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Intrathecal pathogenic anti–aquaporin‐4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The serum of most neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients contains autoantibodies (NMO‐IgGs) directed against the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel located on astrocyte foot processes in the perivessel and subpial areas of the brain. Our objectives were to determine the source of central nervous system (CNS) NMO‐IgGs and their role in disease pathogenesis. Methods: Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and single‐cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify overrepresented plasma cell immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an NMO patient after a first clinical attack. Monoclonal recombinant antibodies (rAbs) were generated from the paired heavy and light chain sequences and tested for target specificity and Fc effector function. The effect of CSF rAbs on CNS immunopathology was investigated by delivering single rAbs to rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results: Repertoire analysis revealed a dynamic, clonally expanded plasma cell population with features of an antigen‐targeted response. Using multiple independent assays, 6 of 11 rAbs generated from CSF plasma cell clones specifically bound to AQP4. AQP4‐specific rAbs recognized conformational epitopes and mediated both AQP4‐directed antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement‐mediated lysis. When administered to rats with EAE, an AQP4‐specific NMO CSF rAb induced NMO immunopathology: perivascular astrocyte depletion, myelinolysis, and complement and Ig deposition. Interpretation: Molecular characterization of the CSF plasma cell repertoire in an early NMO patient demonstrates that AQP4‐specfic Ig is synthesized intrathecally at disease onset and directly contributes to CNS pathology. AQP4 is now the first confirmed antigenic target in human demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 2009;66:617–629
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Cited by
Cree, B. A. C., Bennett, J. L., Kim, H. J., Weinshenker, B. G., Pittock, S. J., Wingerchuk, D. M., Fujihara, K., Paul, F., Cutter, G. R., Marignier, R., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31817-3 · Cited by 756
Self-citationNeuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS), Trebst, C., Jarius, S., Berthele, A., Paul, F., Schippling, S., Wildemann, B., Borisow, N., Kleiter, I., Aktas, O., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-013-7169-7 · Cited by 595
Serologic diagnosis of NMO: A multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays
Waters, P. J., McKeon, A., Leite, M. I., Rajasekharan, S., Lennon, V. A., Villalobos, A., Palace, J., Mandrekar, J. N., Vincent, A., Bar-Or, A., et al. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318248dec1 · Cited by 526
Jarius, S., Paul, F., Weinshenker, B. G., Levy, M., Kim, H. J., & Wildemann, B. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9 · Cited by 478
Aquaporins in Clinical Medicine
Verkman, A. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-043010-193843 · Cited by 388
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, J. L., Lam, C., Kalluri, S. R., Saikali, P., Bautista, K., Dupree, C., Glogowska, M., Case, D., Antel, J. P., Owens, G. P., Gilden, D., Nessler, S., Stadelmann, C., & Hemmer, B.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 617-629
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2077427574
- Cited by
- 590
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 34.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intrathecal pathogenic anti–aquaporin‐4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/ana.21802
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- Bennett, J. L., Lam, C., Kalluri, S. R., Saikali, P., Bautista, K., Dupree, C., Glogowska, M., Case, D., Antel, J. P., Owens, G. P., Gilden, D., Nessler, S., Stadelmann, C., & Hemmer, B. (2009). Intrathecal pathogenic anti–aquaporin‐4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica. Annals of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21802
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