Cited by 696Luminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsPhotochemistry and Electron Transfer StudiesOrganic Light-Emitting Diodes Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE): A Historical Perspective

Würthner, Frank·2020·Angewandte Chemie International Edition

DOI 10.1002/anie.202007525

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has attracted considerable interest over the last twenty years. In contrast to the large number of available reviews focusing specifically on AIE, this Essay discusses the AIE phenomenon from a broader perspective, with an emphasis on early observations related to AIE made long before the term was coined. Illustrative examples are highlighted from the 20th century where fluorescence enhancement upon rigidification of dyes in viscous or solid environments or J‐aggregate formation was studied. It is shown that these examples already include typical AIE luminogens such as tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as well as stilbenes and oligo‐ or polyphenylenevinylenes and ‐ethynylenes, which became important fluorescent solid‐state materials in OLED research in the 1990s. Further examples include cyanine dyes such as thiazole orange (TO) or its dimers (TOTOs), which have been widely applied as molecular probes in nucleic acid research. The up to 10 000‐fold fluorescence enhancement of such dyes upon intercalation into double‐stranded DNA, attributable to the restricted intramolecular motion (RIM) concept, afforded commercial products for bioimaging and fluorescence sensing applications already in the early 1990s.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/anie.202007525

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole
Luo, J., Xie, Z., Lam, J. W. Y., Cheng, L., Tang, B. Z., Chen, H., Qiu, C., Kwok, H. S., Zhan, X., Liu, Y., et al. (2001) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b105159h · Cited by 8,358
Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar!
Mei, J., Leung, N. L. C., Kwok, R. T. K., Lam, J. W. Y., & Tang, B. Z. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00263 · Cited by 8,270
The exciton model in molecular spectroscopy
Kasha, M., Rawls, H. R., & Ashraf El-Bayoumi, M. (1965) · Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1351/pac196511030371 · Cited by 4,253
Aggregation-induced emission: phenomenon, mechanism and applications
Hong, Y., Lam, J. W. Y., & Tang, B. Z. (2009) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b904665h · Cited by 4,153
J‐Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials
Würthner, F., Kaiser, T. E., & Saha‐Möller, C. R. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201002307 · Cited by 2,597
Self-citation
Standards for photoluminescence quantum yield measurements in solution (IUPAC Technical Report)
Brouwer, A. M. (2011) · Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1351/pac-rep-10-09-31 · Cited by 2,229
Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer
Hestand, N. J., & Spano, F. C. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581 · Cited by 1,984
Enhanced Emission and Its Switching in Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles
An, B., Kwon, S., Jung, S.-D., & Park, S. Y. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0269082 · Cited by 1,952
Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Syntheses, Properties, Structures, and Applications
Bunz, U. H. F. (2000) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr990257j · Cited by 1,661
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: New Vistas at the Aggregate Level
Zhao, Z., Zhang, H., Lam, J. W. Y., & Tang, B. Z. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201916729 · Cited by 1,442

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 63 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

10.1021/ja005933 · DOI
Guan J., 2020, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
Scheibe G., 1936, Angew. Chem., 49, 563

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 696

Designing affinity-switchable aggregation-induced emission-enhanced supramolecular biosensors for “lighting” of endogenous trans-zeatin bioactivity in plants
Wu, M. L., Sun, Q., Yin, C., Wang, M., Liu, Z., Niu, N., & Chen, L. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.153913 · Cited by 7
Molecular docking-aided AIEgen design: concept, synthesis and applications
Zhang, J., Xu, X., Liu, F., Cao, S., Gui, Y.-X., Su, Y.-W., He, X., Liang, J., & Zou, Y. (2024) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-023-1881-1 · Cited by 7
Excimer‐Induced Efficient Luminescence by Discrete Intermolecular π−π Stacking of Naphthalimide‐Based Dimer
Wang, S., Yang, D., Liu, H., Zhang, S., & Yang, B. (2024) · ChemPhotoChem · doi:10.1002/cptc.202400097 · Cited by 7
Synthesis of New AIEE-Active Chalcones for Imaging of Mitochondria in Living Cells and Zebrafish In Vivo
Luo, H., Li, N., Liu, L., Wang, H., & He, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168949 · Cited by 7
“Fluorescence molecules with this property show weak emission in solution but show a dramatically enhanced emission in high concentrations and solid state, which is contrary to the ACQ phenomenon [7].”
Fluorescent Liquid Tetrazines
Domínguez, M. P., Demirkurt, B., Grzelka, M., Bonn, D., Galmiche, L., Audebert, P., & Brouwer, A. M. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26196047 · Cited by 7
“When the luminescence intensity is increased due to aggregation, we speak of aggregation-induced emission, a phenomenon that has been studied extensively in the past two decades [8,9].”
From 498 to 1300 nm: The exceptional large emission shift of a cycloplatinated(II) complex caused by molecular aggregation
Ni, J., Qi, W.-J., Liu, S., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110567 · Cited by 7
A Precipitation‐Enhanced Emission (PEE) Strategy for Increasing the Brightness and Reducing the Liver Retention of NIR‐II Fluorophores
Li, J., Pu, R., He, X., Chen, Q., Liu, S., Liu, W., & Li, J. (2022) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202204153 · Cited by 7
Optimizing Molecular Aggregation-Induced Emission (Aie) Behavior of Phosphoryl Center Π-Conjugated Heterocycles by Tuning Chemical Features of the Tether Groups
Zhong, D., Jia, D., Yang, X., Sun, Y., & Zhou, G. (2022) · Organic Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2022.106706 · Cited by 7
Application of a Dual-Probe Coloading Nanodetection System in the Process Monitoring and Efficacy Assessment of Photodynamic Therapy: An In Vitro Study
Dong, K., Lei, H., Kang, J., Leng, X., Ma, R., Wang, D., Zhou, Q., Yu, J., Lu, T., & Xing, J. (2023) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01388 · Cited by 7
Tetraphenylethene Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Fluorescent Probe for Rapid and Selective Trifluralin Sensing in Vegetables and Fruits
Hu, H., Hu, Y., Xia, L., & Li, G. (2021) · Chemistry - An Asian Journal · doi:10.1002/asia.202101024 · Cited by 7
Novel bipyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyridine luminogens with aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties
Hsiao, P., & Chu, J. (2021) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d1cc05371j · Cited by 7
3 ‐Ethoxysalicylaldimine‐based symmetrical azine‐linked luminogen exhibiting ESIPT and bright orange colour AIE behaviour with live cell bioimaging application
Mathivanan, M., Shanmugaraj, K., Ilanchelian, M., Haribabu, J., Hidalgo, P. I., & Novoa, N. (2024) · Luminescence · doi:10.1002/bio.4892 · Cited by 6
Supramolecular light-harvesting systems based on cyanostilbene derivatives
Cui, F., Zhang, Q., Dang, X., & Xiao, T. (2025) · Tetrahedron Chem · doi:10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100120 · Cited by 6
Stereoselective synthesis of heterocyclic tetraphenylethylene analogues with configuration-dependent solid-state luminescence
Seinfeld, M., Rouillon, J., Rullan, R., Erwann Jeanneau, B., Steinmann, S. N., Andraud, C., Bahers, T. L., & Monnereau, C. (2025) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d4sc08333d · Cited by 6
Counterion‐Mediated Luminophore Dimerization
Carter, A., Saha, P. K., Sikder, A., Aguilar, J. A., Monkman, A. P., Avestro, A., Etherington, M. K., & McGonigal, P. R. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202505433 · Cited by 6
Benzochalcogenazolo-based N , O -coordinated boron difluoride complexes as gain media for organic solid-state lasers
Pytlarz, R., Kutsiy, S., Hotynchan, A. H., Jean-Woldemar, E., Luboradzki, R., Marek‐Urban, P. H., Merklin, G., Chénais, S., Volyniuk, D. Y., Gražulevičius, J. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d5tc02236c · Cited by 6
Applications of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in heterocyclic ring formations
Varala, R., Achari, K., Hussein, M. K., & Alam, M. M. (2025) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5ob01209k · Cited by 6
Macrophage‐derived Extracellular Vesicles Disguised AIEgen/IDO1 Inhibitor Nanoplatform Reactivate “Immune‐Hot” for Photothermal Immunotherapy via Multi‐Dimensionally Reprograms Tumor Microenvironment
Li, X., Zhao, X., Zhou, Y. B., Liu, Y., Feng, Y., Dai, Y., Gong, P., Zhao, Q., & Dong, M. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70175 · Cited by 7
“Unfortunately, this promising solution presents a new hurdle: the inherent poor water solubility of AIE photothermal agents (AIEgens) [34].”
Artificial sequential light-harvesting system assembled from an AIE amphiphile in water for tunable emission and ROS production
Duan, Q., Zhang, Q., Wu, J., Liu, Q., Xiao, T., & Lu, K. (2025) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113358 · Cited by 6
Tuning the Emission Behaviour of Halogenated Bridged Ethers in Solution, as Solids and as Aggregates by Chalcogen Substitution
Dubbert, J., Valtolina, M., Huber, A., Scherz, T. D., Wölper, C., Daniliuc, C. G., Filiba, O., Sen, S., Schapiro, I., Rizzo, F., et al. (2022) · ChemPhotoChem · doi:10.1002/cptc.202200169 · Cited by 6
Hypochlorite Detection by Fluorescent Sensors Bearing Long Alkyl Chains: The Role of Chain Length in Sensing Properties
Yang, Y., Li, Z., Dong, F., Lv, J., Han, B., Sun, Y., Lu, H., Lei, Z., & Ma, H. (2022) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.202200307 · Cited by 5
Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia
Xu, J., Jin, X. Y., Wu, X., Li, X., Li, C., Li, S., Zhang, Z., & Hua, J. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb00051j · Cited by 6
Facile single-step synthesis of pentaaryl-substituted pyrano[3,2- b ]pyrrol-5(1 H )-ones showing aggregation-induced emission
Wang, Y., Chu, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, M., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Sun, J., & Yin, G. (2024) · Organic Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d4qo01600a · Cited by 6
Design and Construction of an Artificial Light‐Harvesting System Based on Polyacrylic Acid and a Cyanostilbene Derivative
Duan, Q., Chen, D., Zhang, Q., Lin, S., Zeng, R., & Xiao, T. (2024) · ChemNanoMat · doi:10.1002/cnma.202400501 · Cited by 6
Multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence in a pyrimidine-functionalized tetraphenylethylene derivative: AIE, trivalent ions (Cr3+/Al3+/Fe3+) sensing, and applications
Wang, Y., Zhao, Z., Mu, Y., Chen, L., Ji, Y., Wang, R., & Pu, S. (2025) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116538 · Cited by 6
Steric pressure in heteropentacenes modulates the photophysical properties – a molecular design strategy for functional materials
Huber, A., Thiele, T., Rex, T., Daniliuc, C. G., Wölper, C., Lorberg, R. Y., Höfmann, L., Strassert, C. A., Giese, M., & Voskuhl, J. (2025) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d5sc03028e · Cited by 6
Combined effects of ion-pairing on multi-emissive properties of benzimidazolium salts
Carlo, G. D., Forni, A., Moretti, P., Marinotto, D., Botta, C., Pizzotti, M., Tessore, F., & Cariati, E. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d1tc00503k · Cited by 6
Dynamic covalent chemistry constrained diphenylethenes: control over reactivity and luminescence both in solution and in the solid state
Jiang, G., Yu, H., Ye, H., & You, L. (2022) · Organic Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d2qo00057a · Cited by 6
Synthesis of Four-Membered BN3 Heterocycles by the Borylation of Triazenes
Suleymanov, A. A., Scopelliti, R., & Severin, K. (2022) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03309 · Cited by 6
Anti‐kooperative Selbstorganisation mit aufrechterhaltener Emission reguliert durch konformationelle und sterische Effekte
Helmers, I., Hossain, M. S., Bäumer, N., Wesarg, P., Soberats, B., Shimizu, L. S., & Fernández, G. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202200390 · Cited by 6
Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Circularly Polarized Luminescence Duality in Tetracationic Binaphthyl‐Based Cyclophanes
Garci, A., Abid, S., David, A. H. G., Codesal, M. D., Đorđević∞, L., Young, R. M., Sai, H., Bras, L. L., Perrier, A., Ovalle, M., et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202208679 · Cited by 6
A novel 3-acetyl coumarin based AIE luminophore for colorimetric recognition of Cu2+ and F− ions
Gond, S., Yadav, P., Singh, A. K., & Singh, V. P. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134317 · Cited by 7
Practical Design of 3,6-Di-tert-butyldiphenyldibenzofulvene Derivatives with Enhanced Aggregation-Induced Emission
Cunha, C., Peixoto, M., Santos, J. R. C., Abreu, P. E., Paixão, J. A., Piñeiro, M., & de Melo, J. S. S. (2022) · ACS Applied Optical Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaom.2c00067 · Cited by 6
Stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced emission of molecular probes by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions: Effect of organic solvent content and application for probing of alkaline phosphatase activity
Gao, F., Chang, Y. K., Zhang, J., Wang, L., & Liu, L. (2023) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124923 · Cited by 6
Study on the modulating effect of halogen atom substitution on the detection range of water content detection probes in organic solvents
Xu, J., Huang, M., Zhang, S., Ning, D., Pang, H., Jiao, L., Yang, Q., Yang, J., & Wu, Q. (2023) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2023.123415 · Cited by 6
Dual‐Responsive and Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Probe for Selective Imaging of Infectious Urolithiasis
Li, X., Wang, Q., Hu, S., Zhang, C., Zhu, Z., Wang, L., Chen, R., Song, Z., Liao, H., Liu, Q., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202401347 · Cited by 6
Electrochemiluminescence of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles from Size Modulation and Multipath Surface State Adjustment for Ultrasensitive HIV-DNA Fragment Detection
Duan, J., Cao, W., Zhu, X., Li, Q., Yuan, R., & Wang, H. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01106 · Cited by 6
Mitochondrion-anchoring AIEgen with Large Stokes Shift for Imaging-guided Photodynamic Therapy
Fang, F., Gao, Y., & Luo, L. (2021) · Chemical Research in Chinese Universities · doi:10.1007/s40242-021-0379-0 · Cited by 6
Host‐Guest Assemblies of Cyanostilbenes and Cucurbit[8]uril: Luminescence Modulation, Photoreactivity Control and Energy Transfer Studies
Bhaumik, S. K., Kumar, S., & Banerjee, S. (2022) · ChemNanoMat · doi:10.1002/cnma.202200119 · Cited by 6
Integrating Aggregate Materials and Machine Learning Algorithms: Advancing Detection of Pathogen‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Li, L., Su, Y., Hu, C., Peng, Z., Xue, W., Dong, L. F., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70018 · Cited by 6
A New Class of Diarylethene Compounds that Exhibit Turn‐On Emission: From Aggregation‐Induced Emission to Anti‐Kasha Emission
Xu, Z. J., Owona, J., Liu, Q. T., Putwa, S., Jiang, L., Tong, K., Hean, D., Patrick, B. O., Chou, K. C., Tonnelé, C., et al. (2025) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202500422 · Cited by 5
Nanoscale Control of Aggregation-Induced Emission and Second Harmonic Generation in a Dicyano Distyrylbenzene-Appended Polymer Using Optical Trapping
Wang, S., Tseng, K.-C., Nakabayashi, M., Hayashi, S., Ishiwari, F., & Sugiyama, T. (2025) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04092 · Cited by 5
A viscosity-activable nano-micelle with aggregation-induced emission for boosting NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided synergetic photodynamic/photothermal therapy of breast cancer
Cai, W., Ge, J., Dong, J., Guo, X., Fan, B., Wang, Q., Yang, P., Guo, D., Wang, D., Tang, B. Z., et al. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102302 · Cited by 5
“This phenomenon is responsible for the AIE effect, as it eliminates non-radiative decay pathways and preserves excitation energy, thereby enhancing fluorescence [16].”
Chiral Boron–Formazanates as a Multifunctional NIR Chiroptical Platform: Modular Synthesis, Photothermal Conversion, and Reversible Acid–Base Chiroptical Switching
Huang, S., Mo, S., Ma, Z., Yang, L., Xu, C., Jin, Z., & Xiao, X. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202519577 · Cited by 5
Polyacrylic Acid-Mediated Supramolecular Light-Harvesting Platform Enables Reactive Oxygen Species Boosting and Photocatalytic Oxidations
Dang, X., Hu, M., Sun, G., & Xiao, T. (2026) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6c00204 · Cited by 5
Tuning the Solid State Luminescence of Benzofuran‐Cyanostilbenes by Functionalization with Electron Donors or Acceptors
Abdo, J., Ayoub, A., Ibrahim, N., Allain, M., & Frère, P. (2023) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.202300402 · Cited by 5
Mechanistic insights into the AIE properties of BF2 complexes of N-acetyl 2-aminobenzothiazoles as rotorless polyheteroaromatics
Li, Y.-X., Xiong, W.-C., Zheng, H., Wang, X.-C., Pu, S., Shi, R., Sun, Q., & Gong, S. (2024) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.111949 · Cited by 5
Erasable invisible ink based on a TPE-derived AIE pigment
Qiao, J., Fu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., & Feng, Y. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109752 · Cited by 5
Bypassing Ca2+ Influx for Antimetastasis Photodynamic Therapy via Robust Nucleus-Targeted Near-Infrared Cyanines
Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Dong, Q., Qin, Y., Cao, Y., Zhu, H., Ma, Z., Li, Z., Rao, Z., Ning, P., et al. (2024) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04789 · Cited by 5
Classification and research progress of aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence materials for sensoring application
Zhang, D., Li, C., Xiang, T., Xu, R. L., Xu, R. L., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.113241 · Cited by 5
Three-step sequential artificial light-harvesting systems constructed by tetraphenylethylene macrocycle-based supramolecular cascade assembly in water for tunable photoluminescence
Su, X., Zou, L., Li, J., Liu, M., Chen, P., Qi, C., Feng, H., & Tang, B. Z. (2025) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112877 · Cited by 5
Luminescent Imidazolium Salts as Bright Multi‐Faceted Tools for Biology
Berthiot, R., del Giudice, N., & Douce, L. (2021) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202100459 · Cited by 5
Internal acylation-induced AIE/AIEE switch of pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazoles (PBTs): Restriction of access to dark state caused by distortion of 4H-pyrimidine ring
Chen, L., Yang, R., Shi, R., Wei, J., You, X.-L., Gong, S., & Sun, Q. (2022) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110982 · Cited by 5
Photoluminescence Behaviors in Self-Assembly Supramolecular Pyridinium Salts
Jiao, S., Tang, W., Wu, Y., Li, D., Tang, Z., Gao, Z., Sun, X., Ma, L., Cai, H., & Wu, X. (2023) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01054 · Cited by 5
Heparin‐Induced Dual Mode Luminescence Modulation of Organic Nanoparticles and Efficient Energy Transfer
Biswas, R., Das, S., Puschmann, H., & Banerjee, S. (2023) · Chemistry - An Asian Journal · doi:10.1002/asia.202300100 · Cited by 5
Fluorescence enhancement induced by supramolecular J-aggregation of pyrene dye containing a flexible rotation group
Wang, H., Chen, M., Su, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhou, F., Shao, J., Gao, P., Du, J., & Shi, T. (2023) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111777 · Cited by 5
Aggregation induced emission and mechanofluorochromic properties of tetraphenylethylene-based luminogen: Fluorescence enhancement induced by phase transition
Zhao, X., Huang, W., Liu, X., Chen, X., Ying, L., & Miao, X. (2024) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112132 · Cited by 5
Advances of fluorescent DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications
Shen, X., Cao, M., Xing, X., Ouyang, J., & Na, N. (2024) · The Innovation Materials · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100064 · Cited by 6
Textile-Based Adsorption Sensor via Mixed Solvent Dyeing with Aggregation-Induced Emission Dyes
Hong, S. G., Oh, B. M., Kim, J. H., & Lee, J. U. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17081745 · Cited by 5
Highly sensitive detection of copper in aqueous media using a fluorescent probe developed from isophthaldehyde and (E)-1-(hydrazonomethyl) naphthlen-2-ol
Arshad, M., Ajayan, A., Joseph, V., & Joseph, A. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2024.115436 · Cited by 5
Mechanochromism and aggregation-induced emission in a fluorene-fumaronitrile-based molecular system: The influence of supramolecular control on donor-acceptor interactions
Nair, G. S., Lekshmy, R. K., Szacilowski, K. T., Takeuchi, M., & Balan, B. (2024) · Journal of Luminescence · doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2024.120857 · Cited by 6
Tetraphenylethylene‐Derived Tetracarboxylate Featuring AIE Properties for Dual Ion Sensing and Mechanochromic Self‐Erasable Writing
Zhang, Q., Dang, X., Cui, F., Wu, Z., Li, Z., Sun, X., Xiao, T., & Wang, L. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202403203 · Cited by 5
Fluorescence-guided Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Clinical Practice to Laboratories
Xiao, T., Chen, D., Li, P., Li, Z., Pan, W., Dong, Y., Zhang, J., & Li, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2024.00375 · Cited by 5
“92,93 Notably, light regulation of different emission bands has been achieved through flexible chemical modifications, and several near-infrared probes have been developed to produce high-resolution images in cell imaging and related bioimaging techniques.”
Supramolecular self-assembly-induced emission enhancement for highly sensitive and selective recognition of mercury ions in aqueous solutions
Zou, L.-B., Ju, X., Ou, P., Zhou, C., Wang, X., Pan, D.-W., Liu, Z., Zhou, X.-L., & Chu, L. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.113910 · Cited by 5
Main-Group Synergy in Carbazole Emitters: Enhancing Cyanostilbene Solid-State Emission to Near Unity Quantum Yield via Duryl-Bridged Dimesitylborane
Afrin, A., & Chinna Ayya Swamy, P. (2025) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c02843 · Cited by 5
HAPPY Dyes as Light Amplification Media in Thin Films
Zariņš, E., Perveņecka, J., Misiņa, E., Bezvikonnyi, O., Vembris, A., Balodis, K., Volyniuk, D. Y., Gražulevičius, J. V., & Kokars, V. (2021) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.0c02574 · Cited by 5
The length effect and color tuning of tetraphenylethylene functionalized oligothiophenes for effective detection of explosives
Tao, T., Fang, D., Chen, Y., Fan, Y., & Lu, H. (2021) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109673 · Cited by 5
Ligands for Abasic Site-containing DNA and their Use as Fluorescent Probes
Ihmels, H., & Schlosser, J. (2022) · Current Organic Synthesis · doi:10.2174/1570179419666220216091422 · Cited by 6
Synthesis and study on aggregation behaviours in liquid phase of three prepared cyanine dyes
Xu, M., Li, X., Zeng, Q., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Luminescence · doi:10.1002/bio.4349 · Cited by 5
Investigation into the molecular engineering of xanthene-derived AIE tunable fluorescent switching dyes: experimental and theoretical approaches
Guo, R., Song, W., Yoo, J., Yoon, C., Ai, Y., Yin, Y. B., James, T. D., Kim, J. S., & Lin, W. (2025) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2664-3 · Cited by 4
Achieving mechanofluorochromic and hybrid white light emission with DTTO derivatives
Hou, Y., Xu, R., Hou, Y., & Chen, B. (2026) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113665 · Cited by 4
Supramolecular light-harvesting systems for organic photocatalytic transformations
Yang, B., Sun, G., Hu, M., & Xiao, T. (2026) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d6cc03233h · Cited by 4
Probing non-equilibrium inner structure of polymeric nanoparticle via aggregation-induced emission of luminogen
Zhu, Z., Meng, X., Xu, X., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.193 · Cited by 4
Theoretical Investigation of Iridium Complex with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties
Lodowski, P., & Jaworska, M. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29030580 · Cited by 4
“Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon that involves the increased luminescence of a chemical compound in the aggregates or in the solid state compared to in a solution where it shows no or weak emission [1–9].”
Engineered bacteriophage-based bioimaging Technology: Development and applications
Shen, Y., Sun, L., Li, J., Zhou, X., & Wang, R. (2025) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2025.07.009 · Cited by 4
“In contrast, fluorescent probes that utilize the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism exhibit the opposite behavior: AIE probes emit strong fluorescence in aggregated or high-concentration states but remain non-emissive when dispersed [33].”
4′-Nitrobiphenyl thioglucoside as the Smallest, fluorescent photosensitizer with cancer targeting ligand
Kanamori, T., Miki, Y., Katou, M., Ogura, S., & Yuasa, H. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116737 · Cited by 4
Diaroyl ‐S,N‐ ketene Acetals: Red‐Shifted Solid‐State and Aggregation‐Induced Emitters from a One‐Pot Synthesis
Biesen, L., Hartmann, Y., & Mueller, T. J. J. (2023) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202301908 · Cited by 4
Understanding the role of π-π stacking from red carbon for selective, high stable and anti-external interference detecting ferric ions and cellular imaging
Yuan, H., Du, L., Cao, Y., Tu, S., Liu, D., Yi, Q., Luo, W., Gao, H., Zhang, J., Liao, F. Y., et al. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110416 · Cited by 4
Emission Color Tuning of Inverse Type Diarylethene Crystals
Kitagawa, D., Seto, Y., Suganuma, M., Nakahama, T., Sotome, H., Ito, S., Miyasaka, H., & Kobatake, S. (2024) · ChemPhotoChem · doi:10.1002/cptc.202400081 · Cited by 4
Unravelling the Role of Structural Factors in the Luminescence Properties of Persulfurated Benzenes
Fermi, A., D’Agostino, S., Dai, Y., Brunetti, F., Negri, F., Gingras, M., & Ceroni, P. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202401768 · Cited by 4
Designing Dual-State and Aggregation-Induced Emissive Luminogens from Lignocellulosic Biosourced Molecules
Bonnot, M., Ibrahim, N., Allain, M., & Frère, P. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29133135 · Cited by 4
Merging of a Supramolecular Ligand with a Switchable Luminophore – Light‐Responsiveness, Photophysics and Bioimaging
Balszuweit, J., Stahl, P., Cappellari, M. V., Lorberg, R. Y., Wölper, C., Niemeyer, F. C., Koch, J., Prymak, O., Knauer, S. K., Strassert, C. A., et al. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202402578 · Cited by 4
Dual-/multi-organelle-targeted AIE probes associated with oxidative stress for biomedical applications
You, Y., Lin, S., Tang, C., Li, Y., Yan, D., Wang, D., & Chen, X. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb01440e · Cited by 4
Substituent groups effects on AIEgens of fluorenone derivatives: Optical properties, bioimaging, and LED devices
Lv, S., Zhang, W., Liu, Q., Liu, D., Du, X., Liu, X., Cheng, X., Xing, X., Su, H., & Qiu, D. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.140839 · Cited by 3
An aggregation-independent and rotor-specific TPE-cyanine probe for in vivo near-infrared fluorescent imaging
Zhang, X., Qin, Y., Zhang, H., Cao, Y., Zhu, H., Tang, Y., Ma, Z., Li, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, Q., et al. (2024) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110715 · Cited by 4
AIE-active Cyclen-BODIPYs as multiresponsive fluorescent probes for imaging in biological samples: Design and comprehensive study
Uvarov, D. Y., Sapoletova, N. A., Kushnir, S. E., Selektor, S. L., Golovanov, I. S., Chursin, A. Y., Scherbakov, A. M., Salnikova, D. I., Kopnin, P., Kolotyrkina, N. G., et al. (2025) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128283 · Cited by 4
Overcoming aggregation-induced quenching in DNA-assembled rhodamine dimers
Cavanaugh, P., Roy, S. K., Biaggne, A., Ketteridge, M. N., Barclay, M. S., Rau, R., Lee, J., Davis, P. H., Knowlton, W. B., Yurke, B., et al. (2025) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d5cp00595g · Cited by 4
Aggregation induced emission-active molecules bearing tunable singlet oxygen generation: The different length alkyl chain matters
Meng, F. (2020) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2020.119233 · Cited by 4
A highly selective AIEgen fluorescent probe for visualizing Cys in living cells and C. elegans
Ye, Y., Yu, Y., Xu, Z.-M., Chen, X., Wang, Z., Wang, B., Jiao, Q., & Zhu, H. (2021) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1nj03701c · Cited by 4
Packing-dependent polymorphism: A stimuli-responsive macrocyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole
Yang, Q., Zhang, J., & Wang, L. (2021) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.110024 · Cited by 4
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Fluorinated Tetraphenylethylenes**
Zhang, Z., Lieu, T. N., Wang, X., Daugulis, O., & Miljanić, O. Š. (2022) · ChemPhotoChem · doi:10.1002/cptc.202200011 · Cited by 4
Aggregation‐Induced Emission in a Flexible Phosphine Oxide and its Zn(II) Complexes—A Simple Approach to Blue Luminescent Materials
Kirst, C., Knechtel, F., Gensler, M., Fischermeier, D., Petersen, J., Danaf, N. A., Gutenthaler‐Tietze, J., Wedel, A., Lamb, D. C., Mitrić, R., et al. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202212436 · Cited by 4
Thermally Reversible On‐Off Switching of Aggregation‐Induced Emission via LCST Phase Transition of Ionic Liquids in Water
Iwasawa, H., Uchida, D., Hara, Y., Tanaka, M., Nakamura, N., Ohno, H., & Ichikawa, T. (2023) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202301197 · Cited by 4
Cinnamyl Chalcone Based AIE Fluorescent Probes for Sensitive Detection of Hydrazine and its Application in Living Cells
Yang, Y., Yuan, Y.-Z., Zhang, Y., Guo, H., & Xue, J. (2023) · Journal of Fluorescence · doi:10.1007/s10895-023-03357-2 · Cited by 4
“…studies, scientists have concluded that there are several mechanisms to suppress π-π stacking in molecules to achieve the AIE effect [16, 17], such as Restricted Intramolecular Rotation (RIR) [18], Intramo-lecular Charge Transfer (ICT) [19] and Twisted Intramo-lecular Charge Transfer (TICT) [20].”
Tunable emission from H-type supramolecular polymers in optical nanocavities
Lavarda, G., Berghuis, A. M., Joseph, K., van der Tol, J. J. B., Murai, S., Rivas, J. G., & Meijer, E. W. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d3cc05877h · Cited by 4
Fluorescence-Encoded Time-Domain Coherent Raman Spectroscopy in the Visible Range
Tamura, T., McCann, P. C., Nishiyama, R., Hiramatsu, K., & Goda, K. (2024) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00817 · Cited by 4
Co-Assembled Nanosystems Exhibiting Intrinsic Fluorescence by Complexation of Amino Terpolymer and Its Quaternized Analog with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Dye
Pantelaiou, M. A., Vagenas, D., Karvelis, E. S., Rotas, G., & Pispas, S. (2024) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano14201631 · Cited by 4
Polypseudorotaxanes Derived from Tetraphenylethylene: Preparation and Tandem-Activated Aggregation-Induced Emission
Cai, L., Zhang, H., Guo, J., Liu, S., & Jia, Y. (2021) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00328 · Cited by 4
More is different: how aggregation turns on the light
Ball, P. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa266 · Cited by 4
Sustained acid release from stimuli responsive organic crystals facilitates shape modulation in metal nanoparticle synthesis
Naim, K., Samadder, P., Rahman, A., Sahoo, S. C., & Neelakandan, P. P. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d5tc00047e · Cited by 3

Authors: Würthner, F.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Würthner, Frank
ORCID: Würthner, Frank
Venue: Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-07-13
Volume: 59
Issue: 34
Pages: 14192-14196
ISSN: 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
1521-3773
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007525
OpenAlex: W3042602012
Cited by: 696
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 19
FWCI: 4.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
Keywords: aggregation-induced emission, fluorescence enhancement, J-aggregate formation, tetraphenylethylene, stilbenes, poly(phenylene vinylene), cyanine dyes, thiazole orange, DNA intercalation, OLED materials, nucleic acid probes, bioimaging, fluorescence sensing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE): A Historical Perspective

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks