CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 595Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesOcular Diseases and Behçet’s SyndromePeripheral Neuropathies and Disorders

Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: Recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)

Open access
Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS), Trebst, Corinna, Jarius, Sven, Berthele, Achim, Paul, Friedemann, Schippling, Sven, Wildemann, Brigitte, Borisow, Nadja +3 more·2014·Journal of Neurology
DOI 10.1007/s00415-013-7169-7PMC PMC3895189
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic's syndrome), long considered a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis, is now regarded as a distinct disease entity. Major progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of NMO since aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab; also termed NMO-IgG) were first described in 2004. In this review, the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) summarizes recently obtained knowledge on NMO and highlights new developments in its diagnosis and treatment, based on current guidelines, the published literature and expert discussion at regular NEMOS meetings. Testing of AQP4-Ab is essential and is the most important test in the diagnostic work-up of suspected NMO, and helps to distinguish NMO from other autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, AQP4-Ab testing has expanded our knowledge of the clinical presentation of NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). In addition, imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord, are obligatory in the diagnostic workup. It is important to note that brain lesions in NMO and NMOSD are not uncommon, do not rule out the diagnosis, and show characteristic patterns. Other imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography are proposed as useful tools in the assessment of retinal damage. Therapy of NMO should be initiated early. Azathioprine and rituximab are suggested as first-line treatments, the latter being increasingly regarded as an established therapy with long-term efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in NMO patients. Other immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and mitoxantrone, are recommended as second-line treatments. Promising new therapies are emerging in the form of anti-IL6 receptor, anti-complement or anti-AQP4-Ab biologicals.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00415-013-7169-7

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • An accurate diagnosis of NMOSD is essential since prompt treatment of acute attacks and long-term immunosuppression appear to reduce disability, while conventional MS treatments may aggravate NMOSD.

    “An accurate diagnosis of NMOSD is essential since prompt treatment of acute attacks and long-term immunosuppression appear to reduce disability, while conventional MS treatments may aggravate NMOSD.44,48”

    From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [44]

  • The identification of a pathogenic IgG antibody directed against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) water channel has established NMOSD as a specific disease entity that needs to be differentiated from MS because of important differences in prognosis and treatment.

    “The identification of a pathogenic IgG antibody directed against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) water channel has established NMOSD as a specific disease entity that needs to be differentiated from MS because of important differences in prognosis and treatment.44,45”

    From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [44]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 232

  1. [1]Jarius S Ruprecht K Wildemann B Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: a multicentre study of 175 patients J Neuroinflammation 2012 9 14 10.1186/1742-2094-9-14 22260418 PMC3283476 · DOI
  2. [2]Trebst C Berthele A Jarius S Kümpfel T Schippling S Wildemann B Wilke C Diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica. Consensus recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group Nervenarzt 2011 82 768 777 10.1007/s00115-010-3192-4 21174070 · DOI
  3. [3]Kimbrough DJ Fujihara K Jacob A Treatment of neuromyelitis optica: review and recommendations Mult Scler Relat Disord 2012 1 180 187 10.1016/j.msard.2012.06.002 24555176 PMC3926208 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [4]Sellner J Boggild M Clanet M Hintzen RQ Illes Z Montalban X Du Pasquier RA Polman CH Sorensen PS Hemmer B EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica Eur J Neurol 2010 17 1019 1032 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03066.x 20528913 · DOI
  5. [5]Scott TF Frohman EM De Seze J Gronseth GS Weinshenker BG Evidence-based guideline: clinical evaluation and treatment of transverse myelitis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology 2011 77 2128 2134 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823dc535 22156988 · DOI
  6. [6]Jarius S Wildemann B Neuromyelitis optica Nervenarzt 2007 78 1365 1377 10.1007/s00115-007-2262-8 17934711 · DOI
  7. [7]Wingerchuk DM Hogancamp WF O’Brien PC Weinshenker BG The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s syndrome) Neurology 1999 53 1107 1114 10.1212/WNL.53.5.1107 10496275 · DOI
  8. [8]Jarius S Wildemann B The history of neuromyelitis optica J Neuroinflammation 2013 10 8 10.1186/1742-2094-10-8 23320783 PMC3599417 · DOI
  9. [9]Jarius S Wildemann B The case of the Marquis de Causan (1804): an early account of visual loss associated with spinal cord inflammation J Neurol 2012 259 1354 1357 10.1007/s00415-011-6355-8 22237820 · DOI
  10. [10]Jarius S Wildemann B “Noteomielite” accompanied by acute amaurosis (1844). An early case of neuromyelitis optica J Neurol Sci 2012 313 182 184 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.025 21992815 · DOI
  11. [11]Jarius S Wildemann B An early British case of neuromyelitis optica (1850) BMJ 2012 345 e6430 10.1136/bmj.e6430 23431580 · DOI
  12. [12]Jarius S Wildemann B An early case of neuromyelitis optica: on a forgotten report by Jacob Lockhart Clarke, FRS Mult Scler 2011 17 1384 1386 10.1177/1352458511411758 21690148 · DOI
  13. [13]Jarius S Wildemann B On the contribution of Thomas Clifford Allbutt, F.R.S., to the early history of neuromyelitis optica J Neurol 2013 260 100 104 10.1007/s00415-012-6594-3 22782261 · DOI
  14. [14]Mandler RN Davis LE Jeffery DR Kornfeld M Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: a clinicopathological study of 8 patients Ann Neurol 1993 34 162 168 10.1002/ana.410340211 8338340 · DOI
  15. [15]Lucchinetti CF Mandler RN McGavern D A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic’s neuromyelitis optica Brain 2002 125 1450 1461 10.1093/brain/awf151 12076996 PMC5444467 · DOI
  16. [16]Lee D-H Metz I Berthele A Stadelmann C Brück W Linker RA Gold R Schroeder A Supraspinal demyelinating lesions in neuromyelitis optica display a typical astrocyte pathology Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010 36 685 687 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01105.x 20618839 · DOI
  17. [17]Lennon VA Kryzer TJ Pittock SJ Verkman AS Hinson SR IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel J Exp Med 2005 202 473 477 10.1084/jem.20050304 16087714 PMC2212860 · DOI · Paper page
  18. [18]Lennon VA Wingerchuk DM Kryzer TJ Pittock SJ Lucchinetti CF Fujihara K Nakashima I Weinshenker BG A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis Lancet 2004 364 2106 2112 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X 15589308 · DOI · Paper page
  19. [19]Jarius S Paul F Franciotta D Waters P Zipp F Hohlfeld R Vincent A Wildemann B Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2008 4 202 214 18334978
  20. [20]Jarius S Wildemann B AQP4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica: diagnostic and pathogenetic relevance Nat Rev Neurol 2010 6 383 392 10.1038/nrneurol.2010.72 20639914 · DOI
  21. [21]Graber DJ Levy M Kerr D Wade WF Neuromyelitis optica pathogenesis and aquaporin 4 J Neuroinflammation 2008 5 22 10.1186/1742-2094-5-22 18510734 PMC2427020 · DOI
  22. [22]Bennett JL Lam C Kalluri SR Intrathecal pathogenic anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica Ann Neurol 2009 66 617 629 10.1002/ana.21802 19938104 PMC3180961 · DOI
  23. [23]Bradl M Misu T Takahashi T Neuromyelitis optica: pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo Ann Neurol 2009 66 630 643 10.1002/ana.21837 19937948 · DOI
  24. [24]Ratelade J Bennett JL Verkman AS Intravenous neuromyelitis optica autoantibody in mice targets aquaporin-4 in peripheral organs and area postrema PLoS One 2011 6 e27412 10.1371/journal.pone.0027412 22076159 PMC3208637 · DOI
  25. [25]Mader S Lutterotti A Di Pauli F Patterns of antibody binding to aquaporin-4 isoforms in neuromyelitis optica PLoS One 2010 5 e10455 10.1371/journal.pone.0010455 20463974 PMC2864757 · DOI
  26. [26]Nelson PA Khodadoust M Prodhomme T Spencer C Patarroyo JC Varrin-Doyer M Ho JD Stroud RM Zamvil SS Immunodominant T cell determinants of aquaporin-4, the autoantigen associated with neuromyelitis optica PLoS One 2010 5 e15050 10.1371/journal.pone.0015050 21151500 PMC2994828 · DOI
  27. [27]Kalluri SR Rothhammer V Staszewski O Srivastava R Petermann F Prinz M Hemmer B Korn T Functional characterization of aquaporin-4 specific T cells: towards a model for neuromyelitis optica PLoS One 2011 6 e16083 10.1371/journal.pone.0016083 21264240 PMC3021520 · DOI
  28. [28]Wingerchuk DM Lennon VA Pittock SJ Lucchinetti CF Weinshenker BG Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2006 66 1485 1489 10.1212/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74 16717206 · DOI
  29. [29]Miller DH Weinshenker BG Filippi M Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: a consensus approach Mult Scler 2008 14 1157 1174 10.1177/1352458508096878 18805839 PMC2850590 · DOI · Paper page
  30. [30]Wingerchuk DM Lennon VA Lucchinetti CF Pittock SJ Weinshenker BG The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica Lancet Neurol 2007 6 805 815 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70216-8 17706564 · DOI
  31. [31]Bizzoco E Lolli F Repice AM Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and phenotype distribution J Neurol 2009 256 1891 1898 10.1007/s00415-009-5171-x 19479168 · DOI
  32. [32]Jacob A, Panicker J, Lythgoe D, Elsone L, Mutch K, Wilson M, Das K, Boggild M (2013) The epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica amongst adults in the Merseyside county of United Kingdom. J Neurol 260:2134–2137 23689970
  33. [33]Asgari N Lillevang ST Skejoe HPB Falah M Stenager E Kyvik KO A population-based study of neuromyelitis optica in Caucasians Neurology 2011 76 1589 1595 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182190f74 21536639 PMC3269768 · DOI
  34. [34]Wingerchuk DM Neuromyelitis optica: effect of gender J Neurol Sci 2009 286 18 23 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.045 19740485 · DOI
  35. [35]Barbieri F Buscaino GA Neuromyelitis optica in the elderly Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1989 11 247 251 2801258
  36. [36]Banwell B Tenembaum S Lennon VA Ursell E Kennedy J Bar-Or A Weinshenker BG Lucchinetti CF Pittock SJ Neuromyelitis optica-IgG in childhood inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders Neurology 2008 70 344 352 10.1212/01.wnl.0000284600.80782.d5 18094334 · DOI
  37. [37]McKeon A Lennon VA Lotze T CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children Neurology 2008 71 93 100 10.1212/01.wnl.0000314832.24682.c6 18509092 · DOI
  38. [38]Lotze TE Northrop JL Hutton GJ Ross B Schiffman JS Hunter JV Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica Pediatrics 2008 122 e1039 e1047 10.1542/peds.2007-2758 18838462 · DOI
  39. [39]Bergamaschi R Jarius S Robotti M Pichiecchio A Wildemann B Meola G Two cases of benign neuromyelitis optica in patients with celiac disease J Neurol 2009 256 2097 2099 10.1007/s00415-009-5288-y 21473007 · DOI
  40. [40]Jarius S Jacob S Waters P Jacob A Littleton E Vincent A Neuromyelitis optica in patients with gluten sensitivity associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2008 79 1084 10.1136/jnnp.2007.143263 18708571 · DOI
  41. [41]Kay CSK Scola RH Lorenzoni PJ Jarius S Arruda WO Werneck LC NMO-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica in a patient with myasthenia gravis but no thymectomy J Neurol Sci 2008 275 148 150 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.038 18703206 · DOI
  42. [42]McKeon A Lennon VA Jacob A Coexistence of myasthenia gravis and serological markers of neurological autoimmunity in neuromyelitis optica Muscle Nerve 2009 39 87 90 10.1002/mus.21197 19086079 · DOI
  43. [43]Pittock SJ Lennon VA de Seze J Vermersch P Homburger HA Wingerchuk DM Lucchinetti CF Zéphir H Moder K Weinshenker BG Neuromyelitis optica and non organ-specific autoimmunity Arch Neurol 2008 65 78 83 18195142
  44. [44]Wandinger K-P Stangel M Witte T Venables P Charles P Jarius S Wildemann B Probst C Iking-Konert C Schneider M Autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren’s syndrome Arthritis Rheum 2010 62 1198 1200 10.1002/art.27337 20131265 · DOI
  45. [45]Jarius S Jacobi C de Seze J Frequency and syndrome specificity of antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neurological patients with rheumatic disorders Mult Scler 2011 17 1067 1073 10.1177/1352458511403958 21543553 · DOI
  46. [46]Závada J Nytrová P Wandinger KP Jarius S Svobodová R Probst C Peterová V Tegzová D Pavelka K Vencovský J Seroprevalence and specificity of NMO-IgG (anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies) in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatol Int 2013 33 259 263 10.1007/s00296-011-2176-4 22038193 · DOI
  47. [47]Jarius S Paul F Franciotta D Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis: ten new aquaporin-4 antibody positive cases and a review of the literature Mult Scler 2012 18 1135 1143 10.1177/1352458511431728 22183934 · DOI
  48. [48]Nagaishi A Takagi M Umemura A Tanaka M Kitagawa Y Matsui M Nishizawa M Sakimura K Tanaka K Clinical features of neuromyelitis optica in a large Japanese cohort: comparison between phenotypes J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2011 82 1360 1364 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300403 21665917 · DOI
  49. [49]Kister I Gulati S Boz C Bergamaschi R Piccolo G Piccolo G Oger J Swerdlow ML Neuromyelitis optica in patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy Arch Neurol 2006 63 851 856 10.1001/archneur.63.6.851 16769866 · DOI
  50. [50]Gotkine M Fellig Y Abramsky O Occurrence of CNS demyelinating disease in patients with myasthenia gravis Neurology 2006 67 881 883 10.1212/01.wnl.0000234142.41728.a0 16966558 · DOI
  51. [51]Vaknin-Dembinsky A Abramsky O Petrou P Ben-Hur T Gotkine M Brill L Brenner T Argov Z Karussis D Myasthenia gravis-associated neuromyelitis optica-like disease: an immunological link between the central nervous system and muscle? Arch Neurol 2011 68 1557 1561 10.1001/archneurol.2011.200 21825214 · DOI
  52. [52]Wingerchuk DM Weinshenker BG The emerging relationship between neuromyelitis optica and systemic rheumatologic autoimmune disease Mult Scler 2012 18 5 10 10.1177/1352458511431077 22146604 · DOI
  53. [53]Kitley J Leite MI Nakashima I Prognostic factors and disease course in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the United Kingdom and Japan Brain 2012 135 1834 1849 10.1093/brain/aws109 22577216 · DOI · Paper page
  54. [54]Fragoso YD Adoni T Bichuetti DB Brooks JBB Ferreira MLB Oliveira EML Oliveira CLS Ribeiro SBF Silva AE Siquineli F Neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy J Neurol 2013 260 2614 2619 10.1007/s00415-013-7031-y 23835638 · DOI
  55. [55]Bourre B Marignier R Zéphir H Neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy Neurology 2012 78 875 879 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824c466f 22402855 · DOI
  56. [56]Paty DW Oger JJ Kastrukoff LF Hashimoto SA Hooge JP Eisen AA Eisen KA Purves SJ Low MD Brandejs V MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding, and CT Neurology 1988 38 180 185 10.1212/WNL.38.2.180 3340277 · DOI
  57. [57]Lu Z Zhang B Qiu W Kang Z Shen L Long Y Huang J Hu X Comparative brain stem lesions on MRI of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis PLoS One 2011 6 e22766 10.1371/journal.pone.0022766 21853047 PMC3154259 · DOI
  58. [58]Apiwattanakul M Popescu BF Matiello M Weinshenker BG Lucchinetti CF Lennon VA McKeon A Carpenter AF Miller GM Pittock SJ Intractable vomiting as the initial presentation of neuromyelitis optica Ann Neurol 2010 68 757 761 10.1002/ana.22121 21031587 · DOI
  59. [59]Popescu BFG Lennon VA Parisi JE Neuromyelitis optica unique area postrema lesions: nausea, vomiting, and pathogenic implications Neurology 2011 76 1229 1237 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318214332c 21368286 PMC3068006 · DOI · Paper page
  60. [60]Misu T Fujihara K Nakashima I Sato S Itoyama Y Intractable hiccup and nausea with periaqueductal lesions in neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2005 65 1479 1482 10.1212/01.wnl.0000183151.19351.82 16275842 · DOI
  61. [61]Takahashi T Miyazawa I Misu T Takano R Nakashima I Fujihara K Tobita M Itoyama Y Intractable hiccup and nausea in neuromyelitis optica with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody: a herald of acute exacerbations J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2008 79 1075 1078 10.1136/jnnp.2008.145391 18420727 · DOI
  62. [62]Kanbayashi T Shimohata T Nakashima I Yaguchi H Yabe I Nishizawa M Shimizu T Nishino S Symptomatic narcolepsy in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: new neurochemical and immunological implications Arch Neurol 2009 66 1563 1566 10.1001/archneurol.2009.264 20008665 · DOI
  63. [63]Suzuki K Nakamura T Hashimoto K Miyamoto M Komagamine T Nagashima T Izawa N Kanbayashi T Takahashi T Hirata K Hypothermia, hypotension, hypersomnia, and obesity associated with hypothalamic lesions in a patient positive for the anti-aquaporin 4 antibody: a case report and literature review Arch Neurol 2012 69 1355 1359 22777080
  64. [64]Magaña SM Matiello M Pittock SJ McKeon A Lennon VA Rabinstein AA Shuster E Kantarci OH Lucchinetti CF Weinshenker BG Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Neurology 2009 72 712 717 10.1212/01.wnl.0000343001.36493.ae 19237699 · DOI
  65. [65]Schmidt F, Önder G, Jarius S, Wildemann B, Ruprecht K, Paul F, Harms L (2013) Olfactory dysfunction in patients with neuromyelitis optica. Multiple Sclerosis International: ID 654501 PMC3800619 24187622
  66. [66]Saadoun S Waters P Leite MI Bennett JL Vincent A Papadopoulos MC Neuromyelitis optica IgG causes placental inflammation and fetal death J Immunol 2013 191 2999 3005 10.4049/jimmunol.1301483 23935196 PMC4161708 · DOI
  67. [67]Reuss R Rommer PS Brück W A woman with acute myelopathy in pregnancy: case outcome BMJ 2009 339 b4026 10.1136/bmj.b4026 20007656 · DOI
  68. [69]Cosgrove J Alli S Ramadan H Ford HL Myocarditis and diffuse skeletal muscle oedema: new features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder? A case report Mult Scler 2013 23846353
  69. [70]Deguchi S Deguchi K Sato K HyperCKemia related to the initial and recurrent attacks of neuromyelitis optica Intern Med 2012 51 2617 2620 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7898 22989837 · DOI
  70. [71]Di Filippo M Franciotta D Massa R Recurrent hyperCKemia with normal muscle biopsy in a pediatric patient with neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2012 79 1182 1184 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182698d39 22933739 PMC4098827 · DOI
  71. [72]Suzuki N Takahashi T Aoki M Neuromyelitis optica preceded by hyperCKemia episode Neurology 2010 74 1543 1545 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181dd445b 20458072 · DOI
  72. [73]Jarius S Lauda F Wildemann B Tumani H Steroid-responsive hearing impairment in NMO-IgG/aquaporin-4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica J Neurol 2013 260 663 664 10.1007/s00415-012-6755-4 23180186 · DOI
  73. [74]Jarius S Frederikson J Waters P Frequency and prognostic impact of antibodies to aquaporin-4 in patients with optic neuritis J Neurol Sci 2010 298 158 162 10.1016/j.jns.2010.07.011 20850793 · DOI
  74. [75]Matiello M Lennon VA Jacob A Pittock SJ Lucchinetti CF Wingerchuk DM Weinshenker BG NMO-IgG predicts the outcome of recurrent optic neuritis Neurology 2008 70 2197 2200 10.1212/01.wnl.0000303817.82134.da 18434643 · DOI
  75. [76]Petzold A Pittock S Lennon V Maggiore C Weinshenker BG Plant GT Neuromyelitis optica-IgG (aquaporin-4) autoantibodies in immune mediated optic neuritis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2010 81 109 111 10.1136/jnnp.2008.146894 20019228 · DOI
  76. [77]Weinshenker BG Wingerchuk DM Vukusic S Linbo L Pittock SJ Lucchinetti CF Lennon VA Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis Ann Neurol 2006 59 566 569 10.1002/ana.20770 16453327 · DOI
  77. [78]Kim S-M Go MJ Sung J-J Park KS Lee K-W Painful tonic spasm in neuromyelitis optica: incidence, diagnostic utility, and clinical characteristics Arch Neurol 2012 69 1026 1031 22473770
  78. [79]Kanamori Y Nakashima I Takai Y Nishiyama S Kuroda H Takahashi T Kanaoka-Suzuki C Misu T Fujihara K Itoyama Y Pain in neuromyelitis optica and its effect on quality of life: a cross-sectional study Neurology 2011 77 652 658 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318229e694 21813781 · DOI
  79. [80]Qian P Lancia S Alvarez E Klawiter EC Cross AH Naismith RT Association of neuromyelitis optica with severe and intractable pain Arch Neurol 2012 69 1482 1487 10.1001/archneurol.2012.768 22926050 PMC3561507 · DOI
  80. [81]Jarius S Paul F Ruprecht K Wildemann B Low vitamin B12 levels and gastric parietal cell antibodies in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders J Neurol 2012 259 2743 2745 10.1007/s00415-012-6677-1 23052597 · DOI
  81. [82]Jarius S Wandinger KP Borowski K Stoecker W Wildemann B Antibodies to CV2/CRMP5 in neuromyelitis optica-like disease: case report and review of the literature Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012 114 331 335 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.10.048 22138095 · DOI
  82. [83]Jaiser SR Winston GP Copper deficiency myelopathy J Neurol 2010 257 869 881 10.1007/s00415-010-5511-x 20232210 PMC3691478 · DOI
  83. [84]Mader S Gredler V Schanda K Complement activating antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders J Neuroinflammation 2011 8 184 10.1186/1742-2094-8-184 22204662 PMC3278385 · DOI
  84. [85]Rostasy K Mader S Schanda K Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in pediatric patients with optic neuritis Arch Neurol 2012 69 752 756 10.1001/archneurol.2011.2956 22371853 · DOI · Paper page
  85. [86]Kitley J Woodhall M Waters P Leite MI Devenney E Craig J Palace J Vincent A Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in adults with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype Neurology 2012 79 1273 1277 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826aac4e 22914827 · DOI · Paper page
  86. [87]Reindl M Di Pauli F Rostásy K Berger T The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases Nat Rev Neurol 2013 9 455 461 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.118 23797245 · DOI
  87. [88]Waters P Jarius S Littleton E Aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis Arch Neurol 2008 65 913 919 10.1001/archneur.65.7.913 18625857 · DOI
  88. [89]Hayakawa S Mori M Okuta A Neuromyelitis optica and anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay J Neuroimmunol 2008 196 181 187 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.03.009 18462810 · DOI
  89. [90]Jarius S Franciotta D Bergamaschi R Wright H Littleton E Palace J Hohlfeld R Vincent A NMO-IgG in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2007 68 1076 1077 10.1212/01.wnl.0000256822.01222.bd 17287449 · DOI
  90. [91]Jarius S Probst C Borowski K Franciotta D Wildemann B Stoecker W Wandinger KP Standardized method for the detection of antibodies to aquaporin-4 based on a highly sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing recombinant target antigen J Neurol Sci 2010 291 52 56 10.1016/j.jns.2010.01.002 20117794 · DOI
  91. [92]Kalluri SR Illes Z Srivastava R Cree B Menge T Bennett JL Berthele A Hemmer B Quantification and functional characterization of antibodies to native aquaporin 4 in neuromyelitis optica Arch Neurol 2010 67 1201 1208 10.1001/archneurol.2010.269 20937947 · DOI
  92. [93]Paul F Jarius S Aktas O Antibody to aquaporin 4 in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica PLoS Med 2007 4 e133 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040133 17439296 PMC1852124 · DOI
  93. [94]Takahashi T Fujihara K Nakashima I Misu T Miyazawa I Nakamura M Watanabe S Ishii N Itoyama Y Establishment of a new sensitive assay for anti-human aquaporin-4 antibody in neuromyelitis optica Tohoku J Exp Med 2006 210 307 313 10.1620/tjem.210.307 17146196 · DOI
  94. [95]Jarius S Franciotta D Paul F Bergamaschi R Rommer PS Ruprecht K Ringelstein M Aktas O Kristoferitsch W Wildemann B Testing for antibodies to human aquaporin-4 by ELISA: sensitivity, specificity, and direct comparison with immunohistochemistry J Neurol Sci 2012 320 32 37 10.1016/j.jns.2012.06.002 22705047 · DOI
  95. [96]Kim W Lee J-E Li XF Kim S-H Han B-G Lee BI Kim JK Choi K Kim HJ Quantitative measurement of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant human aquaporin-4 Mult Scler 2012 18 578 586 10.1177/1352458511424590 21965418 · DOI
  96. [97]Jarius S Wildemann B Aquaporin-4 antibodies (NMO-IgG) as a serological marker of neuromyelitis optica: a critical review of the literature Brain Pathol 2013 23 661 683 10.1111/bpa.12084 24118483 PMC8028894 · DOI
  97. [98]Takahashi T Fujihara K Nakashima I Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre Brain 2007 130 1235 1243 10.1093/brain/awm062 17449477 · DOI
  98. [99]Ketelslegers IA Modderman PW Vennegoor A Killestein J Hamann D Hintzen RQ Antibodies against aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica: distinction between recurrent and monophasic patients Mult Scler 2011 17 1527 1530 10.1177/1352458511412995 21828202 · DOI
  99. [100]Jarius S Aboul-Enein F Waters P Kuenz B Hauser A Berger T Lang W Reindl M Vincent A Kristoferitsch W Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica Brain 2008 131 3072 3080 10.1093/brain/awn240 18945724 PMC2577801 · DOI
  100. [101]Heerlein K Jarius S Jacobi C Rohde S Storch-Hagenlocher B Wildemann B Aquaporin-4 antibody positive longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis following varicella zoster infection J Neurol Sci 2009 276 184 186 10.1016/j.jns.2008.08.015 18805556 · DOI
  101. [102]Pellkofer HL Krumbholz M Berthele A Long-term follow-up of patients with neuromyelitis optica after repeated therapy with rituximab Neurology 2011 76 1310 1315 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182152881 21482945 · DOI
  102. [103]Jarius S Franciotta D Bergamaschi R Wildemann B Wandinger K-P Immunoglobulin M antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders Clin Chem Lab Med 2010 48 659 663 10.1515/CCLM.2010.127 20184532 · DOI
  103. [104]Jarius S Franciotta D Paul F Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance J Neuroinflammation 2010 7 52 10.1186/1742-2094-7-52 20825655 PMC2945323 · DOI
  104. [105]Klawiter EC Alvarez E 3rd Xu J Paciorkowski AR Zhu L Parks BJ Cross AH Naismith RT NMO-IgG detected in CSF in seronegative neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2009 72 1101 1103 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345066.57745.50 19307546 PMC2677472 · DOI
  105. [106]Jarius S Wildemann B Effect of storage conditions and freeze/thaw cycles on aquaporin-4 antibody (NMO-IgG) serum levels Clin Chem Lab Med 2011 49 2121 2122 10.1515/CCLM.2011.717 21936610 · DOI
  106. [107]Waters PJ McKeon A Leite MI Serologic diagnosis of NMO: a multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays Neurology 2012 78 665 671 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318248dec1 22302543 PMC3286228 · DOI · Paper page
  107. [108]De Seze J Stojkovic T Ferriby D Gauvrit J-Y Montagne C Mounier-Vehier F Verier A Pruvo J-P Hache J-C Vermersch P Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: clinical, laboratory, MRI and outcome profile J Neurol Sci 2002 197 57 61 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00043-6 11997067 · DOI
  108. [109]Ghezzi A Bergamaschi R Martinelli V Clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of relapsing Devic’s Neuromyelitis Optica J Neurol 2004 251 47 52 10.1007/s00415-004-0271-0 14999489 · DOI
  109. [110]O’Riordan JI Gallagher HL Thompson AJ Howard RS Kingsley DP Thompson EJ McDonald WI Miller DH Clinical, CSF, and MRI findings in Devic’s neuromyelitis optica J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1996 60 382 387 10.1136/jnnp.60.4.382 8774400 PMC1073888 · DOI
  110. [111]Jarius S Paul F Franciotta D Cerebrospinal fluid findings in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica: results from 211 lumbar punctures J Neurol Sci 2011 306 82 90 10.1016/j.jns.2011.03.038 21550068 · DOI · Paper page
  111. [112]Lepur D Peterković V Kalabrić-Lepur N Neuromyelitis optica with CSF examination mimicking bacterial meningomyelitis Neurol Sci 2009 30 51 54 10.1007/s10072-008-0002-x 19145403 · DOI
  112. [113]Jarius S, Wildemann B (2013) Aquaporin-4 antibodies, CNS acidosis and neuromyelitis optica: A potential link. Med Hypotheses. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.011 24182872 · DOI
  113. [114]Bergamaschi R Tonietti S Franciotta D Candeloro E Tavazzi E Piccolo G Romani A Cosi V Oligoclonal bands in Devic’s neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: differences in repeated cerebrospinal fluid examinations Mult Scler 2004 10 2 4 10.1191/1352458504ms988oa 14760945 · DOI
  114. [115]Jarius S Franciotta D Bergamaschi R Polyspecific, antiviral immune response distinguishes multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2008 79 1134 1136 10.1136/jnnp.2007.133330 18270237 · DOI
  115. [116]Uzawa A Mori M Arai K Sato Y Hayakawa S Masuda S Taniguchi J Kuwabara S Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: signifiance of interleukin-6 Mult Scler 2010 16 1443 1452 10.1177/1352458510379247 20739337 · DOI
  116. [117]Içöz S Tüzün E Kürtüncü M Durmuş H Mutlu M Eraksoy M Akman-Demir G Enhanced IL-6 production in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica patients Int J Neurosci 2010 120 71 75 10.3109/00207450903428970 20128675 · DOI
  117. [118]Wang H Wang K Zhong X Dai Y Qiu W Wu A Hu X Notable increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptors in neuromyelitis optica Neuroimmunomodulation 2012 19 304 308 10.1159/000339302 22777162 · DOI
  118. [119]Storoni M Petzold A Plant GT The use of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein measurements in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum optic neuritis PLoS One 2011 6 e23489 10.1371/journal.pone.0023489 21876753 PMC3158082 · DOI
  119. [120]Petzold A Eikelenboom MJ Gveric D Markers for different glial cell responses in multiple sclerosis: clinical and pathological correlations Brain 2002 125 1462 1473 10.1093/brain/awf165 12076997 · DOI
  120. [121]Misu T Takano R Fujihara K Takahashi T Sato S Itoyama Y Marked increase in cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillar acidic protein in neuromyelitis optica: an astrocytic damage marker J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2009 80 575 577 10.1136/jnnp.2008.150698 19372295 · DOI
  121. [122]Takano R Misu T Takahashi T Izumiyama M Fujihara K Itoyama Y A prominent elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid during relapse in neuromyelitis optica Tohoku J Exp Med 2008 215 55 59 10.1620/tjem.215.55 18509235 · DOI
  122. [123]Takano R Misu T Takahashi T Sato S Fujihara K Itoyama Y Astrocytic damage is far more severe than demyelination in NMO: a clinical CSF biomarker study Neurology 2010 75 208 216 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e2414b 20644148 · DOI
  123. [124]Uzawa A Mori M Sawai S Masuda S Muto M Uchida T Ito S Nomura F Kuwabara S Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels are increased during initial neuromyelitis optica attacks Clin Chim Acta 2013 421 181 183 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.020 23535508 · DOI
  124. [125]Ringelstein M Kleiter I Ayzenberg I Visual evoked potentials in neuromyelitis optica and its spectrum disorders Mult Scler 2013 24009163
  125. [126]Neto SP Alvarenga RMP Vasconcelos CCF Alvarenga MP Pinto LC Pinto VLR Evaluation of pattern-reversal visual evoked potential in patients with neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler 2013 19 173 178 10.1177/1352458512447597 22641300 · DOI
  126. [127]Filippi M Rocca MA MR imaging of Devic’s neuromyelitis optica Neurol Sci 2004 25 Suppl 4 S371 S373 10.1007/s10072-004-0344-y 15727237 · DOI
  127. [128]Lim BC Hwang H Kim KJ Hwang YS Cheon J-E Kim I-O Kim HJ Chae J-H Relapsing demyelinating CNS disease in a Korean pediatric population: multiple sclerosis versus neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler 2011 17 67 73 10.1177/1352458510382685 20858690 · DOI
  128. [129]Krampla W Aboul-Enein F Jecel J Lang W Fertl E Hruby W Kristoferitsch W Spinal cord lesions in patients with neuromyelitis optica: a retrospective long-term MRI follow-up study Eur Radiol 2009 19 2535 2543 10.1007/s00330-009-1425-3 19415287 · DOI
  129. [130]Ringelstein M, Metz I, Ruprecht K, Koch A, Rappold J, Ingwersen J, Mathys C, Jarius S, Bruck W, Hartung HP, Paul F, Aktas O (2013) Contribution of spinal cord biopsy to diagnosis of aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler. doi:10.1177/1352458513510981 24192218 · DOI
  130. [131]Pittock SJ Lennon VA Krecke K Wingerchuk DM Lucchinetti CF Weinshenker BG Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica Arch Neurol 2006 63 390 396 10.1001/archneur.63.3.390 16533966 · DOI
  131. [132]Matthews L Marasco R Jenkinson M Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution Neurology 2013 80 1330 1337 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182887957 23486868 PMC3656462 · DOI · Paper page
  132. [133]Sinnecker T Dörr J Pfueller CF Harms L Ruprecht K Jarius S Brück W Niendorf T Wuerfel J Paul F Distinct lesion morphology at 7-T MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis Neurology 2012 79 708 714 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182648bc8 22855861 · DOI · Paper page
  133. [134]Kister I Herbert J Zhou Y Ge Y Ultrahigh-Field MR (7 T) Imaging of Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica Mult Scler Int 2013 2013 398259 23431447 PMC3568863
  134. [135]Nakamura M Misu T Fujihara K Miyazawa I Nakashima I Takahashi T Watanabe S Itoyama Y Occurrence of acute large and edematous callosal lesions in neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler 2009 15 695 700 10.1177/1352458509103301 19435750 · DOI
  135. [136]Pittock SJ Weinshenker BG Lucchinetti CF Wingerchuk DM Corboy JR Lennon VA Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression Arch Neurol 2006 63 964 968 10.1001/archneur.63.7.964 16831965 · DOI
  136. [137]Nakajima H Fujiki Y Ito T Kitaoka H Takahashi T Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica presenting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion as an initial manifestation Case Rep Neurol 2011 3 263 267 10.1159/000334129 22125526 PMC3224522 · DOI
  137. [138]Nakashima I Fujihara K Miyazawa I Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2006 77 1073 1075 10.1136/jnnp.2005.080390 16505005 PMC2077753 · DOI
  138. [139]Poppe AY Lapierre Y Melançon D Lowden D Wardell L Fullerton LM Bar-Or A Neuromyelitis optica with hypothalamic involvement Mult Scler 2005 11 617 621 10.1191/1352458505ms1200cr 16193902 · DOI
  139. [140]Banker P Sonni S Kister I Loh JP Lui YW Pencil-thin ependymal enhancement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Mult Scler 2012 18 1050 1053 10.1177/1352458511431730 22183933 · DOI
  140. [141]Kim W Park MS Lee SH Kim S-H Jung IJ Takahashi T Misu T Fujihara K Kim HJ Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity Mult Scler 2010 16 1229 1236 10.1177/1352458510376640 20685766 · DOI
  141. [142]Kim W Kim S-H Huh S-Y Kim HJ Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Mult Scler Int 2012 2012 735486 23259063 PMC3518965
  142. [143]Bock M Brandt AU Dörr J Pfueller CF Ohlraun S Zipp F Paul F Time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a comparative cross-sectional study Mult Scler 2010 16 893 896 10.1177/1352458510365156 20350961 · DOI
  143. [144]Oberwahrenbrock T Schippling S Ringelstein M Retinal damage in multiple sclerosis disease subtypes measured by high-resolution optical coherence tomography Mult Scler Int 2012 2012 530305 22888431 PMC3410317
  144. [145]Brandt AU Oberwahrenbrock T Ringelstein M Young KL Tiede M Hartung HP Martin R Aktas O Paul F Schippling S Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography Brain 2011 134 e193 10.1093/brain/awr095 21596763 · DOI
  145. [146]Stricker S Oberwahrenbrock T Zimmermann H Schroeter J Endres M Brandt AU Paul F Temporal retinal nerve fiber loss in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 PLoS One 2011 6 e23024 10.1371/journal.pone.0023024 21829579 PMC3146534 · DOI
  146. [147]Zimmermann H Freing A Kaufhold F Optic neuritis interferes with optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging correlations Mult Scler 2013 19 443 450 10.1177/1352458512457844 22936335 · DOI
  147. [148]Dörr J Wernecke KD Bock M Gaede G Wuerfel JT Pfueller CF Bellmann-Strobl J Freing A Brandt AU Friedemann P Association of retinal and macular damage with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis PLoS One 2011 6 e18132 10.1371/journal.pone.0018132 21494659 PMC3072966 · DOI
  148. [149]Albrecht P Müller A-K Südmeyer M Optical coherence tomography in parkinsonian syndromes PLoS One 2012 7 e34891 10.1371/journal.pone.0034891 22514688 PMC3325949 · DOI
  149. [150]Oberwahrenbrock T Ringelstein M Jentschke S Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome Mult Scler 2013 23702433
  150. [151]Pfueller CF Paul F Imaging the visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler Int 2011 2011 869814 22135746 PMC3226244
  151. [152]Bichuetti DB de Camargo AS Falcão AB Gonçalves FF Tavares IM de Oliveira EML The retinal nerve fiber layer of patients with neuromyelitis optica and chronic relapsing optic neuritis is more severely damaged than patients with multiple sclerosis J Neuroophthalmol 2013 33 220 224 10.1097/WNO.0b013e31829f39f1 23917443 · DOI
  152. [153]De Seze J Blanc F Jeanjean L Optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica Arch Neurol 2008 65 920 923 18625858
  153. [154]Naismith RT Tutlam NT Xu J Klawiter EC Shepherd J Trinkaus K Song S-K Cross AH Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis Neurology 2009 72 1077 1082 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345042.53843.d5 19307541 PMC2677471 · DOI
  154. [155]Ratchford JN Quigg ME Conger A Frohman T Frohman E Balcer LJ Calabresi PA Kerr DA Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies Neurology 2009 73 302 308 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181af78b8 19636050 PMC2843578 · DOI
  155. [156]Green AJ Cree BAC Distinctive retinal nerve fibre layer and vascular changes in neuromyelitis optica following optic neuritis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2009 80 1002 1005 10.1136/jnnp.2008.166207 19465415 · DOI
  156. [157]Gelfand JM, Cree BA, Nolan R, Arnow S, Green AJ (2013) Microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities and neuromyelitis optica. JAMA Neurol pp 1–5 23529376
  157. [158]Sotirchos ES Saidha S Byraiah G In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2013 80 1406 1414 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828c2f7a 23516321 PMC3662269 · DOI
  158. [159]Bouyon M Collongues N Zéphir H Longitudinal follow-up of vision in a neuromyelitis optica cohort Mult Scler 2013 19 1320 1322 10.1177/1352458513476562 23413296 · DOI
  159. [160]Schneider E, Zimmermann H, Oberwahrenbrock T et al (2013) Optical coherence tomography reveals distinct patterns of retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One p e66151 PMC3689687 23805202
  160. [161]De Sa JCC Airas L Bartholome E Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: a review for a multimodal approach in clinical practice Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011 4 139 168 10.1177/1756285611403646 21694816 PMC3105633 · DOI
  161. [162]Samkoff LM Goodman AD Symptomatic management in multiple sclerosis Neurol Clin 2011 29 449 463 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.01.008 21439453 · DOI
  162. [163]Chang K-H Lyu R-K Chen C-M Wu Y-R Chang H-S Huang C-C Kuo H-C Chu C-C Hsu W-C Ro L-S Distinct features between longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis presenting with and without anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies Mult Scler 2013 19 299 307 10.1177/1352458512451659 22829325 · DOI
  163. [164]Wingerchuk DM Weinshenker BG Neuromyelitis optica Curr Treat Options Neurol 2008 10 55 66 10.1007/s11940-008-0007-z 18325300 · DOI
  164. [165]Keegan M Pineda AA McClelland RL Darby CH Rodriguez M Weinshenker BG Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response Neurology 2002 58 143 146 10.1212/WNL.58.1.143 11781423 · DOI
  165. [166]Bonnan M Valentino R Olindo S Mehdaoui H Smadja D Cabre P Plasma exchange in severe spinal attacks associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Mult Scler 2009 15 487 492 10.1177/1352458508100837 19324982 · DOI
  166. [167]Roesner S Appel R Gbadamosi J Martin R Heesen C Treatment of steroid-unresponsive optic neuritis with plasma exchange Acta Neurol Scand 2012 126 103 108 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01612.x 22050360 · DOI
  167. [168]Bonnan M Cabre P Plasma exchange in severe attacks of neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler Int 2012 2012 787630 22474589 PMC3306943
  168. [169]Merle H Olindo S Jeannin S Treatment of optic neuritis by plasma exchange (add-on) in neuromyelitis optica Arch Ophthalmol 2012 130 858 862 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1126 22776923 · DOI
  169. [170]Magaña SM Keegan BM Weinshenker BG Beneficial plasma exchange response in central nervous system inflammatory demyelination Arch Neurol 2011 68 870 878 10.1001/archneurol.2011.34 21403003 PMC3134547 · DOI
  170. [171]Weinshenker BG O’Brien PC Petterson TM Noseworthy JH Lucchinetti CF Dodick DW Pineda AA Stevens LN Rodriguez M A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease Ann Neurol 1999 46 878 886 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6<878::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-Q 10589540 · DOI
  171. [173]Llufriu S Castillo J Blanco Y Plasma exchange for acute attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of improvement at 6 months Neurology 2009 73 949 953 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b879be 19770470 · DOI
  172. [174]Watanabe S Nakashima I Misu T Miyazawa I Shiga Y Fujihara K Itoyama Y Therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange in NMO-IgG-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler 2007 13 128 132 10.1177/1352458506071174 17294622 · DOI
  173. [175]Elsone L Panicker J Mutch K Boggild M Appleton R Jacob A Role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of acute relapses of neuromyelitis optica: experience in 10 patients Mult Scler 2013 23986097
  174. [176]Greenberg BM Thomas KP Krishnan C Kaplin AI Calabresi PA Kerr DA Idiopathic transverse myelitis: corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or cyclophosphamide Neurology 2007 68 1614 1617 10.1212/01.wnl.0000260970.63493.c8 17485649 · DOI
  175. [177]Costanzi C Matiello M Lucchinetti CF Weinshenker BG Pittock SJ Mandrekar J Thapa P McKeon A Azathioprine: tolerability, efficacy, and predictors of benefit in neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2011 77 659 666 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822a2780 21813788 · DOI
  176. [178]Bichuetti DB Lobato de Oliveira EM Oliveira DM Amorin de Souza N Gabbai AA Neuromyelitis optica treatment: analysis of 36 patients Arch Neurol 2010 67 1131 1136 10.1001/archneurol.2010.203 20837859 · DOI
  177. [179]Watanabe S Misu T Miyazawa I Nakashima I Shiga Y Fujihara K Itoyama Y Low-dose corticosteroids reduce relapses in neuromyelitis optica: a retrospective analysis Mult Scler 2007 13 968 974 10.1177/1352458507077189 17623727 · DOI
  178. [180]Higgs JE Payne K Roberts C Newman WG Are patients with intermediate TPMT activity at increased risk of myelosuppression when taking thiopurine medications? Pharmacogenomics 2010 11 177 188 10.2217/pgs.09.155 20136357 · DOI
  179. [181]Cree BAC Lamb S Morgan K Chen A Waubant E Genain C An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2005 64 1270 1272 10.1212/01.WNL.0000159399.81861.D5 15824362 · DOI
  180. [182]Jacob A Weinshenker BG Violich I Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients Arch Neurol 2008 65 1443 1448 10.1001/archneur.65.11.noc80069 18779415 · DOI
  181. [183]Kim S-H Kim W Li XF Jung I-J Kim HJ Repeated treatment with rituximab based on the assessment of peripheral circulating memory B cells in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica over 2 years Arch Neurol 2011 68 1412 1420 10.1001/archneurol.2011.154 21747007 · DOI
  182. [184]Bedi GS Brown AD Delgado SR Usmani N Lam BL Sheremata WA Impact of rituximab on relapse rate and disability in neuromyelitis optica Mult Scler 2011 17 1225 1230 10.1177/1352458511404586 21622594 · DOI
  183. [185]Kim S-H Huh S-Y Lee SJ Joung A Kim HJ A 5-year follow-up of rituximab treatment in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder JAMA Neurol 2013 23897062
  184. [186]Greenberg BM Graves D Remington G Hardeman P Mann M Karandikar N Stuve O Monson N Frohman E Rituximab dosing and monitoring strategies in neuromyelitis optica patients: creating strategies for therapeutic success Mult Scler 2012 18 1022 1026 10.1177/1352458511432896 22261118 · DOI
  185. [187]Yang C-S Yang L Li T Responsiveness to reduced dosage of rituximab in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica Neurology 2013 81 710 713 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a1aac7 23884041 PMC3776460 · DOI
  186. [188]Jacob A Matiello M Weinshenker BG Wingerchuk DM Lucchinetti C Shuster E Carter J Keegan BM Kantarci OH Pittock SJ Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with mycophenolate mofetil: retrospective analysis of 24 patients Arch Neurol 2009 66 1128 1133 10.1001/archneurol.2009.175 19752302 · DOI
  187. [189]Neff RT Hurst FP Falta EM Bohen EM Lentine KL Dharnidharka VR Agodoa LY Jindal RM Yuan CM Abbott KC Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and use of mycophenolate mofetil after kidney transplantation Transplantation 2008 86 1474 1478 10.1097/TP.0b013e31818b62c8 19034021 · DOI
  188. [190]Bakker J Metz L Devic’s neuromyelitis optica treated with intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) Can J Neurol Sci 2004 31 265 267 15198456
  189. [191]Okada K Tsuji S Tanaka K Intermittent intravenous immunoglobulin successfully prevents relapses of neuromyelitis optica Intern Med 2007 46 1671 1672 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0217 17917332 · DOI
  190. [192]Magraner MJ Coret F Casanova B The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on neuromyelitis optica Neurologia 2012 28 65 72 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.03.014 22841880 · DOI
  191. [193]Kim S-H Kim W Park MS Sohn EH Li XF Kim HJ Efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone in patients with highly relapsing neuromyelitis optica Arch Neurol 2011 68 473 479 10.1001/archneurol.2010.322 21149806 · DOI
  192. [194]Cabre P Olindo S Marignier R Jeannin S Merle H Smadja D Aegis of French National Observatory of Multiple Sclerosis Efficacy of mitoxantrone in neuromyelitis optica spectrum: clinical and neuroradiological study J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2013 84 511 516 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303121 23138769 · DOI
  193. [195]Dörr J Bitsch A Schmailzl KJG Severe cardiac failure in a patient with multiple sclerosis following low-dose mitoxantrone treatment Neurology 2009 73 991 993 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b878f6 19770476 · DOI
  194. [196]Stroet A Hemmelmann C Starck M Incidence of therapy-related acute leukaemia in mitoxantrone-treated multiple sclerosis patients in Germany Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012 5 75 79 10.1177/1756285611433318 22435072 PMC3302202 · DOI
  195. [197]Martinelli V Cocco E Capra R Acute myeloid leukemia in Italian patients with multiple sclerosis treated with mitoxantrone Neurology 2011 77 1887 1895 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318238ee00 22076543 · DOI
  196. [198]Bonnet F Mercié P Morlat P Devic’s neuromyelitis optica during pregnancy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus 1999 8 244 247 10.1191/096120399678847696 10342719 · DOI
  197. [199]Jacobi C Stingele K Kretz R Hartmann M Storch-Hagenlocher B Breitbart A Wildemann B Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s syndrome) as first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus 2006 15 107 109 10.1191/0961203306lu2265cr 16539283 · DOI
  198. [200]Mok CC To CH Mak A Poon WL Immunoablative cyclophosphamide for refractory lupus-related neuromyelitis optica J Rheumatol 2008 35 172 174 18176991
  199. [201]Yaguchi H Sakushima K Takahashi I Efficacy of intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Intern Med 2013 52 969 972 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.7885 23648715 · DOI
  200. [202]Bichuetti DB, Oliveira EML, Boulos F de C, Gabbai AA (2012) Lack of response to pulse cyclophosphamide in neuromyelitis optica: evaluation of 7 patients. Arch Neurol 69:938–939 22777264

200 of 232 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS), Trebst, C., Jarius, S., Berthele, A., Paul, F., Schippling, S., Wildemann, B., Borisow, N., Kleiter, I., Aktas, O., & Kümpfel, T.
Affiliations
  • Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • Max Delbrück Center (DE)
  • St. Josef-Hospital (DE)
  • Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie (DE)
Corresponding author
Kümpfel, Tania
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neurology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-11-23
Volume
261
Issue
1
Pages
1-16
ISSN
  • 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
  • 0340-5354
  • 1432-1459
DOI
10.1007/s00415-013-7169-7
PMC
PMC3895189
OpenAlex
W2038941725
Cited by
595
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 1
FWCI
6.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
Keywords
neuromyelitis optica, Devic's syndrome, aquaporin-4 antibodies, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, NMO spectrum disorders, diagnosis, treatment, rituximab, azathioprine, immunosuppressive therapy, brain lesions, optical coherence tomography, retinal damage, anti-complement therapy, magnetic resonance imaging
MeSH terms
Diagnosis-Related Groups, Humans, Neuromyelitis Optica, Medication Reconciliation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review