The Mechanism of Color Change in the Neon Tetra Fish: a Light‐Induced Tunable Photonic Crystal Array
Abstract
The fresh water fish neon tetra has the ability to change the structural color of its lateral stripe in response to a change in the light conditions, from blue‐green in the light‐adapted state to indigo in the dark‐adapted state. The colors are produced by constructive interference of light reflected from stacks of intracellular guanine crystals, forming tunable photonic crystal arrays. We have used micro X‐ray diffraction to track in time distinct diffraction spots corresponding to individual crystal arrays within a single cell during the color change. We demonstrate that reversible variations in crystal tilt within individual arrays are responsible for the light‐induced color variations. These results settle a long‐standing debate between the two proposed models, the “Venetian blinds” model and the “accordion” model. The insight gained from this biogenic light‐induced photonic tunable system may provide inspiration for the design of artificial optical tunable systems.
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Structural colors in fish usually result from reflection by guanine crystals inside the scales or skin.
“Indeed, structural colors in fish are not rare, but the colors usually result from the reflection by guanine crystals inside the scales or skin (21, 22), which are obviously missing in the transparent species.”
From Light diffraction by sarcomeres produces iridescence in transmission in the transparent ghost catfish (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Color pattern can be influenced physiologically, as some types of pigment cells disperse or contract pigment granules in response to endocrine and neuroendocrine factors, including norephinephrine (NE).
“Color pattern can be influenced physiologically41,42, as some types of pigment cells disperse or contract pigment granules in response to endocrine and neuroendocrine factors, including norephinephrine (NE)43–45”
From In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Gur, D., Palmer, B. A., Leshem, B., Oron, D., Fratzl, P., Weiner, S., & Addadi, L.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Addadi, Lia
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-04-27
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 12426-12430
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2096142602
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- HZB Repository (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB)) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science foundation (2012\224330*)
- German Research Foundation
- European Community (283570)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photonic Crystals and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- neon tetra, structural color, color change, tunable photonic crystals, guanine crystals, light-induced color change, crystal tilt, micro-X-ray diffraction, biophotonics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Color, Fishes, Light, Models, Biological, X-Ray Diffraction, Photons, Optics and Photonics
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