Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), also called 26-kd protein, hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor, beta 2-interferon, or B cell stimulatory factor 2, is a recently described human cytokine with multiple growth and differentiation activities. Using a very sensitive bioassay based on the growth factor activity of this protein for B cell hybridomas, we found that IL-6 activity was significantly elevated in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or other inflammatory arthritides, as compared with that in a group of patients with osteoarthritis. Moreover, IL-6 was detected in about one-third of the serum samples from patients with RA. In the latter group, we found a significant correlation between serum IL-6 activity and serum levels of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin, which indicates that IL-6 is related to disease activity in patients with RA.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-6 is present at high amounts in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
“and is present at high amounts in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (44, 45)”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer
Hirano, T. (2021) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa078 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
“…the 1980s also showed that IL-6 is produced by cardiac myxoma cells (42) and Castleman’s germinal center cells (43) and is present at high amounts in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (44, 45), suggesting its role in autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases (1).”
BackgroundThe Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease
Papanicolaou, D. A., Wilder, R. L., Manolagas, S. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00009 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Khoury, S. J., Hancock, W. W., & Weiner, H. L. (1992) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.176.5.1355 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Biologics for targeting inflammatory cytokines, clinical uses, and limitations
Rider, P., Carmi, Y., & Cohen, I. (2016) · International Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1155/2016/9259646 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Regional analysis of <i>p53</i> mutations in rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Yamanishi, Y., Boyle, D. L., Rosengren, S., Green, D. R., Zvaifler, N. J., & Firestein, G. S. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.152333199 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Cazzola, M., Ponchio, L., de Benedetti, F., Ravelli, A., Rosti, V, Beguin, Y., Invernizzi, R., Barosi, G., & Martini, A. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v87.11.4824.bloodjournal87114824 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Inhibition of IL-6 for the treatment of inflammatory diseases
NISHIMOTO, N. (2004) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.03.005 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Tocilizumab in early progressive rheumatoid arthritis: FUNCTION, a randomised controlled trial
Burmester, G. R., Rigby, W. F., van Vollenhoven, R. F., Kay, J., Rubbert-Roth, A., Kelman, A., Dimonaco, S., & Mitchell, N. (2016) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207628 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Katsume, A., Saito, H., Yamada, Y., Yorozu, K., Ueda, O., Akamatsu, K.-I., Nishimoto, N., Kishimoto, T., Yoshizaki, K., & Ohsugi, Y. (2002) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.2002.2012 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effect of all-trans-retinoic acid in inflammatory arthritis
Nozaki, Y., Yamagata, T., Sugiyama, M., Ikoma, S., Kinoshita, K., & Funauchi, M. (2006) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2005.11.012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhou, Z.-Y., Zhang, Y.-Y., & Yang, H.-L. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154677 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Miyazawa, K., Mori, A., Yamamoto, K., & Okudaira, H. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.13.7620 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Houssiau, F. A., Devogelaer, J., Damme, J. V., Deuxchaisnes, C. N. D., & Snick, J. V.
- Affiliations
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Houssiau, Frédéric A.
- Venue
- Arthritis & Rheumatism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 784-788
- ISSN
- 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0131
- OpenAlex
- W2084386397
- Cited by
- 847
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 35.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, synovial fluid, serum cytokines, C-reactive protein, acute phase proteins, disease activity, osteoarthritis
- MeSH terms
- Arthritis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Growth Substances, Humans, Hybridomas, Interleukins, Synovial Fluid, Interleukin-6
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
