CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 112Primate Behavior and EcologyComparative Animal Anatomy StudiesMorphological variations and asymmetry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 158 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Investigating the form-function interface in African apes: Relationships between principal moments of area and positional behaviors in femoral and humeral diaphyses

Carlson, Kristian J.·2005·American Journal of Physical Anthropology
DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20124
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Investigations of cross-sectional geometry in nonhuman primate limb bones typically attribute shape ratios to qualitative behavioral characterizations, e.g., leaper, slow climber, brachiator, or terrestrial vs. arboreal quadruped. Quantitative positional behavioral data, however, have yet to be used in a rigorous evaluation of such shape-behavior connections. African apes represent an ideal population for such an investigation because their relatedness minimizes phylogenetic inertia, they exhibit diverse behavioral repertoires, and their locomotor behaviors are known from multiple studies. Cross-sectional data from femoral and humeral diaphyses were collected for 222 wild-shot specimens, encompassing Pan paniscus and all commonly recognized African ape subspecies. Digital representations of diaphyseal cross sections were acquired via computed tomography at three locations per diaphysis. Locomotor behaviors were pooled broadly into arboreal and terrestrial categories, then partitioned into quadrupedal walking, quadrumanous climbing, scrambling, and suspensory categories. Sex-specific taxonomic differences in ratios of principal moments of area (PMA) were statistically significant more often in the femoral diaphysis than the humeral diaphysis. While it appears difficult to relate a measure of shape (e.g., PMA ratio) to individual locomotor modes, general locomotor differences (e.g., percentage arboreal vs. terrestrial locomotion) are discerned more easily. As percentage of arboreal locomotion for a group increases, average cross sections appear more circular. Associations between PMA ratio and specific locomotor behaviors are less straightforward. Individual behaviors that integrate eccentric limb positions (e.g., arboreal scrambling) may not engender more circular cross sections than behaviors that incorporate repetitive sagittal movements (e.g., quadrupedal walking) in a straightforward manner.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/ajpa.20124

Cites

158 of 158 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 159 references

Research works printed but not linked: 33

  1. Amtmann, 1971, Ergeb Anat Entwicklungs, 44, 1
  2. Carlson, 2002a, Am J Phys Anthropol, 34, 52
  3. Carlson, 2000, Am J Phys Anthropol, 30, 119
  4. 1994. Human upper body evolution in the Eurasian later Pleistocene. Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
  5. Connour, 2000, J Zool Lond, 251, 79, 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00595.x · DOI
  6. Cubo, 1998, Eur J Morphol, 36, 19, 10.1076/ejom.36.1.0019 · DOI
  7. D'Août, 2001, Primatology, 4, 191
  8. 1989. Chimpanzee and pygmy chimpanzee positional behavior: the influence of environment, body size, morphology, and ontogeny on locomotion and posture. Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
  9. 1994. Comparative locomotor behavior of chimpanzees and bonobos: species and habitat differences. In: editors. Chimpanzee cultures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p 93-106.
  10. 1974. A natural history of white-handed gibbons in the Malayan peninsula. In: editor. Gibbon and siamang. Basel: Karger. p 1-136.
  11. Erickson, 1952, Anat Rec, 112, 326
  12. Gregory, 1916, Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 35, 239
  13. Gregory, 1928, Proc Am Philos Soc, 67, 129
  14. 1950. The anatomy of the gorilla. New York: Columbia University Press.
  15. Heřt, 1969, Folia Morphol (Warsz), 17, 389
  16. Heřt, 1971, Folia Morphol (Warsz), 19, 290
  17. 1992. Vertical climbing in Ateles geoffroyi and Macaca fuscata and its comparative neurological background. In: editors. Topics in primatology. Volume 3. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. p 167-176.
  18. Huiskes, 1981, Mech Properties Bone AMD, 45, 211
  19. 1989. Positional behavior in Pan troglodytes at the Mahale Mountains and the Gombe Stream National Parks, Tanzania. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  20. Hunt, 1996, S Afr J Sci, 92, 77
  21. Keith, 1891, J Straits Br R Asiat Soc, 23, 77
  22. 1975. Ecology and paleoecology of ape locomotion. In: editors. Symposia 5th Congress of the International Primatological Society. Tokyo: Japan Science Press. p 361-364.
  23. 1959. Bauprinzipien des Säugetierskeletes. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme.
  24. 1998. Responses of bone to stress: constraints on symmorphosis. In: editors. Diversity in biological design: symmorphosis—fact or fancy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 78-86.
  25. Lišková, 1971, Folia Morphol (Warsz), 19, 301
  26. Meyer, 1867, Anat Physiol Wiss Med, 34, 615
  27. Napier, 1963, Symp Zool Soc Lond, 10, 183
  28. 1993. Cross-sectional geometric properties from biplanar radiographs and computed tomography: functional application to the humerus and femur in hominoids. Ph.D. dissertation, Kent State University, Kent, OH.
  29. 1994. Feeding ecology and positional behavior of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Central African Republic. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
  30. 1881. Der zuchtende Kampf der Teile, oder die “Teilauslese” im Organimus (Theorie der “funktionellen Anpassung”). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
  31. 1994. Humeral and femoral diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry and articular dimensions in Prosimii and Platyrrhini (Primates) with application for reconstruction of body mass and locomotor behavior in Adapidae (Primates: Eocene). Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
  32. Runestad, 1992, Am J Phys Anthropol, 14, 143
  33. Stern, 1977, Yrbk Phys Anthropol, 20, 498

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Carlson, K. J.
Affiliations
Stony Brook University (US)
Corresponding author
Carlson, Kristian J.
ORCID
Carlson, Kristian J.
Venue
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005
Volume
127
Issue
3
Pages
312-334
ISSN
  • 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-8644
DOI
10.1002/ajpa.20124
OpenAlex
W2036741824
Cited by
112
References
159
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
5.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3895 d)
Locations
  • American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Keywords
African apes, bonobos, femoral diaphysis, humeral diaphysis, locomotor behavior, arboreal locomotion, quadrupedal walking, climbing, sex differences, form-function relationship
MeSH terms
Africa, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Female, Femur, Humerus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Locomotion, Male, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Hominidae, Diaphyses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review