Organic Reactions Classified by Neural Networks: Michael Additions, Friedel–Crafts Alkylations by Alkenes, and Related Reactions
Abstract
A two-dimensional projection of organic reactions into a self-organizing neural network (shown schematically on the right) makes it possible to perceive similarities between reactions, assign reaction types, and identify special reactions. Michael additions and related reactions are used here to illustrate this approach to analyzing chemical reactions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps
Kohonen, T. (1982) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00337288 · Cited by 9,529 · see citing works
Iterative partial equalization of orbital electronegativity—a rapid access to atomic charges
Gasteiger, J., & Marsili, M. (1980) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/0040-4020(80)80168-2 · Cited by 4,157 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Networks for Chemists: An Introduction
Zupan, J., & Gasteiger, J. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Self-citationGasteiger, J., & Zupan, J. (1993) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English · doi:10.1002/anie.199305031 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationGasteiger, J., & Saller, H. (1985) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English · doi:10.1002/anie.198506871 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationHutchings, M. G., & Gasteiger, J. (1983) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)81976-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationGasteiger, J., & Saller, H. (1985) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19850970818 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationGasteiger, J., & Zupan, J. (1993) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19931050405 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis of benzazepinone and 3-methylbenzothiazepinone analogs of diltiazem
FLOYD, D. M., Moquin, R. V., Atwal, K. S., Ahmed, S. Z., Spergel, S. H., Gougoutas, J. Z., & Malley, M. F. (1990) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jo00308a013 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Seebàch, D., Misslitz, U., & Uhlmann, P. (1991) · Chemische Berichte · doi:10.1002/cber.19911240823 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
ChemInform - an integrated information system on chemical reactions
Parlow, A., Weiske, C., & Gasteiger, J. (1990) · Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1021/ci00068a009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationGriffiths, G., Mettler, H., Mills, L. S., & Previdoli, F. (1991) · Helvetica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1002/hlca.19910740208 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Muratov, E. N., Bajorath, J., Sheridan, R. P., Tetko, I. V., Filimonov, D., Poroikov, V., Oprea, T. I., Baskin, I. I., Varnek, A., Roitberg, A., et al. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00098a · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Mapping the space of chemical reactions using attention-based neural networks
Schwaller, P., Probst, D., Vaucher, A. C., Nair, V. H., Kreutter, D., Laino, T., & Reymond, J. (2021) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00284-w · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Huang, X., Li, C., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Zhang, B., & Liu, M. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja036878i · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Lauceri, R., Raudino, A., Scolaro, L. M., Micali, N. L., & Purrello, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja017159b · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Warr, W. A. (2014) · Molecular Informatics · doi:10.1002/minf.201400052 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Spano, F. C., Meskers, S. C. J., Hennebicq, E., & Beljonne, D. (2007) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja067321g · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kim, O., Je, J., Jernigan, G. G., Buckley, L. J., & Whitten, D. G. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0533141 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Miyagawa, T., Yamamoto, M., Muraki, R., Onouchi, H., & Yashima, E. (2007) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja068951l · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Algorithm for Reaction Classification
Kraut, H., Eiblmaier, J., Grethe, G., Löw, P., Matuszczyk, H., & Saller, H. (2013) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci400442f · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Size-Dependent Exciton Chirality in (R)-(+)-1,1‘-Bi-2-naphthol Dimethyl Ether Nanoparticles
Xiao, D., Yang, W., Yao, J., Lu, X. H., Xia, Y., & Shuai, Z. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja047309t · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Genome‐Scale Classification of Metabolic Reactions: A Chemoinformatics Approach
Latino, D. A. R. S., & Aires‐de‐Sousa, J. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200503833 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Latino, D. A. R. S., Zhang, Q., & Aires‐de‐Sousa, J. (2008) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn405 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sacher, O., Reitz, M., & Gasteiger, J. (2009) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci800277f · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, P., Ma, X., & Liu, M. (2007) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma070681j · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Site-specific template generative approach for retrosynthetic planning
Shee, Y., Li, H., Zhang, P., Nikolić, A., Lu, W., Kelly, H. R., Manee, V., Sreekumar, S., Buono, F. G., Song, J. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52048-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reaction Classification and Knowledge Acquisition
Chen, L. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9783527618279.ch12 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationWillighagen, E., Wehrens, R., & Buydens, L. M. C. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/10408340600969601 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Satoh, H., Itono, S. S., Funatsu, K., Takano, K., & Nakata, T. (1999) · Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1021/ci9801567 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Satoh, H., Funatsu, K., Takano, K., & Nakata, T. (2000) · Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · doi:10.1246/bcsj.73.1955 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Genome‐Scale Classification of Metabolic Reactions: A Chemoinformatics Approach
Latino, D. A. R. S., & Aires‐de‐Sousa, J. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.200503833 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Graph-based Reaction Classification by Contrasting between Precursors and Products
Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Meng, Z., Yang, Z., Zhao, W., & Cui, X. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm55620.2022.9995338 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hendrickson, J. B., & Chen, L. (1998) · Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/0470845015.cca022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationKnowledge Discovery on Chemical Reactivity from Experimental Reaction Information
Satoh, H., & Nakata, T. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39644-4_48 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Satoh, H., & Nakata, T. (2003) · Journal of Computer Chemistry Japan · doi:10.2477/jccj.2.87 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
I nternet‐based Computational Chemistry Tools
Rzepa, H. S. (1998) · Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/0470845015.cia006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Modern Trends in Chemical Reactions Modeling
Varnek, A. A., & Baskin, I. I. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11543-0
Automatic learning for the classification of chemical reactions and in statistical thermodynamics
Latino, D. A. R. S. (2008) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
- Authors
- Chen, L., & Gasteiger, J.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Lingran
- Gasteiger, Johann
- ORCID
- Gasteiger, Johann
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-04-19
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 763-765
- ISSN
- 0570-0833 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089904228
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › History and advancements in chemistry
- Keywords
- organic reactions, reaction classification, self-organizing neural networks, Michael addition, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, alkene alkylation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review