Latest advances in degumming feedstock oils for large‐scale biodiesel production
Abstract
The removal of gummy or mucilaginous substances from vegetable oils, commonly known as degumming, is required for the use of crude vegetable oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. These gums reduce the rate of transesterification reactions by deactivation of the catalyst and they hinder the separation of the glycerol phase from the biodiesel. They also cause the deposition of carbon particles within engine machinery and affect performance. To take care of these issues, gums should be separated from the oils to make the oils suitable for use as fuel. Chemical treatment, membrane separation, and biological separation processes have been reported in the literature for this purpose. In the chemical treatment process aqueous solutions of chemicals like acids, bases, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water are used for separating gums. The membrane separation process is based on size exclusion, and polymeric, ceramic, and inorganic membranes are used to separate gums from oil. In biological degumming, phospholipase groups of enzymes are used. These enzymes hydrolyze gums into fatty acids and lipophilic substances. Enzyme degumming also enhances oil‐phase yield. This paper reviews the chemical nature of gums and presents a comprehensive critical summary of different degumming technologies, their specific features, effecting parameters, advantages and disadvantages, and industrial uses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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A drawback of acid degumming is that some decomposed phosphatic acid remains in the oil phase.
“A drawback of acid degumming, however, is that some decomposed phosphatic acid will remain in the oil phase (76).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
The cost of membrane and enzymatic degumming techniques is prohibitively expensive for SCO degumming in their current state.
“While promising, the cost of these techniques are prohibitively expensive for SCO degumming in their current state (76).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
Other degumming methods have been developed to remove these non-hydratable phospholipids.
“Other degumming methods have been developed to remove these non-hydratable phospholipids (76).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Sharma, Y. C., Yadav, M., & Upadhyay, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology BHU (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Yogesh C.
- Venue
- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 174-191
- ISSN
- 1932-1031 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-104X
- OpenAlex
- W2894913836
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Keywords
- degumming, vegetable oil feedstock, biodiesel production, transesterification, glycerol separation, membrane separation, size exclusion, EDTA, acid and base treatment
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