Rare copy number variants are an important cause of epileptic encephalopathies
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Rare copy number variants (CNVs)—deletions and duplications—have recently been established as important risk factors for both generalized and focal epilepsies. A systematic assessment of the role of CNVs in epileptic encephalopathies, the most devastating and often etiologically obscure group of epilepsies, has not been performed. Methods: We evaluated 315 patients with epileptic encephalopathies characterized by epilepsy and progressive cognitive impairment for rare CNVs using a high‐density, exon‐focused, whole‐genome oligonucleotide array. Results: We found that 25 of 315 (7.9%) of our patients carried rare CNVs that may contribute to their phenotype, with at least one‐half being clearly or likely pathogenic. We identified 2 patients with overlapping deletions at 7q21 and 2 patients with identical duplications of 16p11.2. In our cohort, large deletions were enriched in affected individuals compared to controls, and 4 patients harbored 2 rare CNVs. We screened 2 novel candidate genes found within the rare CNVs in our cohort but found no mutations in our patients with epileptic encephalopathies. We highlight several additional novel candidate genes located in CNV regions. Interpretation: Our data highlight the significance of rare CNVs in the epileptic encephalopathies, and we suggest that CNV analysis should be considered in the genetic evaluation of these patients. Our findings also highlight novel candidate genes for further study. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:974–985
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Contributory pathogenic CNVs occur in another 4%, in whom the CNV contributes to, but is not wholly causative of, the underlying aetiology.
“Contributory pathogenic CNVs occur in another 4%, in whom the CNV contributes to, but is not wholly causative of, the underlying aetiology 172 .”
From Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (2024) · cites this paper as [172]
The Results report that 13 of 315 patients (4.1%) had clearly or likely pathogenic CNVs. Another 12 patients had rare CNVs of unclear clinical significance—not an additional 4% classified as contributory pathogenic. The Discussion suggests that some inherited CNVs may contribute to a phenotype alongside other factors, but does not establish that this applies to the additional 12 patients. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRoutine genetic testing often begins with a chromosomal microarray as causative copy number variants (CNVs) are identified in at least 4% of patients with DEEs.
“Routine genetic testing often begins with a chromosomal microarray as causative copy number variants (CNVs) are identified in at least 4% of patients with DEEs 172 .”
From Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (2024) · cites this paper as [172]
The Discussion reports clearly pathogenic CNVs in 4.1% of 315 patients with epileptic encephalopathies and suggests considering array CGH in their genetic evaluation. It does not establish that routine genetic testing often begins with a chromosomal microarray. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Mefford, H. C., Yendle, S. C., Hsu, C., Cook, J., Geraghty, E., McMahon, J. M., Eeg‐Olofsson, O., Sadleir, L. G., Gill, D., Ben‐Zeev, B., Lerman‐Sagie, T., Mackay, M., Freeman, J. L., Andermann, E., Pelakanos, J. T., Andrews, I., Wallace, G., Eichler, E. E., Berkovic, S. F., & Scheffer, I. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Sydney Children's Hospital (AU)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mefford, Heather C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 974-985
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- PMC
- PMC3245646
- OpenAlex
- W2134007691
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS069605)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- rare copy number variants, epileptic encephalopathy, 16p11.2 duplication, candidate genes, genetic etiology of epilepsy
- MeSH terms
- Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, Cognition Disorders, Epilepsy, Exons, Female, Humans, Male, Calcium Channels, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Gene Dosage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, DNA Copy Number Variations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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