The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Citation indexes in sociological and historical research
Abstract
The use of citation data in the computer construction of historical network diagrams is proposed. A new “critical path method” of evaluating the impact of individual scientific discoveries is described as well as a “critical impact” factor which measures the arborization of specific papers or ideas through the subsequent literature. The danger of indiscriminate. unqualified use of quantitative citation data in sociological evaluations is emphasized. However, citation indexes do make thorough qualitative evaluations possible by providing a practical tool for locating subsequent criticisms of particular papers by specified authors.
Overview
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Cites
Statistics
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Self-check
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Citations
Cited by
A BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DESIGN
ELLIS, D. (1989) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/eb026843 · Cited by 962
Martin, B. R., & Irvine, J. (1983) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(83)90005-7 · Cited by 527
Private acts and public objects: An investigation of citer motivations
Brooks, T. A. (1985) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · doi:10.1002/asi.4630360402 · Cited by 256
Suelzer, E. M., Deal, J., Hanus, K. L., Ruggeri, B., Sieracki, R., & Witkowski, E. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15552 · Cited by 69
Baccini, A., & De Nicolao, G. (2016) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1929-y · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Garfield, E.
- Venue
- American Documentation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1963-10
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 289-291
- ISSN
- 0096-946X (ISSN-L)
- 1936-6108
- OpenAlex
- W2172212846
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Citation indexes in sociological and historical research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/asi.5090140405
- The paper
- Garfield, E. (1963). Citation indexes in sociological and historical research. American Documentation. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090140405
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
