Cited by 285Hearing Loss and RehabilitationHearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, GeneticsHearing Impairment and Communication

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The Cochlear Implant: Historical Aspects and Future Prospects

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Eshraghi, Adrien A., Nazarian, Ronen, Telischi, Fred F., Rajguru, Suhrud M., Truy, Eric, Gupta, Chhavi·2012·The Anatomical Record

DOI 10.1002/ar.22580PMC PMC4921065

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Abstract

The cochlear implant (CI) is the first effective treatment for deafness and severe losses in hearing. As such, the CI is now widely regarded as one of the great advances in modern medicine. This article reviews the key events and discoveries that led up to the current CI systems, and we review and present some among the many possibilities for further improvements in device design and performance. The past achievements include: (1) development of reliable devices that can be used over the lifetime of a patient; (2) development of arrays of implanted electrodes that can stimulate more than one site in the cochlea; and (3) progressive and large improvements in sound processing strategies for CIs. In addition, cooperation between research organizations and companies greatly accelerated the widespread availability and use of safe and effective devices. Possibilities for the future include: (1) use of otoprotective drugs; (2) further improvements in electrode designs and placements; (3) further improvements in sound processing strategies; (4) use of stem cells to replace lost sensory hair cells and neural structures in the cochlea; (5) gene therapy; (6) further reductions in the trauma caused by insertions of electrodes and other manipulations during implant surgeries; and (7) optical rather electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Each of these possibilities is the subject of active research. Although great progress has been made to date in the development of the CI, including the first substantial restoration of a human sense, much more progress seems likely and certainly would not be a surprise.

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Items 201–285 of 285

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Authors: Eshraghi, A. A., Nazarian, R., Telischi, F. F., Rajguru, S. M., Truy, E., & Gupta, C.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Eshraghi, Adrien A.
ORCID: Eshraghi, Adrien A.
Telischi, Fred F.
Rajguru, Suhrud M.
Gupta, Chhavi
Venue: The Anatomical Record
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-10-08
Volume: 295
Issue: 11
Pages: 1967-1980
ISSN: 1932-8486 (ISSN-L)
1932-8494
DOI: 10.1002/ar.22580
PMC: PMC4921065
OpenAlex: W2093601481
Cited by: 285
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 0.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The Anatomical Record (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC011481)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
Keywords: cochlear implants, history of cochlear implants, profound hearing loss, electrode arrays, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, cochlear implantation
MeSH terms: Animals, Cochlear Implants, Deafness, Humans, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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The Cochlear Implant: Historical Aspects and Future Prospects

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