102/sajs.v108i3/4.719 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Parturition
Mesiano, S. A., DeFranco, E., & Muglia, L. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00042-9 · Cited by 9
Framing the Question: Diet and Evolution in Early Homo
Antón, S. C. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76585-3_20 · Cited by 9
Homo erectus in Salkhit, Mongolia?
Lee, S. (2015) · HOMO · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2015.02.002 · Cited by 9
On the Road to China: The Environmental Landscape of the Early Pleistocene in Western Eurasia and Its Implication for the Dispersal of Homo
Belmaker, M. (2010) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2_3 · Cited by 9
Teaching and Learning in the Pleistocene: A Biocultural Account of Human Pedagogy and Its Implications for AIED
Morrison, D. M., & Miller, K. B. (2017) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-017-0153-0 · Cited by 9
Did increasing brain size place early humans at risk of extinction?
Stibel, J. M. (2025) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106336 · Cited by 9
Digital 3D facial approximation of the Petralona skull. Methodological issues and applications
Aidonis, A., Achillas, C., Tzetzis, D., Athanassiou, A., Karkazi, E., Darlas, A., & Papageorgopoulou, C. (2023) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104206 · Cited by 8
Creativity and Complex Society Before the Upper Palaeolithic Transition
Gamble, C. (2012) · Developments in quaternary science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53821-5.00002-6 · Cited by 8
Population Biology and Population Genetics of Pleistocene Hominins
Templeton, A. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_60 · Cited by 8
Late Acheulian multiplicity in manufactured stone culture at the end of the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe
Barsky, D., Carbonell, E., Sala, R., de Castro, J. M. B., & García-Vadillo, F.-J. (2021) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.017 · Cited by 7
Comparative genetic approaches to the evolution of human brain and behavior
Vallender, E. J. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21132 · Cited by 7
From Past to Present: The Deep History of Kinship
Read, D. (2019) · Computational social sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12723-7_6 · Cited by 7
Cultural Evolution and Human Reproductive Behavior
Newson, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4060-4_21 · Cited by 7
Brain Size, Intelligence, and Paleoclimatic Variation
Gallup, J. A. A. G. G. (2007) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203809952-23 · Cited by 7
Assessing the accuracy of body mass estimation equations from pelvic and femoral variables among modern British women of known mass
Young, M., Jóhannesdóttir, F., Poole, K. E. S., Shaw, C. N., & Stock, J. T. (2017) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.011 · Cited by 7
Toward Periodization of the Biosocial Era of the Big History:
Korotayev, A. (2025) · Journal of Big History · doi:10.22339/jbh.v8i2.8201 · Cited by 12
Modification of spectral features by nonhuman primates
Weiss, D. J., Hotchkin, C. F., & Parks, S. E. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x13004226 · Cited by 6
Le massif facial supérieur d’Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 : l’apport de la morphométrie géométrique
Mounier, A. (2011) · Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d anthropologie de Paris · doi:10.1007/s13219-011-0041-3 · Cited by 6
Position of the posterior skullcap fragment from Sendang Klampok (Sangiran Dome, Java, Indonesia) among the Javanese Homo erectus record
Grimaud-Hervé, D., Balzeau, A., Widianto, H., Djubiantono, T., Détroit, F., Moigne, A., Sémah, A., Purnomo, A., Ansyori, M. M., Brasseur, B., et al. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.003 · Cited by 6
Coevolution of Brain, Culture, and Lifespan: Insights from Computer Simulations
Markov, A. V., & Markov, M. A. (2021) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297921120014 · Cited by 6
The environment and chronology of the earliest occupation of north-west Europe: Current knowledge, problems and new research directions
MacDonald, K., & Roebroeks, W. (2012) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.008 · Cited by 9
The Evolution of Encephalization
Lefebvre, L., Reader, S. M., & Boire, D. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00110-5 · Cited by 6
Neuron-based heredity and human evolution
Gash, D. M., & Deane, A. S. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00209 · Cited by 15
Reconstruction of Two Mother-Infant Dyads and Obstetrical Consequences of the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition: A Case Study from Lepenski Vir and Vlasac (Serbia)
Jovanovic, J. V., Frémondière, P., & Stefanović, S. (2019) · Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d anthropologie de Paris · doi:10.3166/bmsap-2018-0042 · Cited by 5
The Evolutionary Biology of the Human Pelvis
Wall‐Scheffler, C. M., Kurki, H. K., & Auerbach, B. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108185738 · Cited by 5
Social Sustainability, Past and Future
van der Leeuw, S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108595247 · Cited by 46
African Eve: Hoax or Hypothesis?
Bednarik, R. G. (2013) · Advances in Anthropology · doi:10.4236/aa.2013.34031 · Cited by 5
Étude préliminaire des endocrânes de Dmanissi : D 2280 et D 2282
Grimaud-Hervé, D., Lordkipanidze, D., de Lumley, M., & Gabounia, L. (2006) · L Anthropologie · doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.012 · Cited by 5
The house as a mind
Gamble, C. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.130471.1 · Cited by 4

Authors: Rightmire, G. P.
Affiliations: Binghamton University (US)
Corresponding author: Rightmire, G. Philip
ORCID: Rightmire, G. Philip
Venue: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-09-08
Volume: 124
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-123
ISSN: 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
1096-8644
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10346
OpenAlex: W2061810403
Cited by: 285
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 6.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Topics: Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Keywords: brain size, encephalization, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Middle Pleistocene hominins, brain volume, encephalization quotient, skull morphology, Sima de los Huesos, Bodo, Broken Hill, Dali, human evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Humans, Skull, Hominidae

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Brain size and encephalization in early to Mid‐Pleistocene Homo

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks