Localized Water‐In‐Salt Electrolyte for Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Abstract
Water‐in‐salt (WIS) electrolytes using super‐concentrated organic lithium (Li) salts are of interest for aqueous Li‐ion batteries. However, the high salt cost, high viscosity, poor wettability, and environmental hazards remain a great challenge. Herein, we present a localized water‐in‐salt (LWIS) electrolyte based on low‐cost lithium nitrate (LiNO 3) salt and 1,5‐pentanediol (PD) as inert diluent. The addition of PD maintains the solvation structure of the WIS electrolyte, improves the electrolyte stability via hydrogen‐bonding interactions with water and NO 3− molecules, and reduces the total salt concentration. By in situ gelling the LWIS electrolyte with tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) monomer, the electrolyte stability window can be further expanded to 3.0 V. The as‐developed Mo 6 S 8|LWIS gel electrolyte|LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) batteries delivered outstanding cycling performance with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.53 % after 250 cycles at 1 C.
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Wang's group developed localized water-in-salt electrolytes with low cost and high safety for aqueous lithium-ion batteries, using inexpensive and eco-friendly LiNO3 salt to replace toxic and costly Li salts, and lowered the electrolyte salt concentration by introducing diluents that dissolve water but not inorganic salts.
“Therefore, Wang's group [87] developed localized water-in-salt electrolytes (LWiSEs) with low-cost and high safety for aqueous lithium-ion batteries, in which they used inexpensive and eco-friendly LiNO 3 salt to replace the toxic and costly Li salts, and lowered the electrolyte salt concentration by introducing diluents that dissolve the water but not the inorganic salts.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
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Liu, S., Shu, C., Yan, Y., Du, D., Ren, L., Zeng, T., Wen, X., Xu, H., Wang, X.-X., Tian, G., et al. (2023) · ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS · doi:10.1002/eem2.12635 · Cited by 12
Lv, N., Ren, R., wu, Y., Xu, Z., Wu, D., You, X., Zhu, G.-Y., Zhang, Y.-Z., & Dong, S. (2022) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141097 · Cited by 12
Zhang, C.-F., Peng, J.-Y., Cheng, S.-J., & Xie, J. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202516909 · Cited by 11
Strategies for design and modification of electrode materials in novel aqueous ammonium ion battery
Zhang, H., Zhang, F.-Y., Wang, Y.-C., Jiang, Z.-W., Liao, D., Guo, X.-J., Di, H., Sun, F.-Y., Pan, C., & Bai, X. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170340 · Cited by 11
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Solvent Shared Ion Pairs and Direct Contacted Ion Pairs in LiCl Aqueous Solution by IR Ratio Spectra
Jin, Z.-Y., Kong, X.-W., Wang, Z.-Q., Zhang, R.-T., Ma, L., & Lin, K. (2023) · Journal of Solution Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10953-023-01339-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Besides, Li salts are widely used in various Li ion batteries [6–9].”
High Voltage Aqueous Based Energy Storage with “Water-in-LiNO3” Electrolyte
Tulaphon, P., Tantitumrongwut, P., Ditkanaruxkul, T., Bunpheng, A., Tangthana-umrung, K., Chomkhuntod, P., & Iamprasertkun, P. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100553 · Cited by 10
Ultralow-concentration electrolyte boosting K0.486V2O5 for high-performance proton storage
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High-Voltage pH-Decoupling Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries for Future Energy Storage
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Deng, Y., Xing, C.-X., Li, C., Zhou, Y., Peng, Z., Fei, L.-F., Zhi, C.-Y., & Wang, T. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202416566 · Cited by 9
Revolutionizing aqueous batteries: Exploring the challenges and thriving advancements
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- Authors
- Jaumaux, P., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Safaei, J., Tang, X., Zhou, D., Wang, C., & Wang, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Dong
- Wang, Chunsheng
- Wang, Guoxiu
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-07-26
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 19965-19973
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W3175391148
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 10.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP200101249)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced battery technologies research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Keywords
- water-in-salt electrolytes, aqueous lithium-ion batteries, lithium nitrate, 1,5-pentanediol, hydrogen bonding, electrochemical stability window, in situ gelation, gel electrolyte, LiMn2O4 cathode, cycling stability
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