The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping online child safety in Asia and the Pacific
Open accessAbstract
Abstract In today's age, the Internet has become essential for children's education and social development. Yet the very same technologies can expose children to online harm, which can negatively impact their well‐being and safety. These risks are becoming more serious as Internet penetration rises, particularly in emerging countries that have limited resources and capacities to tackle complex issues such as online sexual abuse, cyberbullying, and Internet addiction. As research on the entire range of risks that children are exposed to online is limited, particularly in Asia and the Pacific, this study aims to initiate the process of filling this knowledge gap and proposes a set of policy recommendations to address the challenge of balancing children's online opportunities and risks. A key finding from the study is the need for a multistakeholder and collaborative approach to ensure the online safety of children, which must include children themselves.
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“In terms of the relationship to the victim, perpetrators included family members [23,24], educators [23,24], religious individuals [23,24], peers [23,24], neighbors [23,24], trusted individuals [23,24], and people met online as groomers [4,17,25] and cyber-bullies [13,26].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For victims with ASD and 22q11 deletion syndrome [26], the reported occurrences included cyber-threats, cyber-harassment, and grooming [25].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Specific disabilities are mentioned, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [17,26,27], Williams Syndrome [17,26], intellectual disabilities [22,26,27], 22q11 deletion syndrome (which involves developmental delays and may face mild intellectual disability or learning disabilities) [26], and physical disabilities [23,25] including deafness [18], and chronic health problems [25].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, those with Williams Syndrome and ASD [26] shared experiences of perpetrators providing them with gifts in their experience of OCSEA [23], and encountered cyber-threats, cyber-harassment, and grooming, akin to the occurrences reported by individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome [26] and intellectual disabilities [22].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies also suggested that parents can act as protectors, as they can supervise their child's online activity, preventing OCSEA [24,26].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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In the citing paper
“In addition, the studies analyzed reveal that perpetrators employ various techniques, such as manipulation [23,27], cyberstalking [13], coercion [27], providing gifts to victims [23], cyber-threats [13,21,23,26,27], cyber-harassment [13,26], sexting [13,21], sextortion [13], grooming [4,13,19,27], and digital alteration of images [21].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“The parents' awareness of online risks and active supervision of children and adolescents provided by their caregivers and parents can serve as essential protective measures [26].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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Citations
Cites
Not Just 'Revenge Pornography': Australians' Experiences of Image-Based Abuse A SUMMARY REPORT
Henry, N., Powell, A., & Flynn, A. (2018) · Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.29903.59045 · Cited by 61
Powell, A., & Henry, N. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-58047-4_5 · Cited by 16
Child Safety Issues in Cyberspace: A Critical Theory on Trends and Challenges in the ASEAN Region
Rahamathulla, M. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2015906925 · Cited by 12
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- ECPAT, 2017, Online child sexual exploitation: An analysis of emerging and selected issues, ECPAT International Journal
- ICMEC(2016).Child pornography: Model legislation and global review 8th edition.
- ICMEC(2017).Online grooming of children for sexual purposes: Model legislation & global review 1st edition.
- Ng K. C. &Ho B. C.(2015).APrIGF 2015 workshop report.
- Oxford Internet Institute(2017).How and Why is children's digital data being harvested. 10 May.
- UNESCO(2016).A policy review: Building digital citizenship in Asia‐Pacific through safe effective and responsible use of ICT. Bangkok.
- Varrella A., 2017, Live streaming of child sexual abuse: Background, legislative frameworks and the experience of the Philippines, ECPAT International Journal
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Álvarez-Guerrero, G., Fry, D., Lu, M., & Gaitis, K. K. (2024) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities4020017 · Cited by 20
“…Williams Syndrome [17,26], intellectual disabilities [22,26,27], 22q11 deletion syndrome (which involves developmental delays and may face mild intellectual disability or learning disabilities) [26], and physical disabilities [23,25] including deafness [18], and chronic health problems [25].”
BackgroundInfluentialUsers' Perceptions of Online Child Abuse Detection Mechanisms
Deldari, E., Thakkar, P., & Yao, Y. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3637424 · Cited by 9
Child Online Safety in Indian Context
Andrews, D., Alathur, S., Chetty, N., & Kumar, V. (2020) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Security (ICCCS) · doi:10.1109/icccs49678.2020.9277038 · Cited by 8
Punjani, N. S., Hussain, A., Yan, W., Hartling, L., Scott, S. D., Elgaweesh, F., & Kennedy, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1765426 · Cited by 4
Technology-Based Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review
ALTUNPUL, N., & Koçtürk, N. (2024) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1340938 · Cited by 3
IMPLEMENTATION OF SEXUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA: NARRATIVE REVIEW
Susanti, D. N., & Doni, A. W. (2021) · SANITAS Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan · doi:10.36525/sanitas.2021.4 · Cited by 3
Analysis of the Policy Context Surrounding Mobile Media Use Among Children and Young People in India
Bharadwaj, A., & Arora, D. (2024) · Mobile communication in Asia · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2282-5_11 · Cited by 2
GROOMING OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN IN INDONESIA
Hardiyanti, D. T., Harefa, B., Bakhtiar, H. S., & Supardi, S. (2023) · UUM Journal of Legal Studies · doi:10.32890/uumjls2023.14.2.6 · Cited by 2
Patnaik, B. C. M., Satpathy, I., & Jain, V. K. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7758-1.ch014
Mahao, M., & Chere-Masopha, J. (2025) · Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education · doi:10.2478/dcse-2025-0011
Parental engagement in sex health education for young children: perspectives from Malaysia
Gun, C. H., Wo, S. W., Aruta, J. J. B. R., & Lee, L. G. L. (2025) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2025.2568491
Biswas, A. K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_656-1
Secret Profiles, Fame Dreams and AI Shields: Safeguarding Lesotho’s Children in the Digital Wild
Batani, J., & Morolong, M. P. (2026) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20121-8_20
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Internet Society (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Rajnesh D.
- ORCID
- Singh, Rajnesh D.
- Venue
- Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-05-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 651-664
- ISSN
- 2050-2680 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2807312909
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Internet Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal and Social Justice Studies
- Keywords
- child online safety, online sexual abuse, cyberbullying, internet addiction, children's internet use, emerging markets, multi-stakeholder collaboration, children's participation, child well-being, online safety policy, Asia-Pacific region
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