The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An operational approach to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: A workgroup commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association (AA) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) recently published research criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). We performed a preliminary assessment of these guidelines. METHODS: We employed Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as our biomarker of cerebral amyloidosis, and (18) fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging and hippocampal volume as biomarkers of neurodegeneration. A group of 42 clinically diagnosed AD subjects was used to create imaging biomarker cutpoints. A group of 450 cognitively normal (CN) subjects from a population-based sample was used to develop cognitive cutpoints and to assess population frequencies of the different preclinical AD stages using different cutpoint criteria. RESULTS: The new criteria subdivide the preclinical phase of AD into stages 1 to 3. To classify our CN subjects, 2 additional categories were needed. Stage 0 denotes subjects with normal AD biomarkers and no evidence of subtle cognitive impairment. Suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP) denotes subjects with normal amyloid PET imaging, but abnormal neurodegeneration biomarker studies. At fixed cutpoints corresponding to 90% sensitivity for diagnosing AD and the 10th percentile of CN cognitive scores, 43% of our sample was classified as stage 0, 16% stage 1, 12 % stage 2, 3% stage 3, and 23% SNAP. INTERPRETATION: This cross-sectional evaluation of the NIA-AA criteria for preclinical AD indicates that the 1-3 staging criteria coupled with stage 0 and SNAP categories classify 97% of CN subjects from a population-based sample, leaving only 3% unclassified. Future longitudinal validation of the criteria will be important.
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“Initial studies in this emerging area have identified subgroups of older adults with subtle cognitive decline that do not conform to expected patterns and investigators have designated them as Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology (SNAP) and Unclassified groups [51, 52].”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Our hypothesis, therefore, can accommodate a growing realization that for many subjects with suspected AD, or who have an increased risk of developing AD, what are currently considered downstream biomarker changes potentially precede upstream biomarker changes [206-213].”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [212]
In the citing paper
“Yet, this finding is in line with recent studies showing that AD-type atrophy and/or hypometabolism can be found in both Aβ-negative healthy controls (Jack et al., 2012) and Aβ-negative MCI patients (Prestia et al., 2013).”
From Hippocampal subfield volumetry in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Jack et al., 2012
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Sperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., Iwatsubo, T., Jack, C. R., Kaye, J., Montine, T. J., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 · Cited by 7,155
Self-citationHypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Aisen, P. S., Weiner, M. W., Petersen, R. C., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70299-6 · Cited by 4,806
Self-citationImaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound‐B
Klunk, W. E., Engler, H., Nordberg, A., Wang, Y., Blomqvist, G., Holt, D. P., Bergström, M., Savitcheva, I., Huang, G., Estrada, S., et al. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20009 · Cited by 4,496
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects
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Self-citationMixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons
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Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies
Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Kelly, J. F., Aggarwal, N. T., Shah, R. C., & Wilson, R. S. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6 · Cited by 1,336
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Impact of physical activity on early clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease
Sohn, B. K., Byun, M. S., Yi, D., Jeon, S. Y., Chang, Y. Y., Choi, H., Jung, G., Ahn, H., Lee, D. W., Lee, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823261500780
Metadata
- Authors
- Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Weigand, S. D., Wiste, H. J., Vemuri, P., Lowe, V., Kantarci, K., Gunter, J. L., Senjem, M. L., Ivnik, R. J., Roberts, R. O., Rocca, W. A., Boeve, B. F., & Petersen, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jack, Clifford R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-09
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 765-775
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- PMC
- PMC3586223
- OpenAlex
- W2044429455
- Cited by
- 602
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 27.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Mayo Clinic
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG11378, P50‐AG16574, U01AG006786, R01AG011378, R01AG041851, P50AG016574)
- National Center for Research Resources (C06RR018898)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- preclinical Alzheimer's disease, NIA-AA criteria, Pittsburgh compound B PET, cerebral amyloidosis, FDG-PET, hippocampal volume, neurodegeneration biomarkers, cognitively normal older adults, diagnostic classification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Aniline Compounds, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Neuropsychological Tests, Thiazoles, United States, Biomarkers, Disease Progression, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
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